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LEARNING MATERIAL 1

BASIC CONCEPTS in EDUC 147

Introduction
As specified in your course syllabus, EDUC 147 titled, The Teacher and the
Community, School Culture & Organizational Leadership, is a Professional Education
subject of a student taking up an Education degree like you. This course focuses on
society as a content upon which the schools have been established. Educational
philosophies that are related to the society as a foundation of schools and schooling
shall be emphasized. Further, principles and theories on school culture and
organizational leadership shall be included to prepare prospective teachers to become
school leaders and managers.
As a start of learning from this subject, we shall begin our discussion on the
basic concepts. So, get your notebooks and take note of the salient points for you will
be needing your understanding on the concepts here for you to comprehend better in
the succeeding units.

Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students should have:
 Defined society, community, education, social interaction & school culture.

Warm Up Activity
I would like to your prior knowledge about the terms below. Describe and
define each term.

Society - _________________________________________________________

Community - _____________________________________________________

Education - _______________________________________________________

Social Interaction - _________________________________________________

School Culture - ____________________________________________________

When done, get ready to share your answers in class during our synchronous
session.

LEARNING INPUT

Read and understand the text below.

Prepared by : Vida V. Antonio

Subject: PHYED 131 (Waves & Optics)
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Merriam Webster defines Society as a companionship or association with

one's fellows. It is also a voluntary association of individuals for common ends and it
is an organized group working together or periodically meeting because of common
interests, beliefs, or profession. It is also described as an enduring and
cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of
relationships through interaction with one another; or a community, nation, or broad
grouping of people having common traditions, institutions, and collective activities
and interests.

Community, on the other hand, is a unified body of individuals: such as

the people with common interests living in a particular area, a group of people with a
common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society (Example:
a community of retired persons or a monastic community). It is also described as a
group linked by a common policy or an interacting population of various kinds of
individuals (such as species) in a common location.

The third basic concept, which is Education, is probably the most familiar to
you and for sure, it is the term that was defined easily in the Warm Up section.
Merriam Webster simply defines education as the field of study that deals mainly
with methods of teaching and learning in schools. Mark K Smith, however, offers a
more encompassing definition. He said that Education is a process of inviting truth and
possibility, of encouraging and giving time to discovery. It is, as John Dewey (1916) put
it, a social process – ‘a process of living and not a preparation for future living’. In this
view educators look to act with people rather on them. Their task is to educe (related to
the Greek notion of educere), to bring out or develop potential. As such, education is:
 Deliberate and hopeful. It is learning we set out to make happen in the belief
that people can ‘be more’;
 Informed, respectful and wise. A process of inviting truth and possibility.
 Grounded in a desire that at all may flourish and share in life. It is a cooperative
and inclusive activity that looks to help people to live their lives as well as they
can.

By exploring these dimensions and the processes involved, Education means

cultivating hopeful environments and relationships for learning.

The fourth basic concept is Social Interaction. According to Boundless Psychology,

Social Interaction is the process of reciprocal influence exercised by individuals over one
another during social encounters. Usually it refers to face-to-face encounters in which
people are physically present with one another for a specified duration.

Prepared by : Vida V. Antonio

Subject: PHYED 131 (Waves & Optics)
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In sociology, Social Interaction is a dynamic sequence of social actions between

individuals (or groups) who modify their actions and reactions due to actions by their
interaction partner(s). Social interactions can be differentiated into accidental, repeated,
regular and regulated. A social interaction is a social exchange between two or more
individuals. These interactions form the basis for social structure and therefore are a key
object of basic social inquiry and analysis. Social interaction can be studied between
groups of two (dyads), three (triads) or larger social groups.
Social structures and cultures are founded upon social interactions. By
interacting with one another, people design rules, institutions and systems within which
they seek to live. Symbols are used to communicate the expectations of a given society
to those new to it, either children or outsiders. Through this broad schema of social
development, one sees how social interaction lies at its core.
The fifth and last basic concept is School Culture. From the Glossary of
Education Reform, The term School Culture generally refers to the beliefs, perceptions,
relationships, attitudes, and written and unwritten rules that shape and influence every
aspect of how a school functions, but the term also encompasses more concrete issues
such as the physical and emotional safety of students, the orderliness of classrooms and
public spaces, or the degree to which a school embraces and celebrates racial, ethnic,
linguistic, or cultural diversity.

Like the larger social culture, a school culture results from both conscious and
unconscious perspectives, values, interactions, and practices, and it is heavily shaped by
a school’s particular institutional history. Students, parents, teachers, administrators,
and other staff members all contribute to their school’s culture, as do other influences
such as the community in which the school is located, the policies that govern how it
operates, or the principles upon which the school was founded.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 1

Prepared by : Vida V. Antonio

Subject: PHYED 131 (Waves & Optics)
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Make a CONCEPT MAP showing the association, connection, or relationship of

the five (5) concepts above.

Activity 2
From the concept map, complete the table below.

Table 1. Connection, association or relationship of the 5 basic concepts.

Basic Concepts
Society & Education
Society & Community
Society & Social Interaction
Society & School Culture
Connection, Association or Relationship
Due to their complementary effects on one
another, education and society are both
interconnected or interdependent. It is impossible
to create a perfect society without education, and
it is also impossible to manage the educational
system in a methodical way without society.
society and communities are critical because
they're source of social connection and a sense of
belonging.
They allow members of a community to socialize
and encourage a sense of community.
They are pillars of the nation-building process
because they help to influence the next

Prepared by : Vida V. Antonio

Subject: PHYED 131 (Waves & Optics)
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generation to become moral, responsible, and

productive members of our community.
Community & Education Education is a 'social activity in which, in addition
to the school, society plays the role of a facilitator
and partner'
Community & Social Social interactions are central to communication
Interaction between members of the same community.
Community & School Culture
Education & Social
Interaction
Education & School Culture
Social Interaction & School
Culture

Prepared by : Vida V. Antonio

Subject: PHYED 131 (Waves & Optics)