ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS SCADA SYSTEM

This project report is submitted to

Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur
University)
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree

of

Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Telecommunication

Engineering

by
Mr. Abhijeet Motghare
Mr. Ankit Harale
Ms. Simran Dongre
Ms. Shraddha Sharma

Under the guidance of

Dr. Megha Dorle
Mr. Shivam Sarve

DEPARTMENT OF Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Nagar Yuwak Shikshan Sanstha’s

YESHWANTRAO CHAVAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

(An autonomous institution affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur)

NAGPUR – 441 11

I
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to Certify that the project report entitled “Zigbee Based Wireless Scada System”
has been successfully completed by Mr. Abhijeet Motghare , Mr. Ankit Harale ,
Ms. Simran Dongre , Ms. Shraddha Sharma under the guidance of Dr. Megha Dorle
in recognition to the partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan
College of Engineering (An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji
Maharaj Nagpur University)

Dr. Megha Dorle Mr. Shivam Sarve Dr.M.S.Narlawar

Guide Eprayoshi Equipments, HOD ET Dept.
LLP, Nagpur.

Signature of External Examiner

Name:-
Date of Examination:

II
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that

a. The work contained in this project has been done by us under the guidance of our
supervisor(s).
b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
c. We have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the project
report.
d. We have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct
of the Institute.
e. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from
other sources, we have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report
and giving their details in the references. Further, we have taken permission from the
copyright owners of the sources, whenever necessary.

Signature & Name of the

Students

1. Mr. Abhijeet
Motghare

2. Mr. Ankit
Harale

3. Ms. Simran
Dongre

4. Ms. Shraddha
Sharma

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We sincerely Acknowledgement with a deep sense of gratitude to our project guide Dr.
M.S.Dorle for the guidance and encouragement she gave us for the preparation of this
project. She has been a constant source for effective technical guidance as well as
required inspiration to carry out the project smoothly. It has been a privilege and pleasure
working under her guidance.

We are highly obliged to Dr. Milind Narlawar HoD (Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering) for his noble spontaneous and timely help in successful
completion of our project.

We also thank the staff of our department for all the cooperation and friendly treatment
given to us during project. We are also thankful to our colleagues and all those who have
extended the necessary help during the course of our work.

1. Abhijeet P. Motghare
2. Ankit Harale
3. Simran Dongre
4. Shraddha Sharma

IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page No.

Title i
Certificate of Approval ii
Declaration iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures vii
Abstract viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1

1.2 Problem Statement 1

1.3 Project Objective 1

1.4 Report Organization 2

Chapter 2 Literature Survey 3

2.1 Background study 3

2.2 Related Work 3

Chapter 3 Work done 3

3.1 Block Diagram

3.1.1 Hardware Section

3.1.1.1 Components Required 3

3.1.1.2 Circuit Diagram

3.1.2 Software Section

4
3.1.3 Working

V
 3.1.4 PCB Designing 4

CHAPTER 4: Result and Discussion

4.1 Result And Discussion
5
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Scope 6
5.1 Conclusion 7
5.2 Future Scope
Reference 12
Social Utility 12
CO-PO Mapping Table 13

List of Publication 14

Appendix 15
16

24
24
26
26

VI
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.No Figure Name Page No.

.

3.1 Block Diagram 5

3.2 Flow Chart 6
3.3.1 Arduino Nano 7
3.3.2 Pin diagram of Arduino nano 9
3.3.3 ZIGBEE module 9
3.3.4 16x2 LCD Display 10
3.3.5 DS18B20 temperature sensor 11
3.4 Circuit Diagram 12
3.4.1 Hardware Prototype 12
3.4.2 SCADA Software 13
3.4.3 PCB Layout 15
3.4.4 PCB Schematic 15
4.1 Output Image of Hardware 24
4.2 Output Image of Software 25

VII
 ABSTRACT

In recent years, the remote monitoring industry has seen significant advancements,
allowing companies to monitor their equipment from remote locations without being
physically present onsite. Wireless SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
systems have played a crucial role in making remote monitoring more affordable and
efficient. With these systems, companies can remotely monitor and control their processes
from any distance, making them a vital component in the automation industry. SCADA
systems have made significant advancements in the field of process control, making them
an essential tool in the industry. With SCADA, it is possible to remotely control and
monitor the entire process area, providing several advantages such as automatic process
manipulation, warning systems, and automatic report generation. Additionally, SCADA
has the potential to offer additional features such as security, process parameter control,
and visualization, making it a powerful tool for industrial applications. Wireless SCADA
is particularly useful in industries where it is too expensive to install wired SCADA
systems in remote locations. By using wireless technology, it is possible to achieve all the
benefits of a wired system without the expense and hassle of wiring everything. Wireless
SCADA systems have made remote monitoring more accessible and affordable for
companies, improving their efficiency and productivity. To further reduce the costs
associated with wireless SCADA systems, an innovative prototype of a Zigbee-based
wireless SCADA system (ZBWS) has been proposed. This system is designed to offer
cost-effective remote monitoring and control of industrial processes by utilizing Zigbee
wireless technology. The ZBWS system is scalable and flexible, allowing companies to
easily expand or modify the system to accommodate additional sensors or devices. In
summary, wireless SCADA systems have become an essential tool in the automation
industry, offering several advantages such as remote monitoring, automatic process
manipulation, and warning systems. The introduction of wireless technology has made
SCADA systems more affordable and efficient, particularly in industries where it is too

VIII
expensive to install wired systems in remote locations. The proposed Zigbee-based
wireless SCADA system offers a cost-effective solution for remote monitoring and
control of industrial processes, making it an attractive option for companies looking to
improve their efficiency and productivity.

Keywords: ZIGBEE, SCADA, .NET, Arduino. Automation, Wireless.

The ZBWS is aimed to assemble three main engineering advances:

1) Use of an Arduino,
2) Simultaneous monitoring of an industry’s multipurpose boilers, and
3) Cautions of emergency conditions.

IX
0
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a software and hardware
integration that allows for remote or local control and monitoring of industrial or other
activities. The SCADA unit Its Wireless technology, which has lately gained popularity in
the IT industry, may be suitable for industrial control networks as well, providing
solutions with a high return on investment for safety, control, and diagnostics. ZigBee is a
new short-range, low-rate wireless network technology. ZigBee's power economy,
timeliness, and scalability are all attractive qualities for supporting large-scale ubiquitous
computing applications. It is clear from managing the wireless transition that common
wireless protocols such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth may be employed in production
environments. Generally, the SCADA system is a centralized system that monitors and
controls the entire area. It is a pure software package that is positioned on top of the
hardware. A supervisory system gathers data on the process and sends the command
control to the process. The SCADA is a remote terminal unit which is also known as
RTU. Most control actions are automatically performed by RTUs or PLCs. The RTUs
consists of the programmable logic converter which can be set to specific requirement.
For example, in the thermal power plant, the water flow can be set to a specific value or it
can be changed according to the requirement.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The traditional wired SCADA systems are complicated and expensive to install and
maintain due to extensive wiring. They lack flexibility and mobility, limiting remote
access and reducing productivity. Industry uses PLCs and actuators requiring individual
Ethernet cables, making the system expensive. A wireless ZIGBEE-based SCADA system
is proposed to reduce costs, making it affordable for small industries.

1
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is
 Reduce the cost of the SCADA System
 Monitoring from a remote location
 Easy installation and maintenance
 Scalability: The system should be able to scale up or down, depending on the
number of devices that need to be monitored and controlled.
 Reliable and secure data transmission: The data transmitted between the remote
devices and the SCADA system should be reliable and secure, ensuring the
integrity and confidentiality of the information.
 Real-time monitoring and control of remote devices: The system should be able to
monitor and control remote devices such as sensors, meters, switches, and
actuators in real-time.

1.4 REPORT ORGANIZATION

Chapter 1 provides the main idea of this project is to build a system that will give an alert
whenever the condition occurs. The objective of the project is to build a ZIGBEE-based
wireless SCADA system to reduce the cost of the system as well as reduce manpower.

Chapter 2 represents the literature review. This is an important point of the study. This
gives previous research done on wireless SCADA systems. This chapter is the analyzed
review of work on various research done by the authors .here a brief study has been done
on each paper that has been reviewed.

Chapter 3 describes the components we use in our project, details of components, and the
methodology chapter where the objective of the project is determined. The required
concept design is chosen based on the objective. Each criterion of concept design is
defined by the literature study.

Chapter 4 provides results and a discussion of the system. This new concept is used in
wireless SCADA systems. In this chapter, the problem encountered is discussed. The
solution is to reduce the expenses of the SCADA system is lowered.

2
Chapter 5 gives the conclusion of the system and also gives future scope.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Background Study

Up till now there are several studies done in this topic. In [1] an IOT based wireless
SCADA system is implemented. The author used ESP32 to achieve the appropriate
results. ZIGBEE can be used for monitoring and controlling the electrical applications.
Using ZIGBEE we can achieve communication of the electrical system and the substation
from where we are handling the system through software [2]. Scada system can be very
expensive so an open source SCADA software can be used to monitor and control the
system [3].

2.2 Related Work

In this paper, the author presents the implementation of a low-cost open-source IoT-based
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system for a rural BTS (Base
Transceiver Station) site. The system is built using ESP32 and the Arduino IoT Cloud
platform. The system is designed to monitor and control various parameters of interest,
such as current, voltage, temperature, and humidity. To measure the relevant parameters,
current, voltage, temperature, and humidity sensors are programmed and installed at the
BTS site. The measured data is then processed and parsed to the Arduino IoT Cloud
platform via a Wi-Fi network communication channel. This communication channel
enables the system to transfer data to the cloud platform in real-time, ensuring that the
data is always up-to-date. On the Arduino IoT Cloud platform, a widget-based dashboard
is created to monitor and control the system. The dashboard displays real-time data from
the sensors, providing users with a clear and concise overview of the system's
performance. Additionally, the dashboard includes various widgets that allow users to
control the system remotely. For example, users can remotely turn on or off certain
devices or set specific parameters to ensure the system operates within the desired range
[1]. 

3
The paper being referred to presents a project prototype that aims to demonstrate the
application of ZigBee technology in online monitoring and control of electrical systems.
This project can be implemented in various commercial buildings, substations, and other
similar facilities. Arduino is used as the primary controller, and different ZigBee devices
can be interfaced through XCTU. Additionally, a substation app has been developed by
MIT app developers to monitor the substation controlling parameters. The Node MCU is
a Wi-Fi module utilized to monitor and control the current and voltage in the current
transformer and voltage transformer, respectively. Temperature across the transformer is
also monitored through this module. With the use of ZigBee technology, this project
offers an efficient and cost-effective solution for online monitoring and control of
electrical systems, which can potentially result in better system performance and reduced
downtime[2].

The proposed work emphasizes the importance of the control system in the overall
process control. Specifically, it focuses on process control parameters such as
temperature, level, and flow, which are measured using corresponding sensors. The data
collected from these sensors represents the critical sensor data from the process. The
SCADA software used for monitoring and controlling these parameters can often be
expensive, so to reduce costs, the proposed work involves the design and implementation
of a low-cost open-source SCADA software. This software can effectively monitor and
control the above-mentioned parameters, providing an efficient and cost-effective
solution for process control in various industries. By utilizing this low-cost SCADA
software, industries can save a significant amount of money that would otherwise be
spent on expensive proprietary software while still achieving the necessary level of
process control [3].

The ability to monitor and control critical parameters is a crucial aspect of most industrial
processes. However, the traditional method of laying cables from various sensors and
actuators to monitoring stations can increase both the cost and complexity of the process.
This challenge has led to a growing need for wireless implementations that can enable
monitoring and control applications in a more cost-effective and efficient manner. In this
paper, a low-cost wireless temperature monitoring and control system is proposed. The

4
system is based on the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, which provides a
reliable and secure wireless connection between the sensors and the monitoring station.
The proposed system can measure temperature and control the temperature of the system
in real-time without the need for any additional cables or wiring. [4].

CHAPTER 3: WORK DONE

3.1 Block Diagram

Fig 3.1. Block Diagram

5
The above figure represents a block of communication hardware design. In general, the
block is divided into two parts as it is wireless. Each block consists of different equipment
units to support their respective functions. The device field block consists of sensors, a
power supply followed by a voltage regulator Arduino board, an Arduino shield for
ZigBee shield, and ZigBee modules. And other half consists of devices which include a
personal computer, ZigBee shield, and ZigBee module. The ZigBee module in the
system's, outside architecture will be used by these two blocks to communicate with one
another and the capacity to transmit and receive data. To carry out the data handover
operation, one block can alternatively function as a transmitter and receiver.
Electromagnetic waves are used for air medium to transmit data

The system is divided into two parts:

1: Hardware
2: Software
3.1.1 Hardware Section
 3.1.1.1 Components Required
 Arduino nano
 20x4 LCD display
 DS18B20 Temperature sensor
 Relays SV/SPDT
 Red LEDs
 Buzzer
 ZigBee
 Voltage Regulator Ic7805

 Arduino nano
 The Arduino Nano is a small Arduino board based on ATmega328P or
ATmega628 Microcontroller. The connectivity is the same as the Arduino UNO
board.

6
  The Nano board is defined as a
sustainable, small, consistent, and
flexible microc ontroller board. It is
small in size compared to the UNO
board. The Arduino Nano is
organized using the Arduino (IDE),
which can run on various platforms. Here, IDE stands for Integrated Development
Environment.

 The devices required to start our projects using the Arduino Nano board
are Arduino IDE and mini USB. The Arduino IDE software must be installed on
our respected laptops or desktop. The mini USB transfers the code from the
computer to the Arduino Nano board.

Fig 3.2 Arduino Nano

Technical Specifications

The technical specifications of the Arduino Nano board are:

 ATmega328P Microcontroller is from 8-bit AVR family

 Operating voltage is 5V
 Input voltage (Vin) is 7V to 12V
 Input/Output Pins are 22
 Analog i/p pins are 6 from A0 to A5
 Digital pins are 14
 Power consumption is 19 mA
 I/O pins DC Current is 40 mA
 Flash memory is 32 KB
7
  SRAM is 2 KB
 EEPROM is 1 KB
 CLK speed is 16 MHz
 Weight-7g
 Size of the printed circuit board is 18 X 45mm
 Supports three communications like SPI, IIC, & USART

 Arduino Nano Pin discription

 Power Pin (Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND): These pins are power pins
 RST Pin (Reset): This pin is used to reset the microcontroller
 Analog Pins (A0-A7): These pins are used to calculate the analog voltage
of the board within the range of 0V to 5V
 I/O Pins (Digital Pins from D0 – D13): These pins are used as an i/p
otherwise o/p pins. 0V & 5V
 Serial Pins (Tx, Rx): These pins are used to transmit & receive TTL serial
data.
 External Interrupts (2, 3): These pins are used to activate an interrupt.
 PWM (3, 5, 6, 9, 11): These pins are used to provide 8-bit of PWM
output.
 SPI (10, 11, 12, & 13): These pins are used for supporting SPI
communication.
 Inbuilt LED (13): This pin is used to activate the LED.
 IIC (A4, A5): These pins are used for supporting TWI communication.
 AREF: This pin is used to give reference voltage to the input voltage

8
 Fig 3.3 Pin diagram of Arduino nano

ZigBee Module
 ZigBee is a Personal Area Network task group with low rate task group 4. It is a
technology of home networking. ZigBee is a technological standard created for
controlling and sensing the network. As we know that ZigBee is the Personal Area
Network of task group 4 so it is based on IEEE 802.15.4 and is created by Zigbee
Alliance.  
 ZigBee is a standard that addresses the need for very low-cost implementation of
Low power devices with Low data rates for short-range wireless communications.

9
 Fig. 3.5 ZIGBEE module

General Characteristics of Zigbee Standard:

 Low Power Consumption

 Low Data Rate (20- 250 kbps)
 Short-Range (75-100 meters)
 Network Join Time (~ 30 msec)
 Support Small and Large Networks (up to 65000 devices (Theory); 240
devices (Practically))
 Low Cost of Products and Cheap Implementation (Open Source Protocol)
 Extremely low-duty cycle.
 3 frequency bands with 27 channels.

Technical Specifications

 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and
numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
 It can also display any custom-generated characters
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight

10
  DS18B20 temperature sensor
The DS18B20 is a temperature sensor shown in Fig 3 typically used to measure
temperature in harsh environments, such as those found in chemical solutions or
mines. It has a rigid compression and can be purchased with a waterproof option,
which simplifies the installation process.            
The temperature range sensed by the DS18B20 temperature sensor in this study is
from -55 to 68 degrees Celsius.

Fig. 3.7 DS18B20 temperature sensor

3.1.1.2 Circuit Diagram

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 Fig. 3.8 Circuit Diagram

The system in question is composed of several hardware components and software tools,
designed to perform specific tasks. At its core, it utilizes an Arduino Nano
microcontroller, which serves as a central hub for connecting and controlling the various
components of the system. The system is designed to monitor and control temperature
levels, using four temperature sensors that are connected to the analog pins of the Arduino
Nano. These sensors are responsible for detecting and measuring temperature levels in
different parts of the system and transmitting this data back to the Arduino Nano for
processing.

To control the temperature levels, the system also features four relays, which are
connected to the Arduino Nano. These relays can be used to turn on or off heating or
cooling systems, depending on the temperature readings received from the sensors.

To facilitate communication between the various components of the system, a pair of

ZigBee modules is used. One of these modules is connected to the hardware, allowing it

12
to read data from the PLC side on a continuous basis. The other module is connected to
the Arduino Nano, allowing it to transmit and receive data between the various
components of the system. The system also includes an LCD display, which serves as an
interface for displaying the temperature sensor values from all four sensors. This display
is connected to the Arduino Nano and is capable of displaying real-time temperature
readings, as well as other relevant information about the system. Finally, the system
includes a number of LEDs and a buzzer, which can be used to provide visual and audible
feedback about the status of the system. These components are also connected to the
Arduino Nano and can be programmed to provide alerts or other notifications based on
specific events or conditions in the system.

3.1.2 Software Section

The software is designed to control and monitor the PLC so that it can run properly and
efficiently. 

Zigbee is used in the system to communicate between the PLC and PC. The first ZigBee
is connected to one side of the PLC, and the second ZigBee is connected to the PC so that
data can be transmitted from the hardware side. There are certain temperature limits that
this system must adhere to in order for it to operate correctly; if these limits are exceeded
or surpassed, an alarm will sound and/or light up accordingly. In order to detect when one
of our furnace temperatures has increased or decreased as a result, developing SCADA
software using.Net. This software contains multiple sensor windows and one connection
window. From this connection window, connect SCADA systems through software to pc. 
This system needed four temperature sensors. Hence in the software, there are 4 windows
required that show any change in one of the temperatures. This means that if one of the
temperatures goes beyond a desired range and an alarm notification is sent to SCADA,
then our PC can detect which furnace temperature has crossed its range and take
appropriate action.

3.1.3 Working

13
3.1.3.1 Flow Chart

Fig Flow Chart of Monitoring System

 The hardware consists of main components temperature sensors, relays, LCD,

ZigBee, LEDs, and Buzzer.
 For this system we require different temperatures which can be monitored and
controlled via software.
 The temperature sensor has a certain limit of temperature. If it crosses the limit of
temperature the LED glows and at the same time, the buzzer gives the indication.

14
  Users will set industrial boiler temperature with minimum and maximum values
using computer SCADA software.
 For controlling and Monitoring the temperatures we have Scada software.
 The software will communicate with hardware using Zigbee. The ZigBee is
connected to the computer as well as the Arduino. Which is continuously
monitoring the temperature sensors.
 The microcontroller continuously read the value of the Boiler temperature and
displays it on LCD and SCADA software via Zigbee.
 If the temperature increases or decreases to the set value the system will generate
an Indication through LED and buzzer via relay, and alert the user.
 The incoming supply voltage is 12v but the components required 5v to regulate
the supply voltage the voltage regulator is used.

3.1.4 PCB Designing

Fig 3.12 PCB Schematic

Fig 3.12 PCB Layout

15
PCB designing is the process of creating the layout and design of a printed circuit board.
The general steps involved in the PCB designing process are:

 Schematic Capture: Creating a circuit diagram that represents the desired

electronic circuit.
 Component Placement: Placing the electronic components onto the PCB layout in
their desired positions and orientations.
 Routing: Creating the conductive pathways between the components on the PCB
layout.
 Design Rule Check: Checking the design to ensure that it complies with the
specifications and requirements of the PCB manufacturer.
 PCB Manufacturing: Sending the Gerber files to a PCB manufacturer who will
fabricate the physical PCB.
 Assembly: Soldering the electronic components onto the fabricated PCB.
 Testing: Verifying the functionality of the assembled electronic circuit.

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The proposed system is a wireless SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
system that is designed to monitor multiple boilers in an industry. Specifically, the system
is designed to monitor boilers used for juice, normal water, hot water, and hot steam,
respectively. The system is designed to alert the operator if the temperature of any of the
boilers goes beyond the set range of temperatures. This is accomplished by activating a
buzzer and displaying an alert on one of four different LED lights, depending on which
boiler is experiencing the issue. This system is important because it allows for real-time
monitoring of the temperature of multiple boilers, which is critical for ensuring their safe
and efficient operation. By alerting the operator to any temperature issues, the system
helps to prevent damage to the boilers, which can result in costly repairs or even the need
for replacement. Additionally, the system helps to ensure that the boilers are operating at
their optimal temperatures, which can improve their performance and efficiency. Overall,

16
the proposed system represents an important technological advancement in the field of
industrial boiler monitoring and control. By implementing a wireless SCADA system,
industries can ensure that their boilers are operating safely and efficiently, which can have
significant benefits in terms of cost savings and productivity.

Fig.4.1. Output of Hardware

Fig.4.2 Output of Software

Output Readings
Sr Furnace Live temperature(degree Lower limit Upper Indication

17
 no Celsius) limit
1) Juice 22 25 45 On(Alert)
2) Normal
26 25 45 Off
water
3) Hot water 60 25 45 0n(Alert)
4) Hot steam 40 25 45 off

Table 1. Output Readings from the system

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 Conclusion

A Zigbee-based SCADA system is a highly beneficial solution for controlling and

monitoring industrial processes. One of the key advantages of this system is that it is cost-
effective due to the elimination of complex wiring requirements. This helps to reduce
overall installation costs and make the system more accessible to smaller organizations.

In addition to its cost-effectiveness, a Zigbee-based SCADA system provides real-time

monitoring and can alert users when there are any issues. This helps to ensure that any
problems are addressed immediately, minimizing the risk of costly downtime or damage

18
to equipment. By providing real-time data, the system also enables users to identify
patterns and trends, allowing for more informed decision-making and improved process
control.

Another advantage of a Zigbee-based SCADA system is its ease of use. The system
allows for remote monitoring and control of industrial processes, meaning that users can
access the system from anywhere with an internet connection. This makes it easier to
monitor and control processes, even in remote or difficult-to-reach locations.
Additionally, the system can be easily customized to meet the specific needs of different
organizations and processes.

Overall, a Zigbee-based SCADA system represents a significant technological

advancement in the field of industrial process control and monitoring. By providing a
cost-effective, real-time monitoring and control solution that is easy to use and highly
customizable, the system can help organizations to improve their operational efficiency,
reduce costs, and ensure the safety and reliability of their industrial processes.

5.2 Future scope

Zigbee-based SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems offer several
advantages, such as low-power consumption, reliable communication, and easy
deployment. As technology continues to evolve, there are several potential future scope
areas for Zigbee-based SCADA systems, including:

 Integration with IoT Devices: The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly growing, and
there is a potential for Zigbee-based SCADA systems to integrate with IoT
devices. This integration can enhance the functionality of the system and enable
the collection of more data.

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  Use of Machine Learning: Machine learning can be used to analyze the data
collected by the Zigbee-based SCADA system. This can help in predictive
maintenance and fault detection.

 Security Enhancements: As SCADA systems are critical infrastructure, security is

paramount. Future scope can include the implementation of advanced security
features such as end-to-end encryption and blockchain-based security.

 Cloud-Based SCADA Systems: The adoption of cloud-based SCADA systems is

increasing, and Zigbee-based systems can be integrated with cloud-based systems
to offer additional benefits such as remote monitoring and management.

 Integration with 5G Networks: 5G networks are expected to revolutionize the way

we communicate and offer much faster data transfer speeds. Integration with 5G
networks can offer higher bandwidth and lower latency, enabling real-time data
transfer and better decision-making.

In summary, the future scope of Zigbee-based SCADA systems is vast, and advancements
in technology are expected to enhance the functionality of these systems.

REFERENCES

1. Cyprian N. Oton and M. Tariq Iqbal, “Low-Cost Open Source IoT-Based SCADA
System for a BTS Site Using ESP32 and Arduino IoT Cloud”, 2021 IEEE .

2. Puppala Rajendhar, P. Pavan Kumar and Venkatesh, “Zigbee based wireless

system for remote supervision and control of a substation”, 2017 International
Conference on Innovative Research In Electrical Sciences (IICIRES)

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3. R.Immanuel , Rajkumar and T.Jerry Alexander, Ponni Devi, “ZigBee Based
Design of Low Cost SCADA System for Industrial Process Applications” 2016
IEEE .

4. Saurav Paul and Sushant Narang,“Design of SCADA based Wireless Monitoring

and Control System using ZigBee” 2015 IEEE International Conference on
Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

5. Shashank G Hegde, Dr Santosh R Desai, Deshpande Rahul Gajanan, Sandeep B

Kowligi and Sachin RC, “Implementation of SCADA in industries using wireless
technologies”2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and
Control (ICIC) College of Engineering Pune.

6. Aung Naing Myint, “Design and Application of SCADA Based Control System
for Filling Process (Interfacing and Monitoring)”, MTU, Mandalay, Myanmar,
November 2007.

7. Michael P. Ward, An Architectural Framework For Describing Supervisory

Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems, by Publishing Monterey,
Calfornia,September 2004.

8. A. Romero Acero, A. Marin Cano and J. A. Jimenez Builes, "SCADA System for
Detection of Explosive Atmospheres in Underground Coal Mines Through
Wireless Sensor Network," in IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 12, no. 8,
pp. 1398-1403, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1109/TLA.2014.7014506.
9. G. Ravikumar, A. Nicklaus and M. Govindarasu, "Cyber-Physical Smart Light
Control System Integration with Smart Grid using Zigbee," 2020 IEEE Power &
Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT),
Washington, DC, USA, 2020, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ISGT45199.2020.9087775.

Social Utility

21
As the SCADA systems are very expensive due to the Ethernet cable as well as for the
complex PLC programming and for the maintenance, we required highly skilled
manpower which is not affordable for the small-scale industries to automate the processes
on small scale with modern technology. So it is best way to build very affordable and
simple SCADA system with less parameter as per requirement of the industry. The
proposed prototype is more useful for woman empowerment as they can open small
business with low budget as well as in limited manpower also reduced and productivity
by automation will increased, which will help in meeting the customers demand and
decrease the lack of productivity. This system can be very useful for the youngsters who
are willing to start a small business or Start-up, but due to the limited funding cannot
afford the highly expensive SCADA system.

CO- PO Mapping Table

22
List of Publications

23
 Sr. No. Authors Title of Paper Name of Place and date of
International Publication with
Journals / Citation Index
International
Conference
1 Megha Dorle, Zigbee-Based The 7th International SCAD College of
Simran Dongre, Wireless SCADA Conference on Engineering and
Abhijeet System Trends in Electronics Technology
Motghare, Ankit and Informatics Cheranmahadevi,
Harale, Tirunelveli, India
Shraddha
IEEE Publication
Sharma

APPENDIX

 Code
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
const int rs = 7, en = 6, d4 = 5, d5 = 4,
d6 = 3, d7 = 2;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6,
d7);
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS_1 11
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS_2 10
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS_3 9
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS_4 8

OneWire
oneWire_1(ONE_WIRE_BUS_1);
DallasTemperature sensors_1(&oneWire_1);
OneWire oneWire_2(ONE_WIRE_BUS_2);

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DallasTemperature sensors_2(&oneWire_2);
OneWire oneWire_3(ONE_WIRE_BUS_3);
DallasTemperature sensors_3(&oneWire_3);
OneWire oneWire_4(ONE_WIRE_BUS_4);
DallasTemperature sensors_4(&oneWire_4);
int Celcius_1 = 0;
int Celcius_2 = 0;
int Celcius_3 = 0;
int Celcius_4 = 0;

#define Relay_1 A0
#define Relay_2 A1
#define Relay_3 A2
#define Relay_4 A3
#define Buzzer 13

String readString;
String data;
String code;
String temp;

int ind1;
int ind2;
int code_1 = 1;
int code_2 = 2;
int code_3 = 3;
int code_4 = 4;
int code_5 = 5;

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int code_6 = 6;
int code_7 = 7;
int code_8 = 8;

int temp_1 = 25;

int temp_2 = 40;
int temp_3 = 25;
int temp_4 = 40;
int temp_5 = 25;
int temp_6 = 40;
int temp_7 = 25;
int temp_8 = 40;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(1000);
Serial.print("wait");
lcd.begin(20, 4);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("THE SCADA ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("SYSTEM ");

sensors_1.begin();
sensors_2.begin();
sensors_3.begin();
sensors_4.begin();

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 pinMode(Relay_1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Relay_2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Relay_3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Relay_4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Buzzer, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(Relay_1, LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(Buzzer , LOW);
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
if (Serial.available() >0) {
char c = (Serial.read());
if (c == '*') {
ind1 = readString.indexOf(',');
code = readString.substring(0, ind1);

ind2 = readString.indexOf(ind1+1);
temp = readString.substring(ind1+1);

int int_code = code.toInt();

lcd.clear();
//Serial.print("code: "+String(int_code));
//lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

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//lcd.print("code:"+String(int_code));
//Serial.println("");
//Serial.print("temp: "+String(int_temp));
//lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
//lcd.print("temp:"+String(int_temp));
//Serial.println("");
if(code_1 == int_code){
temp_1 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T1:"+String(temp_1));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_2 == int_code){
temp_2 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T2:"+String(temp_2));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_3 == int_code){
temp_3 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T3:"+String(temp_3));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_4 == int_code){
temp_4 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T4:"+String(temp_4));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_5 == int_code){
temp_5 = int_temp;

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 //Serial.print("T5:"+String(temp_5));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_6 == int_code){
temp_6 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T6:"+String(temp_6));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_7 == int_code){
temp_7 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T7:"+String(temp_7));
//Serial.println("");
}
else if(code_8 == int_code){
temp_8 = int_temp;
//Serial.print("T8:"+String(temp_8));
//Serial.println("");
}
}
else{
readString += c;
}
}
sensors_1.requestTemperatures();
Celcius_1 = sensors_1.getTempCByIndex(0);

sensors_2.requestTemperatures();
Celcius_2 = sensors_2.getTempCByIndex(0);

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 sensors_3.requestTemperatures();
Celcius_3 = sensors_3.getTempCByIndex(0);

sensors_4.requestTemperatures();
Celcius_4 = sensors_4.getTempCByIndex(0);
Serial.println(("A")+String(Celcius_1)+String("B")+String(Celcius_2)+String("C")
+String(Celcius_3)+String("D")+String(Celcius_4));

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("T1:"+String(Celcius_1));
lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
lcd.print("T2:"+String(Celcius_2));
lcd.setCursor(12, 0);
lcd.print("T3:"+String(Celcius_3));
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("T4:"+String(Celcius_4));
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("S1:"+String(temp_1)+String("-")+String(temp_2));
lcd.setCursor(9, 2);
lcd.print("S2:"+String(temp_3)+String("-")+String(temp_4));
lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
lcd.print("S3:"+String(temp_5)+String("-")+String(temp_6));
lcd.setCursor(9, 3);
lcd.print("S4:"+String(temp_7)+String("-")+String(temp_8));
if(Celcius_1 <= temp_1 || Celcius_1 >= temp_2 ){
digitalWrite(Buzzer , HIGH);
digitalWrite(Relay_1, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
30
 lcd.print("ALERT!!");
delay(1000);
}
else{
digitalWrite(Buzzer , LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_1, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
}
if(Celcius_2 <= temp_3 || Celcius_2 >= temp_4 ){
digitalWrite(Buzzer , HIGH);
digitalWrite(Relay_2, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print("ALERT!!");
delay(1000);
}
else{
digitalWrite(Buzzer , LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_2, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
}
if(Celcius_3 <= temp_5 || Celcius_3 >= temp_6 ){
digitalWrite(Buzzer , HIGH);
digitalWrite(Relay_3, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print("ALERT!!");
delay(1000);

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 }
else{
digitalWrite(Buzzer , LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_3, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
}
if(Celcius_4 <= temp_7 || Celcius_4 >= temp_8 ){
digitalWrite(Buzzer , HIGH);
digitalWrite(Relay_4, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print("ALERT!!");
delay(1000);
}
else{
digitalWrite(Buzzer , LOW);
digitalWrite(Relay_4, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
}
}

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Project group information

Name: Abhijeet P. Motghare

Mobile No: 8788315753
Email Id:abhimotghare9561@gmail.com

Name : Ankit Harale

Mobile No : 7038287283
Email Id : ankitharale21@gmail.com

Name: Simran Dongre

Mobile No:9309855894
Email Id : dongresimran8@gmail.com

Name: Shradda Sharma

Mobile No:7776804576
Email Id : shraddha4540@gmail.com

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