Pragramme Name : Computer Engineering Academic Year : 2023-2024

Program Code : CO4I

Course Name: Data Communication and Computer Semester : IV

Network
Course Code : 22414

A STUDY ON

TCP IP Reference Point

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in April 2023 by the group of 5 students

Sr. Enrollment Exam Seat

Roll No Full name of Student
No No No
1 34 Tanmay Sanjay Jirekar 2100590081
2 38 Yuvraj Chetan Joshi 2100590085
3 56
4 60 Rohit Narendra More 2100590110
5 61 Soham Rajendra More 2100590111

Under the Guidance

of
Prof. Ratna Patil
in
Three Years Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) ISO 9001: 2008 (ISO/IEC-27001:2013)
at
0059 - Shri Shivaji Vidya Prasarak Sanstha’s
Bapusaheb Shivajirao Deore Polytechnic,Vidyanagari, Deopur, Dhule-424005.
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that ,

Sr. Enrollment Exam Seat

Roll No Full name of Student
No No No
1 34 Tanmay Sanjay Jirekar 2100590081
2 38 Yuvraj Chetan Joshi 2100590085
3 56
4 60 Rohit Narendra More 2100590110
5 61 Soham Rajendra More 2100590111

students of Third Semester, Diploma Programme in Engineering &

Technology at 0059 - Shri Shivaji Vidya Prasarak Sanstha’s Bapusaheb

Shivajirao Deore Polytechnic- Dhule, has completed the Micro Project

satisfactorily in Subject Data Communication and Computer Network (22414)

in the academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum of I

Scheme.

Place: Dhule
Date : / / 2023

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institute
Part A: Micro Project Proposal
Title: TCP IP Reference Point
1.0 Introduction:
The TCP/IP which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the set of
communication protocols used in the internet and similar computer networks. It provides end-to-end
data communication. It specifies all the processes involved in end-to-end data communication which
includes packetizing, addressing, routing, transmission. It contains four layers and all the
functionalities are organized in these four layers. The four layers are shown in the diagram below.

2.0 Aim of the Topic: To Study the TCP IC Reference model.

3.0 Course Outcome:

The theory, practical experiences and relevant soft skills associated with this course are to be taught
and implemented, so that the student demonstrates the following industry oriented COs associated with
the above mentioned competency:
a. Analyse the function of data communication and computer network.
b. Analyse the working of TCP IP reference model.
c. Study different TCP/IP services.

4.0 Proposal Methodology :

5.0 Resource Required :
Sr. No Name of Resource / Material Specification Qty
1. Computer system with broad 11th Gen Intel(R)
specifications . Core(TM) i5-
1135G7 @ 2.40GHz
2.42 GHz
2. Software Ms Word & Google
Chrome

6.0 Action Plan :

Sr. No. Details of Activity Planned Planned finish Name of team
Start Date Date Members
1. Define problem of project
2. Gather the requirement
3. Designing the microproject
4. Coding
5. Testing
6. Documentation
Part B : Micro Project Report

1.0 Summary :
The TCP/IP Reference Model is a conceptual model used to describe the communication protocols
used on the Internet. It consists of four layers:

Application layer: This layer is responsible for providing services to end-users, such as email, file
transfer, and web browsing.

Transport layer: This layer ensures that data is reliably transferred between endpoints by providing
services like error detection, flow control, and congestion control. The most commonly used
protocols at this layer are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).

Internet layer: This layer is responsible for routing data between networks. It uses the Internet
Protocol (IP) to send packets of data from one network to another.

Link layer: This layer is responsible for transmitting data over a physical network. It includes
protocols that define how data is transmitted over Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and other types of physical
networks.
The TCP/IP Reference Model is widely used in networking, and many of the protocols used on the
Internet today, such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP, are built on top of this model.

2.0 Course Action Address :

3.0 Actual Methodology :
There are 4 main layers as , Application layer , Transport layer , Internet layer , Link layer.

1. Application Layer :
The Application layer in the TCP/IP reference model is responsible for providing services to end-users and
applications. It contains protocols and interfaces that enable communication between applications and the
network.
The Application layer includes a wide range of protocols and services that are used for different purposes.
Some of the most common protocols at this layer include:

i. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): This protocol is used for transferring data over the World
Wide Web. It is used by web browsers and servers to communicate with each other and transfer web
pages and other content.
 ii. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): This protocol is used for transferring files between devices over the
network. It is commonly used for uploading and downloading files from remote servers.
iii. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): This protocol is used for sending and receiving email
messages over the Internet.
iv. DNS (Domain Name System): This protocol is used to translate domain names (such as
www.example.com) into IP addresses that can be used to locate web servers and other network
resources.
v. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): This protocol is used to automatically assign IP
addresses to devices on a network.

The Application layer also includes interfaces and APIs that allow developers to build their own
applications that can communicate with the network. For example, a developer could use the Application
layer to build a custom messaging app that uses the SMTP protocol to send messages between users.

2. Transport layer :
The Transport layer in the TCP/IP reference model is responsible for providing reliable end-to-end
communication between applications running on different devices. It ensures that data is transmitted
correctly and efficiently, and manages congestion control to prevent network overload.

The most commonly used protocols in the Transport layer are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and
UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications. It establishes a
connection between two devices, and data is transmitted in segments that are reassembled at the receiving
end.

TCP also provides flow control to ensure that the sending device does not overwhelm the receiving device
with too much data at once. If any segments are lost or damaged in transit, TCP retransmits them to ensure
that all data is received correctly.

UDP, on the other hand, is a simpler protocol that does not provide reliable delivery or flow control. It is
used for applications that require fast transmission of data and can tolerate some loss or errors, such as real-
time video streaming or online gaming.

3. Internet Layer :
The Internet layer is the third layer in the TCP/IP reference model and is responsible for routing packets of
data between networks. It provides logical addressing, fragmentation, and reassembly of data packets, and
determines the best path for data to travel across different networks.
The Internet layer uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to send packets of data, which are known as IP packets. An
IP packet contains both the source and destination addresses, as well as the data being transmitted. When a
packet is sent from one device to another, it may pass through multiple networks before it reaches its final
destination.

The Internet layer is responsible for determining the best path for data to travel across these networks. This
process is called routing and is based on the destination IP address of the packet. The routers that make up
the Internet use routing tables to determine the best path for the packet to take.

The Internet layer also provides fragmentation and reassembly of packets. If the data being transmitted is
too large to fit into a single packet, the Internet layer can break it up into smaller packets that can be
transmitted separately. At the receiving end, the Internet layer reassembles the packets into the original data.

4. Link Layer :
The Link layer is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP reference model and is responsible for transmitting data
over a physical network. It includes protocols that define how data is transmitted over Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and
other types of physical networks.

The Link layer is responsible for providing reliable transmission of data across the physical network. This
involves converting the packets of data sent by the Internet layer into frames that can be transmitted over the
physical network. The Link layer also provides error detection and correction to ensure that data is
transmitted correctly and efficiently.

There are many different Link layer protocols, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Each protocol
defines how data is transmitted over a specific type of physical network, and includes rules for how devices
communicate with each other and how collisions are handled.

The Link layer also includes the Media Access Control (MAC) address, which is a unique identifier
assigned to each device on a network. The MAC address is used by the Link layer to ensure that data is
transmitted to the correct device on the network.
5.0 Actual resources used :
i. MS Word.
ii. Google for Reference.

6.0 Skills developed :

7.0 Application of Micro project :

 To Create database for a school and manipulate and manage the data.