Soal latihan untuk forum diskusi 3-2 (Force and motion AND Energy and Work)

Verifikasi jawaban dari setiap soal berikut (10 soal)

1. A car travels east at constant velocity. The net force on the car is:
A) east
B) west
C) up
D) down
E) zero
From Newton's second law we know that, F=ma, where F is the force and a is the acceleration.
Again, acceleration a is the rate of change of velocity. As velocity is constant, a=0 ; So, F=0

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
2. A constant force of 8.0 N is exerted for 4.0 s on a 16-kg object initially at rest. The change in
speed of this object will be:
A) 0.5 m/s
B) 2 m/s

C) 4 m/s
D) 8 m/s
E) 32 m/s

Ans: B
Difficulty: M
3. Two blocks are connected by a string and pulley as shown. Assuming that the string and
pulley are massless, the magnitude of the acceleration of each block is:

A) 0.049 m/s2
B) 0.020 m/s2
C) 0.0098 m/s2
D) 0.54 m/s2
E) 0.98 m/s2

Ans: E
Difficulty: M

4. A 13-N weight and a 12-N weight are connected by a massless string over a massless,
frictionless pulley. The 13-N weight has a downward acceleration with magnitude equal to that
of a freely falling body times:
A) 1
B) 1/12
C) 1/13
D) 1/25
E) 13/25

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
5. A ball with a weight of 1.5 N is thrown at an angle of 30 above the horizontal with an initial
speed of 12 m/s. At its highest point, the net force on the ball is:
A) 9.8 N, 30 below horizontal
B) zero
C) 9.8 N, up
D) 9.8 N, down
E) 1.5 N, down
In a projectile motion, when the object is at the maximum height only the gravitational force
acts on it as the net force as there is only the gravitational acceleration acting on it in the
downward direction. From this, it can be concluded that option E is correct.

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
6. A crate rests on a horizontal surface and a woman pulls on it with a 10-N force. Rank the
situations shown below according to the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the surface on
the crate, least to greatest.
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 2, 3, 1
D) 1, 3, 2
E) 3, 2, 1
Ans: E
Difficulty: E
7. Two objects, one having three times the mass of the other, are dropped from the same height
in a vacuum. At the end of their fall, their velocities are equal because:
A) anything falling in vacuum has constant velocity
B) all objects reach the same terminal velocity
C) the acceleration of the larger object is three times greater than that of the smaller object
D) the force of gravity is the same for both objects
E) none of the above
Solution - Since there is no resistance in the vacuum, the acceleration of the falling objects
will be equivalent to the gravitational pull. Thus, the velocity is not constant in a vacuum. Also,
there is no terminal velocity in the case of vacuum as there is no resisting force to the free fall.
Thus, the options A, B, and C are incorrect. Although the force of gravity is the same for both
objects, this is a general phenomenon and does not fit as the perfect reason that can justify the
equal magnitude of velocities at the end of the fall. Therefore, option D is also incorrect. The
correct reason is that velocity is not the function of mass, it is the function of acceleration. And,
the acceleration, in this case, will be equivalent because there is no resisting force and the
gravitational pull is equivalent to the acceleration of both objects. Thus, option E is correct.

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
8. A lead block is suspended from your hand by a string. The reaction to the force of gravity on
the block is the force exerted by the:
A) string on the block
B) block on the string
C) string on the hand
D) hand on the string
E) block on the Earth
By law of Gravitation, If the Earth pulls the body with gravitational force F, body pulls the Earth with
same force F. So, reaction of force on block due to the Earth is force on Earth due to the block.

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
9. A 5-kg concrete block is lowered with a downward acceleration of 2.8 m/s2 by means of a
rope. The force of the block on the Earth is:
A) 14 N, up
B) 14 N, down
C) 35 N, up
D) 35 N, down
E) 49 N, up

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
10. A 5-kg concrete block is lowered with a downward acceleration of 2.8 m/s2 by means of a
rope. The force of the block on the rope is:
A) 14 N, up
B) 14 N, down
C) 35 N, up
D) 35 N, down

E) 49 N, up

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
11. At time t = 0 a 2-kg particle has a velocity in m/s of (4 m/s)iˆ  (3 m/s) ˆj.proportional to t
ˆ ˆ
At t = 3 s its velocity is (2 m/s)i  (3 m/s) j. During this time the work done on it was:
A) 4 J
B) –4 J
C) –12 J
D) –40 J
E) (4 J)iˆ  (36 J) ˆjproportional to 1 t

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
12. A particle starts from rest at time t = 0 and moves along the x axis. If the net force on it is
proportional to t, its kinetic energy is proportional to:
A) t
B) t2
C) t4

D) 1/t2
E) none of the above

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
13. The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis changes from vi to vf. For which values of
vi and vf is the total work done on the particle positive?
A) vi = 5m/s, vf = 2m/s
B) vi = 5m/s, vf = –2m/s
C) vi = –5m/s, vf = –2m/s
D) vi = –5m/s, vf = 2m/s
E) vi = –2m/s, vf = –5m/s

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
14. A good example of kinetic energy is provided by:
A) a wound-up clock spring
B) the raised weights of a grandfather's clock
C) a tornado
The wounding of the clock spring is an example of spring energy, the weight being lifted is
an example of potential energy as the motion is only perpendicular to the horizontal surface, and
the gasoline and storage battery is an example of chemical energy. Thus the moving tornado is
the perfect example of kinetic energy. Therefore option C is correct.
D) a gallon of gasoline
E) an automobile storage battery

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
15. No kinetic energy is possessed by:
A) a shooting star
B) a rotating propeller on a moving airplane
C) a pendulum at the bottom of its swing
D) an elevator standing at the fifth floor
Kinetic energy is possessed by virtue of its motion. The moving object can have a certain
amount of kinetic energy within it. If the object is under the rest condition, the kinetic energy
associated with the object is zero, and vice versa.Thus, the elevator standing on a particular floor
will have zero kinetic energy. Hence, the correct option is (D).

E) a cyclone

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
16. The wound spring of a clock possesses:
A) kinetic but no potential energy
B) potential but no kinetic energy
C) both potential and kinetic energy in equal amonts
The wound watch is merely a mechanical timepiece. A mechanical watch operates without a
battery or a circuit, in contrast to the digital watches that are commonly used. The spring gains
potential energy after being appropriately coiled by the person, which is then transported back
and forth among the barrel as well as the escapement assembly. The coiled watch spring,
therefore, possesses potential energy. Hence, option C is correct.
D) neither potential nor kinetic energy
E) both potential and kinetic energy, but more kinetic energy than potential energy

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
17. A body at rest in a system is capable of doing work if:
A) the potential energy of the system is positive
B) the potential energy of the system is is negative
C) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease its kinetic energy
D) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease the potential energy of the system
E) it is free to move in such a way as to increase the potential energy of the system

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
18. A force on a particle is conservative if:
A) its work equals the change in the kinetic energy of the particle
When the force acting on a particle is conservative, therefore the force's work depends on the
endpoints and is zero when the particle finishes one rotation of the closed route. However, work
does not actually equal change in kinetic energy because other non-conservative forces are also
at work. Furthermore, it violates Newton's second and third laws. Additionally, it has nothing to
do with frictional force. Therefore, choice A is right.
B) it obeys Newton's second law
C) it obeys Newton's third law
D) its work depends on the end points of the motion, not this the path between
E) it is not a frictional force

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
19. A golf ball is struck by a golf club and falls on a green eight feet above the tee. The potential
energy of the Earth-ball system is greatest:
A) just before the ball is struck
B) just after the ball is struck
C) just after the ball lands on the green
D) when the ball comes to rest on the green
E) when the ball reaches the highest point in its flight

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
20. A 2-kg block is thrown upward from a point 20 m above the Earth's surface. At what height
above Earth's surface will the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-block system have
increased by 500 J?
A) 5 m
B) 25 m
C) 46 m

D) 70 m
E) 270 m

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
21. The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system of objects is conserved:
A) only when no external force acts on the objects
B) only when the objects move along closed paths
C) only when the work done by the resultant external force is zero
Kinetic energy and potential energy together make up a system's total mechanical energy.
When the total work performed by the resulting external force is zero, the total is conserved.
Since no further energy loss has been noticed, it is still conserved. Hence option C is correct.
D) always
E) none of the above

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
22. A 0.20-kg particle moves along the x axis under the influence of a stationary object. The
potential energy is given by
 U(x) = (8.0J/m2)x2 + (2.0J/m4)x4,

where x is in coordinate of the particle. If the particle has a speed of 5.0 m/s when it is at x = 1.0
m, its speed when it is at the origin is:
A) 0
B) 2.5 m/s
C) 5.7 m/s
D) 7.9 m/s
E) 11 m/s

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
23. A ball is held at a height H above a floor. It is then released and falls to the floor. If air
resistance can be ignored, which of the five graphs below correctly gives the mechanical energy
E of the Earth-ball system as a function of the altitude y of the ball?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Ans: E
Difficulty: E