Key Concept

Systems are sets of interacting or interdependent components. Systems provide structure and order in human, natural and built
environments. Systems can be static or dynamic, simple or complex.

Energy, Transformation

Statement of Inquiry
Our dependence on a system consisting of multiple energy transformation that provide us with the resources to survive.
Translocation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtuX7H05tmQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXdujo4PZ7c

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kv_0udatlh8
Gas exchange in plants
The exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well
as the loss of water vapor in
transpiration) occurs through
pores called stomata (singular =
stoma). Normally stomata open
when the light strikes the leaf in
the morning and close during the
night
 Xylem

Xylem cells have no

cytoplasm or end walls,
meaning they form a tube
through which water can
pass freely to allow water
transport. Lignin
strengthens the cell
walls, helping to support
the plant.
Phloem cells
The cells that make up
the phloem are adapted
to their function: Sieve
tubes - specialised for
transport and have no
nuclei . Each sieve tube
has a perforated end so
its cytoplasm connects
one cell to the next.
Sucrose and amino acids
are translocated within
the living cytoplasm of
the sieve tubes.
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and
other organism to convert light energy, normally
from the sun into chemical energy that can be
used to fuel the organism activities.
Carbohydrates such as sugars, are synthesized
from carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is also
released, mostly as a waste product. Most plants
and cyanobacteria perform the process of
photosynthesis and are called photoautotroph.
Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen
levels and supplies all of the organic
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Autotrophic Process: Plants and plant-like
organisms make their energy (glucose) from
sunlight.
Stored as carbohydrate in their bodies.
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight 🡪 C6H12O6 + 6O2
Why is Photosynthesis
important?
• Makes organic molecules
(glucose) out of inorganic
materials (carbon dioxide and
water).
• It begins all food chains/webs.
Thus all life is supported by this
process.
Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
• Plants use sunlight to turn water
and carbon dioxide into glucose.
Glucose is a kind of sugar.
• Plants use glucose as food for
energy and as a building block for
growing.
• Autotrophs make glucose and
heterotrophs are consumers of it.
 Photosynthesi
s
sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water glucose +
oxygen absorbed by chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the

wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon dioxide.
Plants in Action
Check it!
What is the
process
that uses
the sun’s
energy to
make
simple
sugars?
Remember …The concept of the limiting factor
External factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis

1. LIGHT
2. TEMPERATURE
3. CARBON DIOXIDE GAS
4. WATER
5. MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS