DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

College of Engineering and Technology
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203

MINI PROJECT REPORT

EVEN Semester, 2022-23

Lab code & Name : 18ECC201J- Analog Electronic Circuits

Year & Semester : II Year, IV semester

Project Title : CLAPP OSCILLATOR

Course Teacher : Ms. A. Ramya

Assistant professor
Electronics and Communication Department

Team Members : ROHAN GARG (RA2111004010007)

SURENDRA REDDY(RA2111004010008)
PRANAV MOGHE(RA2111004010009)

Reg. No
RA211100 RA211100 RA211100
Mark split up 4010007 4010008 4010009
Novelty in the project work
(2 marks)
Level of understanding of the design
formula (4 marks)
Contribution to the project
(2 Marks)
Report writing (2 Marks)

Total (10 Marks)

Date: Signature of Course Teacher

 CLAPP OSCILLATOR

OBJECTIVE:

To design and set up a Clapp oscillator using BJT and to observe the sinusoidal output
waveform.
ABSTRACT:

A Clapp oscillator is in effect a series tuned version of the Colpitts oscillator. The Clapp
oscillator is much like a Colpitts oscillator with the capacitive voltage divider producing
feedback signal.The addition of a capacitor C3 in series with the inductor L1 results in the
difference in the two designs and distinguishes the Clapp Oscillator from the Colpitts and
Hartley configurations. As with all oscillators,the Barkhausen criteria must be adhered to
requiring a total gain of one and a phase shift of zero degrees from input to output. The
frequency of oscillation can be calculated in the same way as any resonant circuit, using:

INTRODUCTION:

Clapp oscillators are commonly used in RF and microwave systems for frequency
generation such as in local oscillators for radio receivers and transmitters, signal generators,
and frequency synthesizers.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT/DESCRIPTION:

Transistor 2N3904
Inductor 10uH,100uH
Resistors 100 ohm, 1 k ohm, 10k ohm,

Capacitor 4.7nF,0.1uf,1nf,10nf

CIRCUIT/COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS:

Supply voltage (VCC) 0-5 v

Conversion efficiency (maximum) 78.5%
Operating temperature 0 to 70 °C
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DESIGN FORMULA:

Ignoring the transistor capacitive effect between the base and collector, the resonant frequency
may be calculated using the total equivalent capacitance (CTOT) given by:

Figure 1 shows a typical Clapp oscillator. The frequency determining series resonant tuned
circuit is formed by L1 and CTOT and is used as the collector load impedance of the common
base amplifier Q1. A large inductance, L2, provides a DC path for the collector current while
presenting a high impedance at the resonate frequency. This gives the amplifier a high gain only
at the resonant frequency. This configuration of the Hartley oscillator uses a common base
amplifier, the base of Q1is biased to an appropriate DC level by resistor divider R1 and R2 but is
connected directly to an AC ground by C4. In the common base mode the output voltage
waveform at the collector, and the input signal at the emitter are in phase. This ensures that the
fraction of the output signal from the node between C1 and C2, fed back from the tuned collector
load to the emitter provides the required positive feedback. The combination of C1and C2 also
forms a low frequency time constant with the emitter resistor R3 to provide an average DC
voltage level proportional to the amplitude of the feedback signal at the emitter of Q1. This
provides automatic control of the gain of the amplifier to give the closed loop gain of 1 required
by the oscillator. The emitter resistor R3 is not decoupled because the emitter node is used as the
common base amplifier input. The base is connected to AC ground by C4, which will provide a
very low reactance at the oscillator frequency.
DESIGN ISSUES:

The limitations of a Clapp oscillator include its relatively high output impedance, which
may require impedance matching to interface with other circuits, and its sensitivity to
parasitic capacitance, which can degrade frequency stability and tuning range.

APPROACH / PROCEDURE / METHODOLOGY:

Having finished construction the Clapp oscillator check that the circuit is oscillating
correctly by turning on both the + and - 5 V power supplies and connecting one of the
oscilloscope channels to the output terminal. It may be found that the value of R3 is fairly
critical, producing either a large distorted waveform or an intermittent low or no output. To
find the best value for R3, it could be replaced by a 1 KΩ potentiometer for
experimentation to find the value that gives the best wave shape and reliable amplitude.

A plot example using R1=10KΩ, R2=1KΩ, R3=100Ω, L1=100uH, L2=10uH, C1=1nF,

C2=4.7nF, C3=10nF is presented in Figure 4.

TABULATION

AMPLITUDE TIME PERIOD FREQUENCY

800mv 2.6us 385Khz

RESULTS: The experiment was successfully executed and the output was verified.
CONCLUSIONS:

Thus a Clapp oscillator is designed and can be used in RF and microwave systems for
frequency generation, such as in local oscillators for radio receivers and
transmitters, signal generators, and frequency synthesizers.

REFERENCES:
https://studylib.net/doc/18253021/experiment-9--the-clapp-oscillator

APPENDIX:

INDUCTOR(10UH) :

An inductor is a passive component that is used in most power electronic circuits to store energy in
the form of magnetic energy when electricity is applied to it. One of the key properties of an
inductor is that it impedes or opposes any change in the amount of current flowing through it.

CAPACITOR ( 10nF ) :

Capacitor is a passive component used to store charge. The charge (q) stored in a capacitor
is the product of its capacitance (C) value and the voltage (V) applied to it. Capacitors offer
infinite reactance to zero frequency so they are used for blocking DC components or
bypassing the AC signals.
 TRANSISTOR ( 2N3904 )

A transistor is a miniature semiconductor that regulates or controls current or voltage flow

in addition amplifying and generating these electrical signals and acting as a switch/gate
for them.

RESISTOR ( 10K Ohm)

Resistor passive electrical component with two terminals that are used for either limiting or
regulating the flow of electric current in electrical circuits.
PROJECT PHOTO

GROUP PHOTO
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