Structural Analysis TC50312E

Ali Bahadori-Jahromi PhD, MSc, BEng, CEng, FICE

Professor of Civil Engineering & Course Leader
 8 Compression members
1Introduction
2 Eurocodes
3 Loads
4 Limit State
5 Loads on
Individual
Elements
6 Structural
Mechanics
7 Design of
Beams
8Compression
Members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
 8 Compression members
1Introduction 1.8 Compression Members
2 Eurocodes • Compression members are those elements within a structure
3 Loads that primarily resist compressive forces.
4 Limit State • The most obvious examples in a building are the main vertical
5 Loads on support members to the roof and floors, and other examples are
Individual certain components of trusses or bracing systems.
Elements
6 Structural Different names are given to the vertical support elements in
Mechanics different materials.
7 Design of
Beams
Structural material Name given to vertical support element
8Compression
Members Timber Post or stud
9 Material Reinforced concrete Column
Properties
Steelwork Stanchion
10 Summary
Masonry Wall or pier
1Introduction The vertical loads compression members support can be
2 Eurocodes • concentric
3 Loads
• eccentric
4 Limit State
5 Loads on If the load is concentric its line of application coincides with the
Individual neutral axis (NA) of the member. Such compression members are
Elements
said to be axially loaded and the stress induced is a direct
6 Structural
Mechanics compressive stress.
7 Design of
Beams
Direct compressive stress =
8Compression
Members (Axial force)/(Cross-section area)
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
1Introduction Modes of failure for compression members
2 Eurocodes
3 Loads
– material crushing due to direct compression
4 Limit State
5 Loads on – buckling due to combination of direct compression and
Individual compressive bending stresses
Elements
6 Structural
Mechanics
7 Design of
Beams
8Compression
Members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
1Introduction
Different words are used to describe compression members in
2 Eurocodes relation to their mode of failure
3 Loads
4 Limit State Predominant mode of failure Classification
5 Loads on
Individual Material crushing Short or stocky
Elements
Buckling Long or slender
6 Structural
Mechanics
7 Design of
Beams
8Compression
Members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
1Introduction • Since long columns fail due to a combination of crushing
2 Eurocodes and lateral buckling, the permissible stress is related to their
3 Loads slenderness.
4 Limit State • Slenderness depends on the column height, its cross-
5 Loads on sectional geometry, and how it is held at the top and
Individual bottom.
Elements
• The factor which governs the permissible stress of a long
6 Structural
Mechanics
column is its slenderness ratio λ. This is the ratio of the
effective length to the radius of gyration of the column.
7 Design of
Beams
8Compression
Members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary

𝐼
Radius of gyration = 𝐴
1Introduction The effective length of a column is controlled by its support
2 Eurocodes condition.
3 Loads
4 Limit State
5 Loads on
Individual
Elements
6 Structural
Mechanics
7 Design of
Beams
8Compression
Members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
 9 Material Properties
1Introduction • Structural design is carried out using characteristic values of
2 Eurocodes material strength and stiffness.
3 Loads • As mentioned in Section 4, the design of individual structural
4 Limit State
elements is carried out using partial safety factors for material
5 Loads on
Individual
strength, denoted by γ m .
Elements • The value of γ m to be used varies depending on the material in
6 Structural use.
Mechanics
7 Design of
Beams
8Compression
Members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
 10 Summary
1Introduction Use of a methodical procedure for structural design will minimise
2 Eurocodes the chance of error. This procedure can be summarised by the
3 Loads following steps:
4 Limit State
5 Loads on
Individual (a) Evaluate the loads acting on the structure.
Elements
(b) Determine the loads acting on the individual structural
6 Structural
Mechanics elements.
7 Design of (c) Calculate the forces, shears and bending moments
Beams induced in each member by the loads.
8Compression
Members (d) Design the members
9 Material
Properties
10 Summary
Thank you for your attention