Upstream
Technology
Group
ISSUE 1
SEPTEMBER 1999
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Contents
Authorisation for Issue
Preface
Amendment Summary
Section 1 Introduction
1.1 About this Handbook
1.2 Directional Survey and Value Addition
1.3 The Design-Execute Principle
Section 2 Policy and Standards
2.1 Drilling and Well Operations Policy
2.2 Policy Expectations
2.3 Standard Practices
Section 3 Theory
3.1 Surface Positioning
3.2 The Earth’s Magnetic Field
3.3 Position Uncertainty
3.4 Position Uncertainty Calculations
Section 4 Methods
4.1 Multi-Well Development Planning
4.2 Survey Program Design
4.3 Anti-Collision – Recommended Practice
4.4 Anti-Collision – Selected Topics
4.5 Target Analysis
4.6 Survey Calculation
4.7 In-Hole Referencing
4.8 In-Field Referencing
4.9 Drill-String Magnetic Interference
4.10
4.10 Su
Surv
rvey
ey Da
Data
ta Co
Comp
mpar
aris
ison
on
September 1999 Issue 1 i
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Contents
Authorisation for Issue
Preface
Amendment Summary
Section 1 Introduction
1.1 About this Handbook
1.2 Directional Survey and Value Addition
1.3 The Design-Execute Principle
Section 2 Policy and Standards
2.1 Drilling and Well Operations Policy
2.2 Policy Expectations
2.3 Standard Practices
Section 3 Theory
3.1 Surface Positioning
3.2 The Earth’s Magnetic Field
3.3 Position Uncertainty
3.4 Position Uncertainty Calculations
Section 4 Methods
4.1 Multi-Well Development Planning
4.2 Survey Program Design
4.3 Anti-Collision – Recommended Practice
4.4 Anti-Collision – Selected Topics
4.5 Target Analysis
4.6 Survey Calculation
4.7 In-Hole Referencing
4.8 In-Field Referencing
4.9 Drill-String Magnetic Interference
4.10
4.10 Su
Surv
rvey
ey Da
Data
ta Co
Comp
mpar
aris
ison
on
September 1999 Issue 1 i
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
Contents (cont’d)
Section 5 Survey Tools
5.1 Inclination Only Tools
5.2 Measurement While Drilling (MWD)
5.3 Electronic Magnetic Multishots
5.4 North-Seeking and Inertial Gyros
5.5 Camera-Based Magnetic Tools
5.6 Surface Read-Out Gyros
5.7 Dipmeters
5.8 Obsolete and Seldom Used Tools
5.9 Depth Measurement
5.10 JORPs
Section 6 Technical Integrity
6.1 What is Technical Integrity ?
6.2 Risk Assessment
6.3 Surface Positioning
6.4 The Directional Design
6.5 Executing the Design
6.6 Survey Data Management
6.7 Performance Review
Appendix A Mathematical Reference
Appendix B Approved Tool Error Models
Appendix C Data and Work Sheets
ii Introduction September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Preface
This Issue 1 of the BP Amoco Directional Survey Handbook (BPA-D-004)
is applicable in all areas of the BP Amoco organisation.
In addition to the uncontrolled hard copies, this document is also
available online via the wellsONLINE and ASK websites, accessible on
the BP Amoco Intranet. The online document is to be considered the
master version, containing the most up-to-date information.
The distribution of this document is managed by the Upstream
Technology Group (UTG) and controlled and administered in Aberdeen
by ODL.
ODL may be contacted as follows:
UTG DCC o r: UTG DCC
ODL ODL Mailbox
Buchanan House BP Amoco, Dyce (through internal mail)
63 Summer Street
Aberdeen AB10 1SJ
Scotland
Tel 44 (0)1224 628007
Fax 44 (0)1224 643325
Alternatively, contact the UTG Wells Document Controller,
Steve Morrison at BP Amoco, Dyce, Extn 3593 (44 (0)1224 833593
September 1999 Issue 1 v/vi
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Amendment Summary
Issue No Date Description
Issue 1 Sept 1999 First issue of document.
September 1999 Issue 1 vii/viii
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Section 1
Contents
Page
1-1
1-2
!"# 1-6
Figure
1.1 Well positioning process and associated files 1-7
September 1999 Issue 1 Introduction 1-i/ii
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Who this Handbook is for, and what
it’s about.
1
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September 1999 Issue 1 Introduction 1-1
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
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1-2 Introduction September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
*&
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The well’s surface position must be directly above or at a
known horizontal offset from the geological target located
by the seismic survey, often taken months or years before.
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Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
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September 1999 Issue 1 Introduction 1-5
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
!
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Examining any question or decision about well positioning
against this principle is almost guaranteed to help in its
resolution.
The purpose % & '
and content of the #
Directional Design
and Well Survey Files ())*
are explained in
Sections 6.4 and 6.6 $ !
#
1-6 Introduction September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Directional Identify geological target(s)
Design File
Well Location
Memorandum
Formalise well objectives
and planned surface and Well Survey File
target locations
Well Data Pack
Figure 1.1
Final Well
or similar Position Memo Well positioning
Design directional plan Position rig at
and survey program surface location process and
associated files
Final proposed
trajectory and Survey reports
survey program
Acquire and validate
survey data per program
Defintive
well survey
Compile definitive well survey
and load to database
September 1999 Issue 1 Introduction 1-7/8
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Section 2
"
Contents
Page
3$#" 2-2
"!# 2-3
" 2-9
September 1999 Issue 1 Policy and Standards 2-i/ii
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
"
What BP Amoco Policy says about
directional surveying and what it
means for your Business Unit.
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Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
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(12.5) A database of well trajectories (planned and actual)
and all project data (slots, targets, locations and
projections) shall be maintained in a form approved by a
qualified person appointed by BP Amoco Senior Drilling
Manager. This safety-critical
safety-critical database shall be the subject
subject
of a written plan approved by BP Amoco that describes how
it shall be managed throughout the Business Unit
U nit life cycle.
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(8.4) The final position of all spud locations shall be
confirmed by a qualified surveyor.
(8.8) The rotary table elevation, relative to seabed at mean
sea level and water depth (offshore drilling units) or the
rotary table elevation relative to ground level (land drilling
rigs) shall be determined and formally recorded.
2-4 Policy and Standards September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
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September 1999 Issue 1 Policy and Standards 2-5
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
")
(12.1) Survey programs for all wellbores shall be designed
such that the wellbore is known with sufficient accuracy to:
a) Meet local government regulations
b) Penetrate the geological target(s) set in the well’s
objectives
c) Minimise the risk of intersection with any nearby
wellbore
d) Drill a relief well
(12.2) The performance specification of all instruments
employed on operations shall be approved for the use by a
qualified person appointed by BP Amoco Senior Drilling
Manager.
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Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
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(12.6) On multi-well operations a collision check shall be
performed on the planned well trajectory
(12.7) All procedures for assessing tolerable risks of
collision, defining minimum well separations and ensuring
compliance with such criteria while drilling shall be
approved by a qualified person appointed by BP Amoco
Senior Drilling Manager.
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BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
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BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
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September 1999 Issue 1 Policy and Standards 2-9
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
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2-10 Policy and Standards September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
Section 3
Contents
Page
'" 3-1
51+ 3-17
"( 3-21
4 "(& 3-26
Figure
3.1 The Earth’s surface and the geoid 3-2
3.2 Globally and locally fitting ellipsoids 3-3
3.3 Dependence of latitude on choice of ellipsoid and datum 3-3
3.4 Relationship between geodetic heights 3-5
3.5 Geographical, mapping grid and drilling grid co-ordinates 3-7
3.6 Variation of grid scale factor across a mapping grid 3-8
3.7 Components of the magnetic field vector 3-18
3.8 The one dimensional normal distribution 3-23
3.9 A two dimensional distribution resolved in two directions 3-24
3.10 Principal directions and the standard error ellipse 3-25
September 1999 Issue 1 Theory 3-i
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
Section 3
Contents (cont’d)
Table Page
3.1 Definition of the drilling grid in some
BP Amoco operation areas 3-9
3.2 The magnetic field in some of BP Amoco’s operating areas
(approximate values as of 1 July 1999) 3-19
3.3 Confidence intervals for the one dimensional
normal distribution 3-23
3.4 Confidence intervals for the two dimensional
normal distribution 3-25
3.5 Error term propagation modes 3-27
3-ii Theory September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
An introduction to the science of well
surveying.
1
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September 1999 Issue 1 Theory 3-1
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
Mountain Range
Geoid
Figure 3.1
The Earth’s surface The Earth
and the geoid
Ocean
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3-2 Theory September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
globally fitting
geoid
ellipsoid
eg. WGS 84
Figure 3.2
Globally and locally
fitting ellipsoids
area of best
fit of ellipsoid
to geoid
locally fitting
ellipsoid
eg. Clarke 1866
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black
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latitude Figure 3.3
grey Dependence of
EQUATOR latitude latitude on choice of
ellipsoid and datum
September 1999 Issue 1 Theory 3-3
BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
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BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
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geodetic heights
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BP Amoco
BPA-D-004 Directional Survey Handbook
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3-6 Theory September 1999 Issue 1
BP Amoco
Directional Survey Handbook BPA-D-004
mapping grid drilling grid lines of latitiude
and longitude
West of the East of the
Central Meridian, Central Meridian,
grid convergence grid convergence
is negative is positive
Figure 3.5
Geographical,
Cross-section
mapping grid
shown in and drilling grid
figure 3.6 co-ordinates
Central Meridian
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system, including geodetic datum) is identified.
September 1999 Issue 1 Theory 3-7
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