NAMA Irfan Surya Dharma Manik

NIM 14S16047
KELAS 14 TE 2
TUGAS PJJ CERTAN

Jawaban No 1 – 4

1. Which of the following are correct?

a. False |= True. Is (true) karena tidak memiliki model dan karena harus memerlukan
setiap kalimat

b. True |= False. Is (false)

c. (A ∧ B) |= (A ⇔ B). Is (true) karena sisi kiri memiliki tepat satu model yang merupakan
salah satu dari dua model sisi kanan.

d. A ⇔ B |= A ∨ B. Is (False) karena salah satu model A -> B memiliki A dan B salah, yang
tidak sama dengan A V B

e. A ⇔ B |= ¬A ∨ B. Is (True) Karena RHS ADALAH A → B, Salah satu konjungsi dalam

definisi A ⇔ B

f. (A ∧ B) ⇒ C |= (A ⇒ C) ∨ (B ⇒ C). Is (True)

g. (C ∨ (¬A ∧ ¬B)) ≡ ((A ⇒ C) ∧ (B ⇒ C)). Is (True) ; enumerasi bukti dengan tabel kebenaran.

h. (A ∨ B) ∧ (¬C ∨ ¬D ∨ E) |= (A ∨ B). Is (True); karena menghapus konjungsi hanya

memungkinkan lebih banyak model

i. (A ∨ B) ∧ (¬C ∨ ¬D ∨ E) |= (A ∨ B) ∧ (¬D ∨ E). Is (False)

j. (A ∨ B) ∧ ¬(A ⇒ B) is satisfiable. ; model has A and ¬B

k. (A ⇔ B) ∧ (¬A ∨ B) is satisfiable. ; RHS disyaratkan oleh LHS sehingga model adalah

model A⟺B

l. (A ⇔ B) ⇔ C has the same number of models as (A ⇔ B) for any fixed set of proposition
symbols that includes A, B, C. ;
setengah dari model (A ⇔ B) memenuhi (A ⇔ B) ⇔ C, Seperti halnya setengah dari non-
model dan ada jumlah model dan non-model yang sama.
2. Pada gambar tabel (gambar S7, 1) daripada koleksi diagram. Ada delapan kemungkinan
kombinasi pit di tiga squarea, dan empat kemungkinan untuk lokasi wumpus (termasuk
tempat). Kita dapat melihat bahwa KB | = α2 karena setiap baris di mana KB benar juga
memiliki α2 benar. Demikian pula untuk α3

3. Express the following statements in first-order logic:

a. Gershwin wrote “The Man I Love.”

𝑾(𝑮, 𝑻).
b. Gershwin did not write “Eleanor Rigby.”
¬𝑾(𝑮 < 𝑬).
c. Either Gershwin or McCartney wrote “The Man I Love.”
𝑾(𝑮, 𝑻) ∨ 𝑾(𝑴, 𝑻).
d. Joe has written at least one song.
∃𝒔 𝑾(𝑱, 𝒔).
e. Joe owns a copy of Revolver.
∃𝒙 𝑪(𝒙, 𝑹) ∧ 𝑶(𝑱, 𝒙).
f. Every song that McCartney sings on Revolver was written by McCartney.
∀𝒔 𝑺(𝑴, 𝒔, 𝑹) ⇒ 𝑾(𝑴, 𝒔).
g. Gershwin did not write any of the songs on Revolver.
¬[∃𝒔 𝑾(𝑮, 𝒔) ⇒ ∃𝒑 𝑺(𝒑, 𝒔, 𝑹)].
h. Every song that Gershwin wrote has been recorded on some album. (Possibly different songs
are recorded on different albums.)
∀𝒔 𝑾(𝑮, 𝒔) ⇒ ∃𝒑, 𝒂 𝑺(𝒑, 𝒔, 𝒂).
i. There is a single album that contains every song that Joe has written.
∃𝒂 ∀𝒔 𝑾(𝑱, 𝒔) ⇒ ∃𝒑 𝑺(𝒑, 𝒔, 𝒂).
j. Joe owns a copy of an album that has Billie Holiday singing “The Man I Love.”
∃𝒅, 𝒂, 𝒔 𝑪(𝒅, 𝒂) ∧ 𝑶(𝑱, 𝒅) ∧ 𝑺(𝑩, 𝑻, 𝒂)
k. Joe owns a copy of every album that has a song sung by McCartney. (Of course, each
different album is instantiated in a different physical CD.)
∀𝒂 [∃𝒔 𝑺(𝑴, 𝒔, 𝒂)] ⇒ ∃𝒅 𝑪(𝒅, 𝒂) ∧ 𝑶(𝑱, 𝒅).
l. Joe owns a copy of every album on which all the songs are sung by Billie Holiday.
∀𝒂 [∀𝒔, 𝒑 𝑺(𝒑, 𝒔, 𝒂) ⇒ 𝑺(𝑩, 𝒔, 𝒂)] ⇒ ∃𝒅 𝑪(𝒅, 𝒂) ∧ 𝑶(𝑱, 𝒅).

4. Write out the axioms required for reasoning about the wumpus’s location, using a constant
symbol Wumpus and a binary predicate At(Wumpus, Location). Remember that there is only
one wumpus. (Hint: First Order Logic)

∀𝑠1 𝑆𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦(𝑠1 ) ⟺ ∃𝑠2 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑠1 , 𝑠2 ) ∧ 𝐼𝑛(𝑊𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑠, 𝑠2 )

∃𝑠1 𝐼𝑛(𝑊𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑠, 𝑠1 ) ∧ ∀𝑠2 (𝑠1 ≠ 𝑠2 ) ⇒ ¬𝐼𝑛(𝑊𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑠, 𝑠2 ).