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Kurfessa Abdisa.

This is an additional must-have as part of portfolio. Please accomplished by answering all the questions

below.

For Older Adults and the Acute Care Setting:

1.Explain why older adults are at risk for each of the following.

A. Delirium

 Although people of any age are at risk of delirium, the elderly are at greater risk

because aging and age-dependent structural changes inevitably affect the brain's

functional reserve

B. Dehydration and Malnourished

 Older people are more susceptible to dehydration than younger people. This is partly

due to lack of thirst sensation and changes in the water and sodium balance that

naturally occur as people age. and Older adults are more likely to have chronic

conditions that put them at risk for malnutrition. Cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's

disease, and other conditions can impact appetite, make eating difficult, change

metabolism, and require dietary restrictions.

C. Health care associated infections.

 Elderly patients are identified as being in the high-risk group for the development of

healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) due to the age-related decline of the immune

system, known as immune senescence. As we age, our immune system weakens. This

makes us more vulnerable to infections of all types. And any sort of challenge to the

body can do more damage. When the immune system gears up in older people, there

is also a higher likelihood of a phenomenon called a cytokine storm. This is where the
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immune system overreacts and produces too many of the chemicals to fight an

infection. So we get a severe inflammatory reaction which has the potential to cause

significant damage in the body, including organ failure.

D. Transient urinary incontinence

 Urinary incontinence increases with rising age. Ageing is associated with changes in

the lower urinary tract which predispose an elderly to UI. As we age, bladder capacity

and contractility reduce, with reduced ability to defer voiding once the urge to do so

arises.

E. Skin breakdowns

 Older adults are at a higher risk because of the skin aging process. As skin ages, the

junction between the epidermis and dermis thins and flattens, reducing circulation.

Moisturizing factors in older adults also reduce, thus causing dry, flaky skin and

increased risk of skin breakdown.

F. Falls

 Age-related loss of muscle mass (known as sarcopenia), problems with balance and

gait, and blood pressure that drops too much when you get up from lying down or

sitting (called postural hypotension) are all risk factors for falling

Addressing the Health Concerns of Older Adults:

1. List general preventive measures to recommend to older adults.

 Diet and exercise healthy diet and regular exercise help prevent or postpone frailty

and many diseases For example, exercise can help prevent frailty in healthy or

chronically ill older people. In those who are frail, exercise can help preserve

functional ability and reduce the incidence of accidents.

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 Screening and prevention Healthy older people should visit their primary care

physician at least annually to ensure timely completion of primary and secondary

disease prevention measures, including screenings

 Vaccination

 alcohol use screening, Limit alcohol consumption (no more than 1 drink per day for

women; no more than 2 drinks per day for men)

 Don't smoke; smoking cessation counseling (for anyone who smokes)

Myths and Stereotypes for older adults

1. Identify three myths or stereotypes regarding older adults.

Common negative stereotypes about older people include their suffering from poor health and

loneliness, physical and cognitive incompetency, unproductivity and unattractiveness

 Three myths or stereotypes regarding older adults: Contrary to the myth that aging is

depressing, many studies find that seniors are among the happiest age group. Happiness

levels by age follow a U-shaped curve, with self-reported levels of happiness at their

lowest at age 40, but then growing thereafter.

 Myth: Aging Leads to Loneliness: Though social isolation can be a problem for seniors,

especially to those who have limited mobility, lack of transportation or who have

recently lost a spouse, most seniors are able to stay socially engaged. Activities and visits

with family and friends, and at places such as the local senior center or a place of

worship, also help seniors stay socially active and happy.

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 Myth: Aging Erases Your Libido: Discussing the love and sex lives of seniors is largely

taboo in our culture and has led to the stereotype that the elderly are sexless. This

stereotype is harmful because it can cause seniors to have conflicted feelings or

unnecessary guilt about their sexuality, while simultaneously causing younger people to

hold misconceptions about aging and the elderly.

What is the psychological development of middle-aged adults in the following areas:

1. Sexuality

 As we grow older, our risk for health problems increases. Conditions such as arthritis,

heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and depression can make having

sex more challenging. Health problems also can decrease sex drive or affect your ability

to become aroused or have an orgasm.

 Declining hormone levels and changes in neurological and circulatory functioning may

lead to sexual problems such as erectile dysfunction or vaginal pain. Such physical

changes often mean that the intensity of youthful sex may give way to more subdued

responses during middle and later life.

2. Singlehood

 Feelings of loneliness, including romantic loneliness, can have a serious impact on health

and well-being. Feeling isolated, unsupported, and lonely is linked to decreased

immunity, worse sleep, lower cardiovascular health, and increased mental health

problems.
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3. Career transition

 For some older workers, their primary skill sets or line of work may become obsolete,

while others might have physical jobs that can become more challenging as they age.

Other older workers might simply be bored with the job they've been doing since they

began working and want to try something new.

4. Marital changes

 Marital satisfaction has peaks and valleys during the course of the life cycle. Rates of

happiness are highest in the years prior to the birth of the first child. It hits a low point

with the coming of children. Relationships during this stage typically become more

traditional and there are more financial hardships and stress in living.

5. Family transition am

 During late adulthood, many people find that their relationships with their adult

children, siblings, spouses, or life partners change. Roles may also change, as many are

grandparents or great-grandparents, caregivers to even older parents or spouses, or

receivers of care in a nursing home or other care facility.

The following are health concerns for middle aged adults. Identify strategies for each one:

1. Stress

 Engaging in regular physical activity we may benefit from certain types of exercise uch as

tai chi, which enhances balance

 Thinking about getting a pet—both the pluses and minuses. Several studies support the

stress-lowering effects of having a dog, cat, or other animal companion. But don't forget

to take into consideration the physical and financial challenges of pet ownership.
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2. Obesity

 Choosing healthier foods (whole grains, fruits and vegetables, healthy fats and protein

sources) and beverages. Limiting unhealthy foods (refined grains and sweets, potatoes,

red meat, processed meat) and beverages (sugary drinks) Increasing physical activity.

Limiting television time, screen time, and other “sit time”.

Explain how you would assess the concerns of the young adult related to:

1. Family stress

 The most widely acceptable definition of family stress consists of a crisis that occurs in

response to an event, where the magnitude of the crisis is a function of the family’s

existing resources, and the meaning attached to the event. I think the best way to assess

this situation is by seeing parent-child bonds linked to children’s challenges in

developmentally-salient tasks, such as peer relationships, academics, and regulation of

behavior and emotion, using this we can assess it.

2. Job stress

 Detachment, isolation, not contributing to team discussions, coming into work late or

working longer hours, irritability, showing anger or aggression are all key indicators.

“Having line managers who can spot these early signs will enable them to have informal

discussions with their staff.

3. Infertility
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 Fertility declines with age in both men and women, but the effects of age are much

greater in women.

4. Obesity

 Most young adults are concerned nowadays about their obesity and the best way to

assess that is by checking their diet and their BMI is less than 18.5, it falls within the

underweight range. If the BMI is 18.5 to 24.9, it falls within the Healthy Weight range. If

the BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls within the overweight range. If the BMI is 30.0 or higher, it

falls within the obese range.

5. Exercise

 We all know that Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and low cardiorespiratory fitness

are strong risk factors for the development of chronic diseases with resulting morbidity

and mortality, as well as economic burden to wider society from health and social care

provision, and reduced occupational productivity. gender, education level, and alcohol

consumption are revealed as determinants of the intensity of physical activity at work. In

this regard, men and/or participants with a low level of studies are those who carry out

more physically demanding activities at work.

Briefly explain the risk factors for young adults regarding the following:

1. Violent death and injury

 Risk factors at the family level include authoritarian childrearing attitudes, low parental

involvement, poor family functioning, and parental substance abuse or history of

criminal involvement. Peer and social risk factors include involvement in gangs and social

rejection by peers.
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 Toxic stress can result from issues like living in impoverished neighborhoods,

experiencing food insecurity, experiencing racism, limited access to support and medical

services, and living in homes with violence, mental health problems, substance abuse,

and other instability.

2. Personal hygiene habits

 Poor personal hygiene increases disease risk, however, the prevalence of hygiene

practices among adolescents is poorly described in low- and middle-income countries.

Poor personal hygiene arises from either intentional or unintentional neglect of your

body’s cleanliness and health requirements.

 Poor physical hygiene leads to visible markers of poor health in your body. This makes

others see as a source of infections and diseases. For example, excessive coughing and

sneezing without any attempt to cover the mouth, and emitting foul odors will lead to

people avoiding the person.

3. Human trafficking

 While anyone can be affected by trafficking, Children account for half of the victims of

human trafficking. In fact, the average age that a young person becomes involved in sex

trafficking . If the victim is a minor, no force, fraud, or coercion is necessary to prove

trafficking most people wo are at risk for human trafficking are those recent migration,

substance use, runway or homeless people with mental health issue.

4. Unplanned pregnancies

 The risk factors associated with unintended pregnancy include unwanted pregnancy in

adolescents, inadequate family planning services, low socio economic status, lack of or

improper use of family planning methods and unawareness of it. Unwanted pregnancy

rate among low-income families.

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5. Sexually transmitted infections

 As compared to older adults, young men and women under age 25 are at higher risk of

STI acquisition, likely due to a combination of cultural, behavioral, and biological

reasons. At the same time they may face significant barriers to accessing STI services,

including cost.

6. Environmental and occupational risks

 Extreme temperatures, poor air quality, excessive noise and radiation in the workplace

can all harm workers, potentially causing respiratory problems, hearing loss and cancer,

among other problem

7. Substance abuse

 Peer pressure is a strong factor in starting to use and misuse drugs, particularly for

young people. Lack of family involvement. Difficult family situations or lack of a bond

with your parents or siblings may increase the risk of addiction, as can a lack of parental

supervision. Early use.

PLEASE SUBMIT IN A SHORT BOND AND DOUBLE SPACE

THANK YOU!!!

GOOD LUCK