Study Guide For Kyl M Ñ Hoidan 4-27-2021

study guide
for Kyl mä hoidan Zeldan

Nordic Languages
Review Center
last updated Apr 27, 2021

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tain other noncommercial uses permitted
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Layout and illustrations by Mikko Taurama
Photos by Olli Ruha
2 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

Welcome to study Finnish! This booklet is file for free in the same folder where you
a study guide to accompany remote Finnish downloaded this study guide.
language studies at Zeldan Nordic Lan- NLRC is one of the subcontractors of
guages Review Center (NLRC). The guide Topmake International Manpower Ser-
contains general tips for studying Finnish vices. Please approach Topmake if you have
as well as schedules that you can follow to any recruitment-, employment-, or visa-re-
study Finnish independently before joining lated questions. As a separate company,
our remote language groups. To get started, NLRC only handles Finnish and Swedish
you also need a textbook, Kyl mä hoidan – language training.
Finnish Language Entrance Exam Material
for Filipino Nurses. It is available as a PDF
Joining Our Groups ........................................ 4

Tips for Independent Study.......................... 5
After Kyl mä hoidan ...................................... 8
Sample Schedules ........................................ 10
Chapter Guides ............................................ 16
Guide to Chapter 1 ..................................17
Guide to Chapter 2 ..................................18
Guide to Chapter 3 ..................................19
Guide to Chapters 4 & 5..........................20
Guide to Chapter 6 ..................................21
Guide to Chapter 7 ..................................22
Guide to Chapter 8 ..................................23
Guide to Chapter 9 ..................................24
Guide to Chapter 10 ................................25
Guide to Chapter 11 ................................26
Guide to Chapter 12 ................................27
Guide to Chapter 13 ................................28
Guide to Chapter 14 ................................29
Guide to Chapter 15 ................................30
Guide to Chapter 16 ................................31
Guide to Chapter 17 ................................32
Self-Assessment Quizzes............................ 33
NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 3

Joining Our Groups
Topmake’s principal and their clients re- terial for Filipino nurses. This part takes
quire that every deployed Filipino nurse three to eight weeks, depending on Top-
has an A2-level proficiency in the Finnish make’s schedules for new groups, and your
language in order to work in Finland. A2 is study strategies, skills, and motivation. You
a term used in the Common European can use schedules in this guide (page 12 on-
Framework of Reference for Languages wards) to help with the textbook. Once you
(CEFR), a guideline used in the European master the material in Kyl mä hoidan and
Union for different levels of language profi- there is a new group starting, you may join
ciency. You can find the skill level descrip- after an interview.
tors for the A2 level online, but A2 is a After the interview, you will start with a
rather basic skill level and attainable in less group of likeminded people who all study
than a year if you study consistently. roughly at the same pace. Even when offi-
NLRC provides language training to and cially “in training” at NLRC, there are no
beyond the A2 level. Due to the current daily lectures. All studies are conducted re-
COVID restrictions in the Philippines, motely, which means you study Finnish in-
NLRC now offers an option to study the dependently on a daily basis, and then
Finnish language remotely, and once/if you meet with an instructor once a week online
meet the language requirements set by the for a one-on-one session. Textbooks used
Finnish clients of Topmake, they will in actual training are more intense than Kyl
process the required permits and you are mä hoidan, with more content and exer-
all set to board a plane for a bright and fun cises. Each chapter is around 40–50 pages.
future career in Finland. We have fast- and slow-paced groups, so if
In order to join our remote groups, you 50 pages a week seems too much, you have
must first study Finnish independently by a slow-paced option where training takes
following this study guide and the textbook twice as long but also will not take all of
Kyl mä hoidan – Finnish entrance exam ma- your free time.
getting into training
1
– Takes around 3–8 weeks, depending on
Study the textbook Topmake, and your pace and motivation.
Kyl mä hoidan
independently. – Follow the recommended schedule in this
booklet (p. 12).
2
– If there is a new group starting, Topmake
Attend an interview and their principal want to meet with you
online. to talk about the program and to see if
they offer what you are looking for.
3 Join a remote group

at NLRC and pass a
required exam.
– 24 or 48 weeks of full-time studies.
– You must pass an A2-level exam before
being able to start work in Finland.

Tips for Independent Study
Language learning is not rocket science and
does not require you to be a super human concrete tips
in order to do it, although it is easier for
some people than others. Two major com- ■ Focus on vocabulary as you cannot do anything with-
out it...
ponents in successful learning are motiva-
tion and study strategies. ■ ...but learn words in context, i.e. as phrases and inter-
Language learning needs motivation, action sequences rather than rote-learning individual
time, and repetition, but it also greatly ben- words.
efits from good language learning strate-
gies. Try to think about your language ■ Repetition helps.
learning process through functions you can
do with a foreign language (e.g. I can order ■ Talk to a mirror or your friend, relative, or pet. Speak-
ing and character recognition (~reading) are separate
a burger in Finnish if there are no nasty fol-
cognitive skills, although the difference is not appar-
low-up questions) rather what you know
ent when learning languages that use a writing sys-
about a foreign language (I know all the tem that you already know.
forms of this verb in all grammatical per-
sons). Learning a language is a lot more ■ Repetition helps.
than just getting the grammar right.
Progress is not apparent all the time, so it ■ Repetition helps, but repetition is boring, and only
is important to just maximize comprehen- goal-oriented repetition actually helps. If at all possi-
sible input and expose yourself to a foreign ble, get a spaced-repetition software on your phone
or a computer and create flash cards of phrases with
language on a daily basis. Regular small
it. See next page.
doses of Finnish daily are better than trying
to rush through a chapter in one night. Set ■ Move physically or do something while you study.
a daily study schedule that does not ex- This goes against what you were probably told in
haust you and stick to it. school ("Sit down and study!"), but language is em-
what you feel like is happening bodied in our brain and any physical activity will boost
neural connections your brain tries to make when you
study a language. (This is also why humans gesture a
lot more when they speak a foreign language than
when they use their first language.)
■ If you have difficulties with finding time for studying,

make a schedule and stick to it. Put away your phone,
turn off the TV, and kick the whiny nephew or niece
out of the room.
■ Download audio files NLRC provides and listen to

what is actually happening them and repeat afterwards to get the hang of the
rhythm of Finnish.
■ Accept the fact that you will sound like a 5-year-old

for the first few years of using a new language. It is a
normal part of the process.

studying vocabulary with Anki that to around 5 new cards or so for the
phrases deck as cards pile up quickly later
Memorizing random stuff is boring. If you when you review. Do not exhaust yourself
study a foreign language alone and do not by sticking to Anki's default pacing.
have a meaningful conversational context Using Anki is not mandatory. You can use
or a first-language speaker around to feed any method for studying vocabulary, but
you with new input all the time, you might spaced-repetition apps can make it much
benefit from a spaced-repetition software easier than just rote-learning and staring at
when studying vocabulary. A spaced-repe- a notebook. If you would rather use some
tition software is basically an intelligen- other service (Quizlet, Reji, etc.), the
t(ish) flashcard app, which repeats cards shared folder has .csv files of the flash-
more or less frequently, depending on how cards, which you can use to import card
well the software thinks you know them. data without Anki (you need to look up in-
At NLRC, we recommend an app called structions for your service, and you will
Anki, but there are other alternatives as have no audio).
well. Anki is open source and free on plat-
forms other than iOS. If you have an Apple
device and do not want to pay for the app,
you can still use it on their website for free
as long as you are connected to the inter-
net. App stores have similar-looking and
-sounding apps since Anki is open source,
so make sure you get the actual one using
the links on the official Anki website at
https://apps.ankiweb.net. Then check the
manual (https://docs.ankiweb.net) or look
up an Anki tutorial on YouTube.
Once you got Anki downloaded and
know how it works, you need flashcard
decks. You can type in your own cards or
use decks NLRC has prepared for you. They
contain audio clips as well. You can look
them up among shared decks on the Anki
website or download them in the NLRC
shared folder. There are two main decks.
nlrc anki decks
NLRC Finnish phrases
NLRC Finnish vocabulary
Phrases deck contains vocabulary in con- Anki on iOS.

text while the vocabulary deck contains
words in their basic form. Decks start from
Kyl mä hoidan and cover the entire manda-
tory training, so you can just use the same
deck while studying at NLRC. If you need
separate decks for each textbook for some
reason, we do have decks by module in the
shared folder.
By default, Anki starts with 20 new cards
/day/deck, but you may want to change

mental requirements
Remote learning is not for everybody, and

it requires a certain mindset if you want re-
Joo Mä Hoidan!
sults. Consider the following points to see
if studying Finnish remotely is for you.
– You must be able to motivate yourself

to work and study independently and
without supervision. If, in your previ-
ous studies, you mostly just showed up
and only did what you were told, that
no longer works when studying re-
motely.
– If your major motivation came from
impressing the instructor and you had
the habit of spacing out when they practical requirements
were not looking, that does not work
when studying remotely. In addition to the right mindset, we also
– You need to follow learning goals and have some practical and technical require-
your progress on your own, and you ments for remote trainees.
must have the motivation to work un- – You must have an internet connection
supervised. that is fast and stable enough to sup-
– Time management skills, self-reflec- port audio calls (video is not re-
tion, and ability to self-assess are required). A mobile connection might
quired. You must be able to make time do, but a wired broadband connection
for your language studies on a daily ba- would be even better.
sis, and have an environment that al- – You should have a device that can run
lows for that. an app called Discord and you must be
– If you want to keep up with the class able to view our PDF materials while a
schedule, you need to dedicate several Discord audio call is in progress. This
hours a day for studying Finnish. This can be done on a smartphone although
is not something you do as an extra ac- a computer or a tablet would be even
tivity 15 minutes a day (if you want to better. Your device must have a func-
stick to our recommended schedules). tioning microphone and audio output.
If your household is noisy, consider a
As tough as the above requirements may headset.
sound, language learning itself is not rocket – You must be able to join an online ses-
science. You do not need to be a superhu- sion with the instructor once a week
man or a linguist to be successful. You just without being late or missing sessions.
need time, self-motivation, and lots of rote Scheduling for this session is flexible
learning. Different aspects of language and a session takes up to 30 minutes.
learning are easier for different people, so You can also reschedule if absolutely
you might find listening tasks easier than needed.
your follow trainees, while struggling with – You must be able to join physical
reading tasks yourself. This is normal, and classes in Baguio City or Quezon City
varies from person to person. if all COVID restriction are lifted be-
fore your deployment.

After Kyl mä hoidan
After going through the review kit, Kyl mä structure of the training
hoidan, you need to attend an interview in
order to join our remote language training.
Study the textbook Kyl mä hoidan indepen-
interview dently.
Once you are done with Kyl mä hoidan and

Topmake has a new group starting, you
need to attend an online interview. There
will be representatives from Topmake, Attend an interview online.
Topmake’s Finnish principal, and maybe
NLRC. This event is not a language test!
The language of the interview is English,
but they might ask you to say or do some-
thing very basic in Finnish to see if actually
opened the textbook. The main point of the A0 module
interview is to talk more about the training Textbook Joo mä hoidan (all 8 chapters).
and what to expect and to see if this is re-
ally something you want and have time for.
The interview will be done online, so you
need an internet connection that is fast and
stable enough for audio calls.
A1 module
structure of the training
Two textbooks, Anna mä hoidan 1 and 2
Training NLRC consists of three modules, (14 chapters in total).
A0, A1, and A2. There is a mandatory A2
exam (with a retake option) after the A1
module. Passing this exam is the minimum
requirement for being able to work for Top-
make’s Finnish clients in Finland.
Take an A2-level exam.
The A0 module has a textbook called Joo
mä hoidan that has eight chapters. The A1
module has two textbooks, Anna mä hoidan
1 and Anna mä hoidan 2, and both have
seven chapters. Fast-paced groups would
cover one chapter per week, and slow- A2 module
paced groups would study one chapter for
If your A2 exam was not done in Finland, con-
two weeks. For a fast-paced group without tinue studies at NLRC until deployment.
any breaks, covering all three books takes
roughly six months. For a slow-paced
group, training until the A2 exam would
take roughly a year.
Your independent studies are supple-
mented by working with a random partner
and weekly or biweekly personal online
meetings on Discord with an instructor.
The goal of the training is that you can
use basic Finnish to get things done, not to
learn about the Finnish language per se.

meeting with an instructor most important skill Topmake’s principal is
looking for.
You need to meet with an instructor online
personally each time you finish a chapter. materials
Your meeting takes 30 minutes.
During these sessions, you get to ask All materials are shared using shared fold-
whatever questions you have in mind. You ers on Sync. Once you start training at
will also go through some of the oral exer- NLRC, you get the link to the A0 module
cises together in the textbook from the pre- textbook, Joo mä hoidan, and other materi-
vious chapter and complete simple bench- als via Discord. You should download the
mark tasks, in which you show the instruc- textbook, Anki decks, and all audio files
tor that you master a certain function in and listen to them as you study. Maximiz-
Finnish (e.g. could place an order at a fast ing your exposure to Finnish is your most
food place in Finnish). important task during independent studies.
You get to choose the time and the in- You will receive a link to later modules as
structor you meet with for every meeting. you progress through the studies.
Meetings in the A0 module are personal
one-on-one meetings. Later in the A1
turn-in assignments
module, you will have seven two-on-one For the most of the time, we will not regu-
meetings where you and another trainee larly mark your tasks in the textbook or
meet with an instructor together. monitor if you do anything. Falling behind
If you miss or are late from three (3) ses- the schedule will likely eventually show in
sions without letting us know beforehand, your one-on-one meetings and benchmark
we will no longer schedule sessions with tasks with the instructor anyway. Answers
you. to most tasks are at the back of the text-
book, and if you do not understand (or if
benchmark tasks there is a typo...), you can ask it on Discord
In a regular class, we would have weekly or during your one-on-one meeting.
quizzes and two threshold exams (A1 and However, there will be certain weekly
A2 exam). For remote studies, we use a sys- tasks that where you need to submit your
tem where you demonstrate that you can entry. These are simple, brief tasks that
perform simple functions in Finnish. These come in various forms (e.g. write a mes-
are not tests per se, so if you and the in- sage, take a picture and attach a caption,
structor agree that a specific function does record a brief audio message, etc.) and help
not seem to go too well, you will just work you to practice Finnish in context.
on it and try again on a later date. Possible
benchmark tasks associated with each
breaks
chapter are listed in this guide. Sometimes, fast-paced groups have a week-
long breaks in their schedule. This is usu-
weekly partners ally to balance the workload of our instruc-
For each week, we will assign a random on- tors, not to intentionally delay your studies.
line partner or two for you from the group If your batch has a break, that means we
you are in. You can then complete some of do not expect you to move on with the ma-
the oral assignments in the textbook with terial that week. If you have fallen behind,
your random partner, so that everyone has use break weeks to catch up.
someone to work with in oral tasks.
It is a good idea to get to know your
online classes
batchmates as you will need to pick a part- At the moment, we have no plans to start
ner for 2:1 sessions in the A1 module and regular sessions where the entire group
as you might end up sharing an apartment would be required to be online at the same
with some of them once in Finland. time. If it is clear that independent remote
Doing oral tasks together is voluntary but studies do not work, this stance might
highly encouraged because speaking is the change.

Sample Schedules

You have to study the first textbook, Kyl mä you get a better hang of your pace and mo-
hoidan, on your own. Follow the sample tivation, you can change the schedule to
schedule below if you want. It covers Kyl better fit your needs. See page 33 for links
mä hoidan in 8 weeks, and you need to to self-assessment quizzes.
study at least three before an interview. As
kyl mä hoidan at a glance
Chapter Theme Grammar
Chapter 1 General characteristics of Finnish –
Chapter 2 Sounds and pronunciation
Chapter 3 Asking about meanings, yes and no, pronouns

tää, toi, and se (~ this, that, it)
Chapter 4 Greetings Saying hi and thank you
Chapter 5 Telling time Numbers, asking about time and telling time
Chapter 6 Healthcare professions Introducing yourself, personal pronouns, verb

olla (to be), negative verb ei (no)
Chapter 7 Vowel harmony
Chapter 8 Countries and nationalities -stA ending (from), question word mistä (from
where), yes–no questions
Chapter 9 Places at a nursing home -ssA and -llA endings (in ~ at), question word
missä (in where), verb käydä
Chapter 10 Urban places -Vn ending (to where), verb mennä (to go) and
tulla (to come)
Chapter 11 Body parts, mental states Possessive clause (I have…)
Chapter 12 Days of the week, work shifts Question word milloin (when)
Chapter 13 The weather, temperature, seasons Past tense of olla (to be)
Chapter 14 Cities in Finland, compass points Existential clause (mayroon/wala clause)
Chapter 15 Family -n ending, noun types
Chapter 16 Food Partitive ending
Chapter 17 Prices, ordering food Quantity and fractions

week 1
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Read chapter 1. Read pages 24 and Read page 31 about Review vocabulary. Review vocabulary.
25 (and listen to the devices for getting
Download audio files Jump to chapter 5, Do listening task 1 in
audio files, as usual) attention.
for chapter 2. Read and study numbers. chapter 5.
chapter 2, listen to Do tasks 1 and 2 in Do listening task 5. Do task 2–3 in chap- Study how to tell
the clips and read out chapter 3. Start chapter 4. ter 5. time (p. 50–52).
loud. Study pronouns this Listen to the sample Return to chapter 4 Do tasks 6 and 7 in
Do tasks 1 and 3 in and that (page 27). dialogs and read and study how to chapter 5.
chapter 2. Answers about greetings and
Walk around your thank and apologize
to all tasks, including house and point at goodbyes. Add them Add expressions of
(p. 37).
task 3, are at the to your vocabulary time to your vocab-
things and ask about
back of the textbook their meaning. list. Do task 1 in chapter ulary list or flashcard
(page 216 onwards), 4. deck.
Review vocabulary.
so check them Do tasks 3 and 4 in
afterwards. chapter 3.
Do task 2 in chapter Write down new
2. pieces of vocabulary
using flashcards, a
flashcard app, or just
pen and paper.
week 2
Do listening task 4 in Do listening task 5 in Review vocabulary.
Use the X is Y clause Review vocabulary.
chapter 5. chapter 5. with professions and
Read how to Read how to say that
Return to chapter 4 Do listening task 2 introduce yourself (p. add some single-per- you are not some-
son phrases to your
and study how to ask and task 3 in task 61) in chapter 6. thing (p. 65).
vocabulary list (e.g.
and respond to how chapter 4. Study pronouns (p. Mä oon Do task 3 in chapter
are you questions (p. Jump to chapter 6 62) and how they sairaanhoitaja. Se on 6.
39). and study vocabulary work with the verb to potilas. Etc.)
Study how to use and on page 66. be (olla; p. 63).
Do task 4 in chapter
answer monelta Do tasks 1 and 2 in 6.
(when?) questions chapter 6.
(p. 55).
5.

week 3
Review vocabulary. Do task 4 in chapter Do task 2 in chapter Do task 4 in chapter Review vocabulary.
Study vowel harmony 7. 8. Study the orange 8. Study endings -ssA
box on the same
in chapter 7 (p. 72– Listen and read out Study page 88 about and -llA on pages 93–
page (p. 82).
73). loud dialogs in chap- how to ask if some- 94. Review the verb
Do tasks 1–3 in chapter 8 on page 78. Listen and read out one speaks a certain olla (to be) if needed.
loud dialogs in chap- language. Add related
ter 7. Study how the -stA Do tasks 1–2 in chap-
ter 8 on pages 83– phrases to your
ending works (p. 80). ter 9. In task 2,
Jump to chapter 8 84. vocabulary. perform varying di-
and add study the Do task 1 in chapter
Read about yes–no Then review existing alogs out loud even if
vocabulary related to 8.
questions (p. 85– vocabulary. you opt to write
nationalities and Review vocabulary. 86). down the answers.
countries on page 79. Do task 5 in chapter
Do task 3 in chapter 8. Add some of the
8. body parts from
pages 130–134 to
you list of vocabulary.
week 4
Review vocabulary. Study page 99 for Review vocabulary. Study the verb tulla Review vocabulary.
phrases about going Add some of the (p. 112).
Read about the Do listening task 6 in
or being at work. body parts from
question word missä Do tasks 3–4. chapter 8.
pages 130–134.
(p. 96). Do task 5 in chapter Review vocabulary. Do listening task 5 in
Do tasks 3–4 in chap- 9. Do task 2 in chapter Add the remaining chapter 10.
10.
ter 9. Jump to chapter 10 body parts to your Do task 6 in chapter
Study vocabulary on and study vocabulary Study the where to flashcards or word 10. Perform varying
page 101. Add them on page 111. ending (p. 106–108). list. dialogs out loud.
to your flashcard Study the verb käydä Do task 1 in chapter
deck or word list us- on page 102. 10..
ing olla + -ssA/-llA Do task 6 in chapter Study verb mennä (p.
(e.g. Juan on 9. 110).
päiväsalissa, Juan is in
the day room). Also
add some of the body
parts from pages
130–134.

week 5
Listen and read out Review vocabulary. Read about making Do tasks 5 and 7 in Do task 8 in chapter
loud the dialogs on Read and listen to the do you have... chapter 11. 11.
pages 118–119. phrases about phys- questions (p. 125). Read about days of Read about the
Read about the ical and mental states Listen and read out the week in Finnish question word for
possessive clause (p. on page 128. Add loud dialogs on page (p. 139) and add when? (p. 140).
120–121). them to your 124. them to you Do task 1 in chapter
flashcard deck or a flashcard deck or
Do tasks 1 and 2 in Do task 4 in chapter 12.
word list. word list.
chapter 11. 11. Read about the
Do task 3 in chapter Listen and read out
Review vocabulary Listen to and read Finnish names for
11. loud dialogs on page
(or add body parts to out loud dialogs on various work shifts
138.
your word list or a Do task 6 in chapter page 127. (p. 142) and add
flashcard deck on 11. Review vocabulary. them to you
Review vocabulary.
pages 130–134 if you flashcard deck or a
did not do so already word list.
last week). Do task 3 in chapter
12 by performing
various dialogs out
loud.
week 6
Review vocabulary. Do task 2 in chapter Read and listen to the Review vocabulary. Do listening task 2 in
13. Finnish names for chapter 14.
Do task 2 in chapter Do task 5 in chapter
months and seasons
12. Read about the olla 11. Read about the ex-
verb in the past tense (p. 151–153). Add istential clause (p.
Listen and read out months to your Listen to and read
(p. 154). 164). Then listen to
loud dialogs on page flashcard deck or a out loud the names
146. Do task 4 in chapter word list. for compass points in and read out loud
related dialogs on
13. Finnish (p. 158).
Do the same to Do task 3 in chapter page 163.
weather-related ex- Review vocabulary. 13. Do the same to the
pressions on page names of Finnish Do task 5 in chapter
Do listening task 4 in
147. cities on pages 159– 14.
chapter 14. 160. Review vocabulary.
Read about the
Review vocabulary.
weather and the Do task 3 in chapter
temperature (p. 14.
148–149).
13.

week 7
Do task 6 in chapter Look at the words on Do tasks 5 and 6 in Do tasks 9 and 7 in Look at the remain-
14. page 171 and add chapter 15. chapter 15. ing food-related ex-
them to your pressions on page
Listen to and read Read about various Look at the food-
flashcard deck or a
out loud family- noun types on page related expressions in 185 and add them to
related vocabulary on word list. your flashcard deck
178. chapter 16 on page
page 170. Do the Review vocabulary. 184 and add them to or a word list.
same to dialogs on your flashcard deck Then review vocab-
Do task 1 in chapter 15.
pages 168–169. or a word list. ulary.
15. Do task 1 in chapter
Do task 2 in chapter Then review vocab- Listen to and read
Read about the -n 14 for review.
15. ulary. out loud dialogs on
ending (p. 173).
pages 182 and 183.
Add family words to Do tasks 4 and 3 in
your flashcard deck chapter 15.
or a word list and
review vocabulary.
week 8
Read about the Review vocabulary, Review vocabulary. Read about how to Review vocabulary.
partitive ending (p. especially numbers talk about vague
Listen to and read Read about how to
186–187). (p. 46–47) – if quantities and how to
out loud dialogs on ask about someone’s
needed. They appear say the word for a
Do tasks 1 and 2 in page 196. height or weight (p.
again in chapter 17. comma (p. 199).
chapter 16. 200).
Read about express-
Read about the uses ing prices on page Do tasks 3 and 4 in
Review vocabulary. Read about ordering
of the partitive chapter 17.
197. food at a fast food
ending (p. 190–191). Review vocabulary. restaurant (p. 201–
Do tasks 1 and 2 in
Do tasks 3 and 4 in chapter 17. 202).
chapter 16. Do task 5 in chapter
17.

Chapter Guides

Guide to Chapter 1
what is this chapter about?

Chapter 1 gives you a very rough outline of Finnish language. It also shows some similari-
ties and differences between Finnish and English and Tagalog, although they are not very
useful at this point. It is still worth reading through.
what do i need to know?

There is no grammar or vocabulary to study in chapter 1, but make sure you understand
what the dots in the middle of words in the textbook indicate (they separate different parts
of compound words, but are never used outside of textbooks).
Page 9 explains the main logic of how Finnish creates meaning: by using endings. This is
really important and is used throughout the textbook. Finnish has unrestricted word order,
which means that words in a clause can appear in any order, and the clause still remains
meaningful. This is because the endings indicate which role the word has in a clause (a
verb, a subject ~ an actor, an object, etc.). The dominant word order is subject–verb–ob-
ject, like in English, but it does not have to be.
same thing
Mä oon Baguiossa. I’m in Baguio.
Oon mä Baguiossa. I’m in Baguio.
Baguiossa mä oon. I’m in Baguio.
The above all mean the same thing (the emphasis is different, but that is not something
you need to worry at this level). So those ending thingies are really important in Finnish.
Page 11 explains what will be covered in the entrance exam. Note that most of the speech
bubbles in the textbook are not within the scope of the exams. It is still beneficial to down-
load associated audio files to train your ear.
recommended study plan

Read through the chapter in one sitting.

Guide to Chapter 2

Chapter 2 introduces the sounds of the Finnish language.

While your pronunciation will not be tested in the entrance exam, it is very important that
you know the basics of pronunciation as it will help with memorization. And, obviously,
you will need to speak Finnish from day 1 (or at least day 2) of the actual class.
Luckily, if you know Tagalog or other common languages of the Philippines, most sounds
will be familiar to you. The problematic ones are usually y, ö, j, and r and diphthongs (page
18 in Kyl mä hoidan) that your first language might not have.
Note that characters ä and ö represent completely different sounds than a and o, just like
o and c or n and ñ would. The dots are also not optional when writing in Finnish. They have
to be there.
The aforementioned diphthong sounds are usually tricky for Filipino learners of Finnish,
so focus on them.
In Finnish, the word stress is usually on the first syllable, while in Tagalog, it is on the
final or penultimate syllable.

Download audio files and read out loud after them. There is little point in practicing sounds
in isolation without context for an extended period of time. Download audio files for all
chapters and listen to entire sequences, not just individual words.
Make a habit of reading out loud everything in the textbook (after listening to audio
files), as it will help your brain getting adjusted to the rhythm of Finnish.

Guide to Chapter 3

Chapter 3 introduces two “meta” sequences that you can use to ask about the meaning of
something in Finnish. It also discusses pronouns this and that, and words for yes and no.

These are probably phrases you would keep repeating over and over again during your first
few months at work, so make sure you know them.
On page 25, a placeholder character X indicates a spot in the structure where you could
replace the X with any word. A similar notation is used throughout the textbook and then
later in NLRC weekly handouts.
Pronouns this and that (page 27) are incredibly handy in real life when pointing at things,
so make sure you know how to use them in the what is X? and what does X mean? struc-
tures.
If you use other sources than Kyl mä hoidan to study elementary Finnish, they might in-
sist that kyllä is the word for yes. As the textbook says, this is not very common. Make a
habit of using joo for saying yes as an acknowledgement.

This chapter has several sections, so you may want to have breaks between them. This
would be a good point to start writing down and memorizing word lists, flashcards, or to
use a flashcard app to study vocabulary. Include pronouns, yes and no, and the two struc-
tures for asking about meanings. You benefit from physically doing something while study-
ing vocabulary, so either speak, write with a pen, or just jump around.

Guide to Chapters 4 & 5

Chapter 4 introduces common greetings, and how to thank and to apologize.

This chapter is mostly about rote memorization since the phrases are often fixed.

Chapter 4 offers variants for many of the sequences (e.g. kiitos and kiitti for thank you). You
should actively know at least one of them and passively recognize the others. Practice the
phrases in context, e.g. if you practice Mitä kuuluu?, also know how to answer it with Hyvää
while at it. After finishing, take a self-assessment quiz for this chapters 3 and 4 (and all
following chapters).

Chapter 5 is all about numbers. And telling time. With numbers.

You need to know the basic numbers in Finnish. You also need to be able to ask about time
and tell what time it is.
Numbers 1–10 are important because larger numbers are just formed by putting them
together as various combinations. Listening tasks of this chapter use colloquial numbers,
so make a habit of using those when speaking.
There are various ways to tell time in Finnish. Make sure you actively know at least one
of them (e.g. puoli kuusi or viis kol.kyt for 5:30).
Page 55 introduces the first ending in the textbook, the -ltA. Adding it to a number turn
the number into an adverb, which answers the question when or what time [something hap-
pens]. It is similar to putting at in front of a number in English (three vs. at three). The end-
ing is not needed when you just say what time it is.
the -ltA not needed to answer mitä kello?
– Paljon kello? What time is it?
– Neljä. It’s 4pm. (You would not reply *It’s at 4pm, so no -ltA)

Study the numbers and related sequences of time first before getting confused about the
-ltA ending. Download all audio files and add some sequences of time to your flashcard
deck or vocabulary list.

Guide to Chapter 6

Chapter 6 introduces the verb to be and various words for healthcare professionals in
Finnish.

You should be able to introduce yourself using the structure mä oon X (I’m X). You can use
the same structure to talk about anything by changing the pronoun (e.g. mä › sä), but due
to the unrestricted word order, the form of the verb to be also needs to match the pronoun.
So mä oon is I am but you are is sä oot. This will happen with all Finnish verbs although you
do not need to know it yet.
You also need to know the vocabulary involving various healthcare professionals. As al-
ways, try to learn them in some meaningful communicative context by using them in sen-
tences like the ones below.
sample sentences with olla and professions
Mun nimi on X. Mä oon sairaanhoitaja. My name is X. I’m a nurse.
Se on lääkäri. He~She is doctor.
Sä et oo kätilö. You’re not a midwife.

You can learn the forms of olla and required pronouns as fixed phrases first. Later on, you
will see the same verb endings (pronoun mä always needs -n at the end of a verb it appears
with, sä needs -t, etc.) in other verbs, such mennä (to go; page 110 in Kyl mä hoidan). Listen
to the audio files and use the sequences in context. Add words for healthcare workers to
your vocabulary list or flashcard deck.

Guide to Chapter 7

Chapter 7 introduces a phenomenon called vowel harmony. It affects spelling and pronun-
ciation of certain endings. Messing it up seldom causes misunderstandings in communica-
tion, but it is a very handy thing to test in the entrance exam. Just saying.

You should know how the vowel harmony affects endings that have two variants, like the -
ssA. It can appear as -ssa or -ssä, depending on other vowels in that word or in the last part
of a compound word. If the textbook does not seem very clear about this, the same thing
is explained in basically all elementary Finnish materials. Just look those up on YouTube.

Read the chapter and do the exercises. The vowel harmony starts to make more sense and
become automated once you are more familiar with more endings.

Guide to Chapter 8

Chapter 8 is totally no-more-training-wheels compared to earlier chapters. It introduces a
new ending, -ssA, and a way to make yes–no questions. It also covers Finnish words for
various countries and adjectives for nationalities.

Before you dive into chapter 8, make sure you know how the verb to be (olla) works with
all persons. Otherwise, the yes–no questions do not make much sense. If you need more
natural contexts for the to be verb, though, the -stA ending is good for that.
You need to know what adding -stA to a noun does if it is paired with the verb olla. It
basically indicates the same as using from (or taga- or sa or galing sa or mula sa, etc.) with
a word in English (and Tagalog). The -stA is affected by vowel harmony (chapter 7), so
check how that works if you are confused about when to use -sta versus -stä.
Yes–no questions use the question tag -kO in Finnish. It has two variants due to the vowel
harmony. You should know how to ask someone about their nationality or profession using
olla in the right form + -kO. Note that adding the -kO changes the word order of the clause
compared to a regular statement (e.g. sä oot vs. ootko sä?).
like so
– Ootko sä sairaanhoitaja? Are you a nurse?
– Mä oon ensihoitaja. I’m a paramedic.

Complete the tasks in the textbook and listen to the audio files and read out loud. Add na-
tionalities to your vocabulary list in a meaningful context. In this case, that could be asking
and saying where someone is from or double checking their profession or home country.
yes–no questions and answers
– Ootko sä Japanista? Are you from Japan?
– Mä oon Etelä-Koreasta. I’m from South Korea.
– Puhut(ko) sä englantia? Do you speak English?
– Joo. Yes.

Guide to Chapter 9

Chapter 9 introduces the vocabulary for various rooms and other places in a Finnish nurs-
ing home. It also introduces new endings, -ssA and -llA. If used together with the verb olla,
they indicate that something is or is located somewhere.

You must know how the verb to be (olla) works with all persons (mä, sä, etc.) as it is needed
to make any meaningful use of the new endings in this chapter.
The two endings, -ssA and -llA, both indicate that something is located somewhere and
that usually there is no movement involved. This is different from -stA, which can indicate
that something physically comes or moves out from somewhere. A question word for ask-
ing about a location of something is missä. It is mikä + -ssA, literally what + in, meaning in
where or in what.
The -llA and -ssA are usually not interchangeable, but their meaning is very close. The
difference is similar to in vs. on or in vs. at in English. The speaker simply needs to know
which ending the word they are using usually accepts. This seldom causes misunderstand-
ings because their meaning is so close. The -ssA is also way more common, but you should
memorize the instances in the textbook where it is indicated that a word needs an L ending.
This is shown in the vocabulary lists in the chapter where applicable and in the vocabulary
chapter at the end of the textbook.
You should know how to use the verb käydä (page 102) to indicate that you quickly drop
by somewhere. Although -ssA usually does not indicate movement, the verb käydä always
needs the -ssA ending with the place you drop by at. Note that the personal endings are
exactly the same as with verbs olla (mä oon, mä käyn; sä oot, sä käyt, etc.). They are always
the same across all verbs in Finnish.

Read the grammar sections and do associated task. Add vocabulary and phrases to your
flashcard deck or a word list, but make sure, once again, that you have a meaningful context
for them.
Exercise 2 (page 95 in Kyl mä hoidan) is the first instance of this kind of exercise. They
allow you to modify sample phrases to make new meaningful conversations. You should
always do them orally out loud even if you first write down different variants of the con-
versation.

Guide to Chapter 10

Chapter 10 covers the third common S ending, the where to ending. It also introduces two
common verbs, to go (mennä) and to come, to arrive (tulla). Vocabulary is about common
urban locations.

The where to ending is a little tricky as it has three variants that all mean the same. You
should also keep in mind that this ending does not work with the verb to be (olla) and can
follow a noun if the main verb is mennä or tulla. The three S endings (-ssA, -stA, and -Vn)
indicate movement to or from somewhere or a static state with no movement.
You should also know how mennä and tulla work in all persons. They use the same per-
sonal endings as olla and käydä because all Finnish verbs use those endings. If you use the
yes–no question tag (-kO) with these verbs, just attach -kO to tulla or mennä after a per-
sonal ending. A common mistake Filipino learners of Finnish make with olla + -kO is to
directly translate it as the auxiliary verb do or are needed in yes–no questions in English. If
the main verb is not olla but something else, like mennä (to go), a yes–no question uses that
verb only + -kO, not olla. This will be discussed in class in more detail but it is something
worth paying attention to.
yes–no questions do not automatically get olla
Ootko sä Baguiosta? Are you from Baguio? (olla is the main verb)
Meetkö sä Baguioon? Do you go to Baguio? ~ Are you going to Baguio?

not Ootko sä meet Baguioon?
Tuleeks se Manilasta? Is he~she coming from Manila?
not Onko se tulee Manilasta?
It is not very obvious in Kyl mä hoidan, but tulla and mennä can accept both -stA and -Vn
from their complement nouns. This would indicate you go or come from somewhere to
somewhere else. The word order does not matter.
examples
Mä tuun La Trinidadista Baguioon. I’m coming from La Trinidad to Baguio.
Me mennään Kaliforniaan Nevadasta. We’ll go to California from Nevada.
You should know how to use the structures studied so far with urban places in this chap-
ter to say things like are you at the store and I’ll go to church.

Complete the tasks in the textbook and add meaningful exchanges to your flashcard deck
or a word list.

Guide to Chapter 11

Chapter 11 introduces body parts, which you hopefully already studied for the basic en-
trance exam along with chapters 1–10. It also talks about a very handy structure, the pos-
sessive clause, which is then used to talk about mental and physical states.

The key grammar feature is the possessive clause. Finnish does not have a good equivalent
for the English verb to have, so the X:llA on Y clause type is the only beginner-friendly way
to say that you have something. You need to keep in mind that the on remains in third-per-
son singular regardless of who has an item. The possessive clause is a subtype of an exis-
tential clause, which will be discussed in chapter 14. Possessing in Tagalog and Finnish
works the same way because the same structure is also used to mean that there is some-
thing somewhere (may Xthing sa Yplace ~ Y:ssA on X).
You should also know how to make do you have...? questions. Since the main verb in the
possessive clause is olla in third person, these questions always start with onks (colloquial)
or onko (formal), followed by the owner you are asking about with the -llA ending. Because
this is such a frequent question type, sometimes trainees think that all yes–no questions in
Finnish start with that. They do not. This was mentioned in the guide for chapter 10.

This chapter has a ton of vocabulary and a lot of it is actually handy for a nurse to know, so
allow enough time for that. Complete the tasks in the textbook and add meaningful ex-
changes to your flashcard deck or a word list.
You do not need to study phrases on page 128 exactly as they are written down. The sam-
ples simply use various possessive clauses to show each green new word in context. All
those words work in other possessive clauses as well (so you can say mulla on nälkä, sulla
on nälkä, or Peterillä on nälkä – depending on who is hungry). Write down varying versions
to cover both the possessive clause and the mental and physical states at the same time.

Guide to Chapter 12

Chapter 12 mostly covers the Finnish names for weekdays and work shifts.

This chapter has barely any grammar, but the little bit that there is sometimes confuses
people a lot. When the question word milloin (when) is used, you need to reply with an
adverbial form of the day (or season or month or year or whatever). In linguistics, adver-
bials are expressions that answer questions like when, where, and how. Adverbials phrases
are individual words like now or quickly but also phrases like in Manila. The word Baguio
becomes an adverbial phrase if you add the preposition in to say in Baguio.
In English, the basic form (like Monday) can sometimes be used instead of saying a full
adverbial phrase (like on Monday). In Finnish, the basic form and the form with an ending
have different roles, and only an ending can turn a basic form noun phrase into an adverbial
phrase. So whenever you are asked something with the question milloin, the answer needs
an ending (like maanantaina). A question like what day is it today? does not need an adver-
bial form because you are not answering when, where, or how. You are just telling the name
of today’s day to the interlocutor. Answering that would not need an ending in Finnish,
either.
questions
Mikä päivä nyt on? What day is it now?
– Maanantai. Monday.
Milloin sulla on yö.vuoro? When do you have a night shift?

– Maanantaina. On Monday.
The word for an afternoon shift (~3–11pm) is ilta.vuoro in Finnish. It literally means an
evening shift, so do not mix that up with night shift. First-language Finnish speakers often
translate the Finnish term directly and thus end up using a wrong term for an afternoon
shift when they speak English. So, afternoon shift = iltavuoro.

The chapter is rather short. Study the vocabulary in context (you can make milloin ques-
tions using stuff from previous chapters and answer them) and make sure you understand
the different roles of tiistai (Tuesday) and tiistaina (on Tuesday). You can make additional
dialogs based on exercise 3 to get some practice with speaking.

Guide to Chapter 13

Chapter 13 discusses everyone’s favorite topic for small talk in Finland – the weather –
along with names for seasons and months.

You should be able to describe the current weather in Finnish as well as state the tempera-
ture. You should also know the names for months in Finnish. They all end in the word -kuu,
which means the moon or a month.
If the difference between a basic form phrase and an adverbial phrase is still not clear, i.e.
if you do not grasp the difference between tammikuu (January) and tammikuussa (in Janu-
ary), you need to go back to the milloin question in chapter 12 and review that.
The only grammar-related topic in this chapter is the past tense form of olla (to be). Its
stem in the past tense is always oli- in all persons, so this requires less rote learning than
the present tense of olla (page 63 in Kyl mä hoidan).

This is a vocabulary-heavy chapter, so complete the tasks oin the textbook and listen to the
audio files and read out loud. Add all weather-related expressions to your flashcard deck or
a word list.

Guide to Chapter 14

Chapter 14 lists some names of Finnish cities and introduces a new clause type, the exis-
tential clause.

It would be nice if you were able to name a few cities in Finland, or at least the capital city,
Helsinki. You can pair this with compass points. Note that it does not really make sense to
use the existential clause with compass points. It is just as clunky as saying, in the west,
there is Indonesia in English.
The existential clause itself is a handy structure to know. The possessive clause (mulla on
X, I have X) is a subtype of the existential clause, so you basically already know how the
existential clause is formed. Note that the place or the location in the existential clause usu-
ally has the -ssA ending, while the possessive clause always uses -llA to indicate the owner
(e.g. Jennyllä on, Jenny has).

Knowing the names of cities is not that essential, so do not waste an entire week learning
where they are on the map (it would be handy for the future, of course). If you do study
them, study them in context by pairing them with compass points. You can review the ex-
istential clause by talking about sights in places in the Philippines, e.g. Albayssa on Legazpi
ja Mt. Mayon (There are Legazpi City and Mt. Mayon in the Albay province).

Guide to Chapter 15

Chapter 15 cover family- and relationships-related vocabulary. It also discusses the -n end-
ing, which you can use to indicate concrete or abstract ownership, like X ng Y or X of the Y
in Tagalog and English. The concept of noun types is also mentioned.

You should be able to use the -n and the vocabulary in this chapter to say a few things about
you immediate family members. You should also be able to say something about your or
someone else’s relationship status (e.g. mun veli on naimisissa, my brother is married). The -
n ending also works for any kind of relations, not just between people. See exercises 6 and
7 in chapter 15 for that.
Page 178 briefly touches on an important topic: word types. The basic form and the stem
in Finnish are not always the same, and there are some patterns to this. Those are called
word types or noun types. Knowing them can help you if need to look up a word in a dictio-
nary. If you see a word uudessa and want to know what it means, you cannot find that in
the dictionary under uude-, because the basic form of the word is actually uusi (new), here
with the -ssA ending. So, if the form of a word you are looking at has an ending, it might be
handy to recognize various stems because dictionaries usually just give you the basic form
(Wiktionary and Google Translate do recognize forms with endings, though). Recognizing
word types is mostly about exposure, so it is not something you can totally grasp by just
reading page 178 over and over again. But it is important to be aware of the general idea of
how that works.

Complete the tasks in the textbook and listen to the audio files and read out loud. Add fam-
ily- and relationship-related vocabulary to your vocabulary list in a meaningful context. In
this case, that could be talking about your own family. There are lots of new words, so take
allow enough days to cover them all.

Guide to Chapter 16

Chapter 16 is all about food items. A new ending called the partitive is also discussed. With
food items, the partitive ending often signals an unspecified amount of something or an
amount of a thing or stuff that is uncountable (like liquids).

This is yet another vocabulary-heavy chapter, so allot enough time for that. Spread them
over several days if needed.
The partitive is usually a little tricky for Finnish trainees because it has no direct equiva-
lent in English or other languages of the Philippines. Just focus on the specific contexts that
require the partitive listed on pages 190–191. A particularly handy thing to remember is
the fact that if a number (other than number 1) is followed by a noun, that noun needs the
partitive ending.
Like the where to ending (-Vn, etc.), the partitive has three variants that all mean the
same thing. The most common variant by far is the -A or a long vowel -V at the end.
The textbook uses the term uncountable. This means something that you cannot easily
divide into separate elements, such as words milk or art. You could, of course, make count-
able expressions out of them by saying a bottle of milk or a work of art, which might not
warrant the partitive in Finnish, depending on the clause.

Complete the tasks in the textbook and listen to the audio files and read out loud. Add food
vocabulary to your vocabulary list in a meaningful context. You could, for example, make
simple dialogs with do we have (onks meillä) questions and food vocabulary. Also make
contextual examples with the uses of the partitive (mulla on mango vs. mulla on 2 mangoa
~ mangoo).

Guide to Chapter 17

In chapter 17, you will learn about talking about prices and how to express vague quantities
and how to say a comma (spoiler: it is pilkku in Finnish). There is also a sample dialog about
ordering food at a fast food restaurant so you will not have to starve at the Helsinki inter-
national airport while waiting for the employer contact person to pick you up.

In real life, you hardly ever need to ask about prices since by law, they need to be visible in
writing. The phrases in this chapter are still handy, though, for reviewing numbers in con-
text. You should also know the expressions listed on page 199.
Ask for the fast food sample dialog, listen to how the customer places orders in listening
exercise 5 and perform variations of those so you could (maybe) (perhaps) (with luck)
answer basic questions in a similar situation at a McDonald’s in Finland. The transcript of
the listening task is at the back of the textbook under Answers.

Complete the tasks in the textbook and listen to the audio files. This chapter has no gram-
mar, just fixed phrases and expressions. Use the spare time to review all past vocabulary.
This is the final chapter in Kyl mä hoidan. If you get this far, you might be asked to move
onto the A0 module, which, without COVID-19, would be done completely in class after an
entrance exam and an interview. In-class materials have more exercises and more compli-
cated grammar, but the first week is mostly about reviewing concepts presented in Kyl mä
hoidan.

Self-Assessment Quizzes
Copy and paste the address to your browser. It takes you to a Google Forms quiz that you
can take to see how well (or not-that-well) you know the material. The form only mechan-
ically compares your answers to the answer key and does not actually interpret any
Finnish, so always check sample answers after the quiz. Your answer might be totally cor-
rect even if the form rejects it due to some technicality.
Note that the mandatory A2 exam before the deployment is not like these quizzes. The
exam is all about getting things done in Finnish and being relatively comprehensible while
at it. Grammar is not tested in the A2 exam.
Kyl mä hoidan
– Chapters 3–4: https://forms.gle/RC3yGBVTiggxwp3A9
– Chapter 5: https://forms.gle/XwH5buf3h64WnE2E7
– Chapter 6: https://forms.gle/xNGLVZU9SAMdFZxY6
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last updated Apr 27, 2021

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Layout and illustrations by Mikko Taurama

Photos by Olli Ruha

2 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

Joining Our Groups ........................................ 4

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 3

getting into training

3 Join a remote group

4 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

■ If you have difficulties with finding time for studying,

■ Download audio files NLRC provides and listen to

■ Accept the fact that you will sound like a 5-year-old

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 5

Phrases deck contains vocabulary in con- Anki on iOS.

6 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

Remote learning is not for everybody, and

– You must be able to motivate yourself

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 7

Once you are done with Kyl mä hoidan and

8 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 9

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kyl mä hoidan at a glance

Chapter Theme Grammar

Chapter 1 General characteristics of Finnish –

Chapter 2 Sounds and pronunciation

Chapter 3 Asking about meanings, yes and no, pronouns

Chapter 4 Greetings Saying hi and thank you

Chapter 6 Healthcare professions Introducing yourself, personal pronouns, verb

Chapter 7 Vowel harmony

Chapter 11 Body parts, mental states Possessive clause (I have…)

Chapter 14 Cities in Finland, compass points Existential clause (mayroon/wala clause)

Chapter 15 Family -n ending, noun types

Chapter 16 Food Partitive ending

Chapter 17 Prices, ordering food Quantity and fractions

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 11

12 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 13

14 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 15

16 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

what is this chapter about?

what do i need to know?

recommended study plan

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what is this chapter about?

what do i need to know?

recommended study plan

18 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide

what is this chapter about?

what do i need to know?

recommended study plan

NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide 19

what is this chapter about?

what do i need to know?

recommended study plan

what is this chapter about?

what do i need to know?

recommended study plan

20 NLRC Kyl mä hoidan Study Guide