1.

In not less than 5 paragraph, who is your top 3 President in providing the best Land /
Agrarian Reform? Cite examples to justify your answer (30 points)
 President Ferdinand E. Marcos, President Diosdado Macapagal, and President
Cory Aquino are my top three presidents for offering the finest land/agrarian
reform.

President Marcos enacted the following laws:

 The Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund
were established by Republic Act No. 6389 (Code of Agrarian Reform) and Republic Act
No. 6390 (Code of Agrarian Reform) of 1971. It strengthened farmers' positions and
broadened the scope of agrarian reformed.
 The country was declared under a land reform program by Presidential Decree No. 2 on
September 26, 1972. It ordered all government departments and offices to provide the
DAR with full cooperation and assistance. The Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council was
also activated.
 Presidential Decree No. 27, enacted on October 21, 1972, limited land reform to
tenanted rice and maize farms and imposed a 7-hectare retention limit.

President Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965) enacted the following law:

 Agricultural Land Reform Code, Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 — Abolished
share tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set a retention limit of 75 hectares, invested
rights of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, established an administrative
machinery for implementation, institutionalized an agrarian judicial system,
incorporated extension, marketing, and supervised credit system of services for farmer
beneficiaries.
 The RA was welcomed as a law that would free Filipino farmers from tenancy bonds.

President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:

 Executive Order No. 228, signed on July 16, 1987, gave qualifying farmer-beneficiaries
protected by PD 27 complete ownership. It also defined the valuation of the remaining
unvalued rice and maize fields subject to PD 27, as well as the way in which the FBs
would be paid and how landowners would be compensated.
 Executive Order No. 229, signed on July 22, 1987, established a structure for carrying
out the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
 Proclamation No. 131, signed on July 22, 1987, established the CARP as a key
government initiative. It established the Agrarian Reform Resource (ARF), which had a
starting fund of Php50 billion to cover the expected cost of the program from 1987 to
1992.
  July 26, 1987, Executive Order No. 129-A – simplified and enlarged the DAR's power and
activities.
  Republic Act No. 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law), enacted on June 10,
1988, became effective on June 15, 1988, and established a comprehensive agrarian
reform program to promote social justice and industrialisation, as well as a system for
its execution. This is the law that is now being implemented.
 Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 – Charged the Land Bank of the Philippines with
determining land valuation and compensation for all CARP-affected lands.
 June 14, 1990, Executive Order No. 407 – expedited the purchase and distribution of
agricultural lands, grazing lands, fishponds, agro-forestry areas, and other public domain
lands suited for agriculture.

2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of PD 27? (20 points)

Strength:
Higher agricultural income and production, improved land tenure, access to markets
and financing, and a reduction in poverty incidence among farmer-beneficiaries are all
strengths of PD 27.

Weaknesses:
The agrarian crisis is the source of the vulnerability. The farmer is in a worse situation.
He cannot afford to pay more taxes, and as a result, the government is unable to gather
sufficient income to fund its activities.

3. What is the strengths and weaknesses of RA6657? (20 points)

Strengths:
Its objectives are to give landowners with equal income and opportunity, to enable
landowner beneficiaries to have equitable land ownership, to increase agricultural
output and productivity, to employ more agricultural employees, and to end land
ownership conflicts.
Weaknesses:
Legal gaps, insufficient administrative capability, corruption and the use of political
clout, and so on. Nonetheless, many agrarian reform proponents argue that individuals
who are intended to profit from CARP have achieved major advances in land acquisition.