SACRED HEART SCHOOL, Moga, Punjab

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Q & A FROM ISC- CHEMISTRY (XII)

Suggestions for students

Be regular and systematic in your studies.

•Avoid selective study - questions are asked from every chapter.

•Name organic compounds preferably using the IUPAC Nomenclature.

•Always solve the numerical problems stepwise i.e., (a) formula (b) substitution (c) calculation
(d) answer with correct unit.

•Practise adequate number of numerical problems.

•Always write balanced chemical equations with the essential conditions.

•Learn both positive and negative chemical tests of organic compounds.

•In each topic, learn the definitions with keywords with proper understanding. Write the keyword
in your answer.

•Read the question paper carefully and understand what is required before attempting the
question.

•Read the full chapter according to the topic given in the scope of syllabus.

•Do not waste time in attempting extra questions given as internal choice.

•Stress upon clarifying the concepts of each topic to answer the reasoning type of questions.

CH4: Chemical kinetics

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(i) The half-life period of a first order reaction is 20 minutes. The time required
forthe concentration of the reactant to change from 0·16 M to 0·02M is: ans 60
minutes
(ii) Identify the order of reaction from each of the following units of rate constant(k):
(a) mol L-1 sec-1 (b) mol-1 L sec -1
Zero order reaction 2nd order reaction [general k = (mol L-1)1-n s-1 n is order]
(iii) Name the order of reaction which proceeds with a uniform rate throughout?
Ans : zero

(iv) What is the difference between the order of a reaction and its molecularity?

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 (v) Hydrolysis of ester (ethyl acetate) begins slowly but becomes fast after sometime.

Ans CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH

auto catalyst
Acetic acid formed during the reaction acts as auto catalyst hence after some time, the
rate of reaction increases.

(vi) (a)Write the rate law expression for the reaction A + B + C → D + E, if the order of reaction
is first, second and zero with respect to A, B and C, respectively.

(VII)How many times the rate of reaction will increase if the concentration of A, B and C are
doubled in the equation given in (i) above?

(viii)The rate of reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313
K. Calculate the energy of activation (Ea) of the reaction assuming that it does not change with
temperature. (R = 8·314 J K-1 mol-1)

Ans:

(i) 40% of a first order reaction is completed in 50 minutes. How much time will it
take for the completion of 80% of this reaction

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(ii) When the concentration of a reactant of first order reaction is doubled, the rate of
reaction becomes _________ times, but for a __________ order reaction, the rate
of reaction remains the same , ans two zero

(iii) Ans

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(iv)

Show that for a first order reaction the time required to complete 75% of reaction is about 2
times more than that required to complete 50% of the reaction.

Ans

(v) A first order reaction is 50% completed in 30 minutes at 300 K and in 10

minutes at 320 K. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction. (R = 8·314 J
K-1 mol-1)

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 CH5: Surface Chemistry
(i)Give reason for each of the following:
(a) For ferric hydroxide sol the coagulating power of phosphate ion is more than chloride ion.
(b) Medicines are more effective in their colloidal form.
(c) Gelatin is added to ice creams.
Ans(i) According to Hardy-Schulze law, phosphate ion has more negative charge as compared to
chloride ion.
(b) Assimilation is easy due to their colloidal size.
(c) Gelatin when added to ice creams acts as an emulsifier and helps to stabilise the emulsion.
(Protective colloid).
(III) Define the following terms with suitable examples:
(i)Electrophoresis
Ans Electrophoresis: The movement of colloidal particles under an applied electric potential is
called electrophoresis. Positively charged particles move towards cathode, while negatively
charged particles move towards the anode.

Example: purification of sewage water, proteins, etc.

(IV) Which of the following electrolytes is least effective in causing flocculation of positively
charged ferric hydroxide sol? (1) K3[Fe(CN)6] (2) K2CrO4 (3) K4[Fe(CN)6] (4) KBr
Ans. KBr

(V) Explain what is observed when:

(i)A beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution.
(ii)An electric current is passed through a colloidal solution.
(iii)An electrolyte (AlCl3) is added to a colloidal solution of arsenious sulphide (As2S3).
Ans (i)The path of beam is illuminated in all the directions. It is called Tyndall effect. This effect
is due to scattering of light by the colloidal particles present in colloidal solution.
(ii)The colloidal charged particles move towards the cathode or anode depending upon the
charges on the colloidal particle (Electrophoresis/ coagulation/ precipitation).

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(iii)The colloidal solution of arsenious sulphide is negatively charged, when AlCl 3 is added the
Al3+ ions (effective ion) coagulates the negatively charged arsenious sulphide sol. Or coagulation
/ precipitation takes place.

BOARD QUESTION & ANS ( 2017 -2019)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY GRADE XII
(i) (i) Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation)
(ii) Williamson’s synthesis (sem-2 syllabus)
(iii) Aldol condensation

(i)Write chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:

(1) Clemmensen’s reduction
(2) Rosenmund’s reduction
(3) HVZ reaction

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 (i)Write chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:
(1)Aldol condensation.
(2)Cannizzaro’s reaction.
(3)Benzoin condensation.

Write chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:

Williamson’s synthesis. (sem-2 syllabus)(2) Esterification reaction (3) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
Ans

CH12: ALDEDHYDE, KETONS AND CARBOXYLIC ACID

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(a) Calcium acetate on heating gives __________ which gives _________ on heating
with iodine and sodium hydroxide solution.
(acetone, iodoform)
CTM: dry distillation of calcium salts (CH3COO)2Ca heat🡪 CaCO3 + CH3COCH3

CH3COCH3 + 3I2 + 4NaOH 🡪 CHI3 (yellow ppt+ CH3COONa + 3NaI + 3H2O

(b) Acetic acid to methylamine.

Ans.

(c) Distinguish between :Acetaldehyde and acetic acid

(d) Acetaldehyde and acetic acid:
Silver mirror test: Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror test with Tollen’s reagent.
Acetic acid does not give this test.
Fehling’s solution test: Acetaldehyde gives red precipitate with Fehling’s solution.
Acetic Acid does not give this test.
NaHCO3 Test: Acetic acid gives brisk effervescence of CO2, Acetaldehyde does give
this test.
FeCl3 Test: On adding aq. FeCl3 to acetic acid, blood red colouration is produced.
(e) Acetaldehyde does not give this test.
(f)

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(g) Reaction: Acetaldehyde with hydroxylamine.

(h)

(i) Give balanced equations for the following reactions:

Benzaldehyde reacts with hydrazine.

(2)Acetic acid reacts with phosphorous pentachloride.
(3)Acetone reacts with sodium bisulphite.
(ii)Give one chemical test each to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
Ethanol and acetic acid
(2)Acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde

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 (ii)Explain why:
(1)Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation, but formaldehyde does not.
(2)Acetic acid is a weaker acid as compared to formic acid.
Ans:

(j)

ans

(k) (a) (i) Give balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:

(1)Acetaldehyde reacts with hydrogen cyanide.

(2)Acetone reacts with phenyl hydrazine.
(3)Acetic acid is treated with ethanol and a drop of conc. H2SO4.

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(ii)Give one chemical test each to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(1)Acetone and benzaldehyde.
(2)Phenol and benzoic acid.

(l)

Ans

(m) (a)How will you convert the following: (Give balanced equation)

(i)Benzoyl chloride to benzaldehyde.

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(ii)Methyl chloride to acetic acid.
(iii)Acetic acid to methane.

OR
(b)A ketone A (C 4H8O) which undergoes Iodoform reaction gives compound B on reduction.
B on heating with conc.H2SO4 at 443 K gives a compound C which forms ozonide D. D on
hydrolysis with Zn dust gives only E. Identify the compounds A to E. Write the Iodoform
reaction with compound A.

CH13: COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

(i) Nitrobenzene to p-aminoazobenzene.

(ii) Aniline to benzene.

(iii) How will you distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary amines by
Hinsberg’s test?

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 (iv) (a)Arrange the following in the increasing order of their basic strength:
C2H5NH2 , C6H5NH2 , (C2H5)2NH
(b)Give a balanced chemical equation to convert methyl cyanide to ethyl alcohol.
(c) What happens when benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol in
weak alkaline medium? (Give balanced equation).

Give balanced equations for the following:

(i)Aniline is treated with bromine water.
(ii)Ethylamine is heated with chloroform and alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide.
(iii)Benzene diazonium chloride is treated with ice cold solution of aniline in acidic medium.
Ans

Ans

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(a)State reasons for the following:
(i)Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is insoluble in water.
(ii)Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than aromatic amines.
Ans (i)Ethylamine is soluble in water because, ethylamine forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds
with water. While, in aniline the aryl group possess steric hinderance and does not form
hydrogen bond.
(ii)In Aliphatic amines, the lone pair is easily available for donation (due to +I effect). Hence,
aliphatic amines are stronger bases. While, in aromatic amines the lone pair of electrons present
on nitrogen takes part in resonance (M effect) and hence, not available for donation and are
weaker bases. OR
(b)Complete and balance the following equations:
(i)C6H5NH2 + CH3COCl → ________+ ___________
(ii)C2H5NH2 + HNO2 →________+ ___________ + ___________
Ans (i)C6H5NH2 + CH3COCl → CH3 CONHC6 H5 + HCl
(ii)C2H5NH2 + HNO2 → C2H5OH + N2 + H2O
R

CH14: BIOMOLECULES
(i) Sucrose is a ___________ and yields upon hydrolysis, a mixture of ________and
fructose. (disaccharide, glucose)
(ii) Deficiency of which vitamin causes the following diseases:

(1)Scurvy(2)Night blindness [no in syllabus now] Vitamin C (2) Vitamin A

(iii)Write two differences between globular and fibrous proteins.

(iii) Name the purine bases and pyrimidine bases present in RNA and DNA.

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 (iv) Name two water soluble vitamins and the diseases caused by their deficiency in
the diet of an individual. Ans Water soluble vitamins are B and C.
Disease caused by deficiency of vitamin B are beriberi, dermatitis, pernicious anaemia, etc.
Disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C is Scurvy.

(v) (i)Write the chemical equation for the reaction of glucose with bromine water.

(ii)Write the zwitter ion structure of glycine.

CH16: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

(i) How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
(b) State the role of the following chemicals in the food industry:
(i) Sodium benzoate
(ii) Aspartame

(ii) (i)Name the type of drug which lowers the body temperature in high fever condition.
(ii)What are tranquilizers? Give one example of a tranquilizer.
Ans
(i) Antipyretics

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 (ii) The chemical substances used for the treatment of stress, mild and severe mental
diseases, anxiety and induce sleep are called tranquilizers. Examples: Equanil,
veronal, valium, etc.
(i) How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
(ii) Name a substance that can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant.
Ans

CH8: d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS

(1)Why does the density of transition elements increase from Titanium to Copper? (at. no. Ti =
22, Cu = 29)
(2)Why is zinc not regarded as a transition element? (at. no. Zn = 30)

(2) Explain why:

(i)Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
(At. no. of Mn = 25, Fe = 26)
(ii)Transition elements usually form coloured ions.
(iii) Zr and Hf exhibit similar properties.
(At. no. of Zr = 40, Hf = 72)

Ans. (i)Electronic configuration of Mn+2 is 3d5, which is half filled and hence stable. Hence, it
cannot lose third electron easily. In case of Fe+2 electronic configuration is 3d6. Hence,it can lose
one electron easily to give stable configuration 3d5.

(ii) It is due to d – d transition by absorbing part of visible light

(iii)Due to Lanthanoid contraction they have same atomic and ionic size. or They have same
general electronic configuration.

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(
(4)
(1)Which trivalent ion has maximum size in the Lanthanoid series i.e. Lanthanum ion (La3+) to
Lutetium ion (Lu3+)? (at. no. of Lanthanum = 57 and Lutetium = 71)
(2)Explain why Cu2+ is paramagnetic but Cu+ is diamagnetic.
(at. no. of Cu = 29)
Ans (1)La3+
(2) Cu2+ is paramagnetic because it contains unpaired electron in d orbital, Cu+ is diamagnetic as
no unpaired electron is present.

Explain why:
(i) Transition elements form alloys.
(ii) Zn2+ salts are white whereas Cu2+ salts are coloured.
(iii) Transition metals and their compounds act as catalyst.
Ans (i) The atomic radii of transition elements in any series are not much different and hence can
replace each other easily in lattice.
(ii) Zn2+ does not have any unpaired electron while Cu2+ has unpaired electron and can undergo
d-d transition emitting colour.
(iii) Transition elements have variable oxidation state giving unstable intermediates, thus act as
catalyst.

(Suggestions for teachers -Explain the importance of d-block elements in detail, with the help
Why Zn2+ ions are colourless while Ni2+ ions are green and Cu2+ ions are blue in colour?
Ans Zn2+ ions have completely filled d-orbitals (3d10) and are colourless.
Ni2+ ions and Cu2+ ions have incompletely filled d-orbitals (3d8 and 3d9). These ions are coloured
due to d-d-transition.
of suitable diagrams and examples. -Advise students, to write the key words such as similar size / vacant
Explain the following:
(i)Transition metals and their compounds generally exhibit a paramagnetic behaviour.
(ii)There is an increase in density of elements from titanium (Z=22) to copper (Z = 29) in the 3d
series of transition elements.
(.ital / unpaired electron in d-orbital /
ans (i)Transition metal ions have unpaired electrons in d-orbitals (d1 – d9). They exhibit
paramagnetic behaviour.
(ii)As we move from left to right along the 3d transition series (from Ti to Cu) the atomic radii
decrease due to increase in nuclear charge. Therefore, atomic volume decreases with increase in
atomic mass. Hence, density of transition metal increases from Ti to Cu.
(]ctice to students in writing complete and balanced chemical equations. -Elucidate oxidising and
reducing properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 in class.
CH9: COOORDINATION COMPUNDS
(i) Write the formula of the following compounds: [2]
(i) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III)
(ii) Hexaaquairon(II) sulphate.

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(ii)Name the types of isomerism shown by the following pairs of compounds: [1]
(i) [Cu(NH3)4][PtCl4] and [Pt(NH3)4][CuCl4]
(ii) [Co(Pn)2Cl2]+ and [Co(tn)2Cl2]+

(iii)For the coordination complex ion [Co(NH3)6]3+ [2]

(i)Give the IUPAC name of the complex ion.(ii)What is the oxidation number of cobalt in the
complex ion?
(iii) State the type of hybridisation of the complex ion.(iv)State the magnetic behaviour of the
complex ion.
Ans K3[Al(C2O4)3] (ii)[Fe(H2O)6]SO4 (b) (i)Coordination isomerism. (ii)Ligand isomerism.

(c) (i)hexaamminecobalt(III) ion. (ii) +3 (iii) d2sp3 hybridisation (iv) diamagnetic

(iv) What type of isomerism is shown by the following coordination compounds:
[Pt Cl2 (NH3)4)] Br2 and [Pt Br2(NH3)4] Cl2.
Write their IUPAC names

Ans Isomerism - Ionisation Isomerism

IUPAC names - tetraamminedichloridoplatinum(IV) bromide and
tetraamminedibromidoplatinum(IV) chloride

(v) (a)For the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]3- , state:

(i)the type of hybridisation.
(ii)the magnetic behaviour.
(iii)the oxidation number of the central metal atom.
(b) Write the IUPAC name of [Co(en)2Cl2]+ ion and
Ans. D2sp3 pqramagnetic, +3

When a coordination compound CoCl3⋅6NH3 is mixed with AgNO3, three moles of AgCl are
precipitated per mole of the compound. Write the structural formula and IUPAC name of the
coordination compound.

[Co(NH3)6] Cl3
hexaammine cobalt (III) chloride

(i) Write the IUPAC names of the following:

(1) K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
(2) [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4
(ii) [Fe(CN)6]4− is a coordination complex ion.
(1) Calculate the oxidation number of iron in the complex.
(2) Is the complex ion diamagnetic or paramagnetic?
(3)What is the hybridisation state of the central metal atom?
(4)Write the IUPAC name of the complex ion.
Ans 12
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(i)(1)Potassiumtrioxalatoferrate (III)
(2)Pentaamminechloridocobalt (III) sulphate
(ii) (1)+2
(2)Diamagnetic
(3) d2 sp3
(4) Hexacyanoferrate (II) ion

Q. Outer orbital complexes involve ________ hybridization and are _______ spin complexes.

ans sp3d2, high

(a)(i)Write the IUPAC names of the following complexes:
(1)[Cu (NH3)4]SO4
(2)[Co(en)2Cl2]
(3)K3[Al(C2O4)3]

(i)(1)tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate.
(2) dichloridobis (ethylenediamine) cobalt (II)
(3)Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III)

(ii)With reference to the coordination complex ion [Fe (H2O)6]2+ answer the following:
(at. no. of Fe = 26)
(1)Give the IUPAC name of the complex ion.
(2)What is the oxidation number of the central metal atom?
(3)How many unpaired electrons are there in the complex ion?
(4)State the type of hybridisation of the complex ion.
Ans
(ii)(1)hexaaquairon (II) ion
(2)+2
(3)Four unpaired electrons
(4)sp3d2

(b)
(i)Name of the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pairs of compounds:
(1)[Co (ONO)(NH3)5]2+ and [Co(NO2)(NH3)5]2+
(2)[Cr (H2O)4Cl2] Cl.2H2O and [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O
(3)[Co (NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6] [Co(CN)6]
(ii)Using the valence bond approach, predict the shape, hybridisation and magnetic behaviour of
[Ni (CO)4]. (at. no. of Ni = 28)
Ans (b)(i ) (1 ) Linkage isomerism (2) Hydrate isomerism or Solvate Isomerism
(3)Coordination isomerism
(ii) [Ni(CO)4]
Shape – tetrahedral
Hybridisation –sp3

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Magnetic behaviour – diamagnetic

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