TRANSISTOR BIASING

SEM-IV
(AG)
BIASING

 Linear superposition of DC value and AC value

gives the instantaneous value

 We consider the DC biasing first which decides

the DC value.

 The type of biasing decides the stability of the

circuit

 The operating point decided by the DC biasing

affects the AC response of the circuit
IMPORTANT RELATIONS
OPERATING POINT
OPERATING POINT

 The power supplies and resistors determine the

resulting voltages and currents of the circuit

 The DC current and voltage on the output

characteristics decided by the DC biasing of the
circuit is called the operating point.

 The operating point is a fixed point on the

characteristics and is also called the quiescent
point.
FIXED BIAS CIRCUIT

Boylestad & Nashelsky

FIXED BIAS CIRCUIT
FIXED BIAS CIRCUIT
LOAD LINE

Boylestad & Nashelsky

LOAD LINE

Boylestad & Nashelsky

LOAD LINE

Boylestad & Nashelsky

LOAD LINE

Boylestad & Nashelsky

OPERATING POINT WELL WITHIN
ACTIVE REGION
OPERATING POINT CLOSE TO
SATURATION REGION
STABILITY FACTOR

 The collector current IC can change (or become

unstable) due to the following:
(a) Reverse saturation current (ICO) doubles with
every 10˚C
(b) VBE falls at the rate 2.5 mV/˚C
(c) β rises with temperature
STABILITY FACTOR
BIAS POINT SHIFT DUE TO CHANGE IN
TEMPERATURE

Boylestad & Nashelsky

STABILITY FACTOR
EMITTER BIAS CIRCUIT
EMITTER BIAS CIRCUIT
EMITTER BIAS CIRCUIT
EMITTER BIAS CIRCUIT

For better stability:

For operation in active region:

VOLTAGE-DIVIDER BIAS CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER BIAS CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER BIAS CIRCUIT