7F End of Unit Test Higher (H)

Name Class Date

1 A household cleaner contains 10% ammonia and has a pH of 11.

State the hazard symbol that should be on a bottle of this cleaner.

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 Litmus indicator is red in an acid and blue in an alkali.

What is the colour of litmus in a neutral solution? Tick one box.

A red

B green

C yellow

D purple

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

3 The word equation for a reaction is:

nitric acid + potassium hydroxide  potassium nitrate + water
(a) State the names of the two reactants in the word equation.

(2)

(b) State the name of the salt in the word equation.

(1)

(Total for Question 3 = 3 marks)

4 Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium oxide to make calcium chloride and water.
Write the word equation for this reaction.

(Total for Question 4 = 2 marks)

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 7F End of Unit Test Higher (H)

5 A student investigates the temperature rise when different acids react with sodium hydroxide
solution.
She measures 10 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution and records the temperature.
She adds 10 cm3 of an acid to the alkali and records the new temperature.
She calculates the temperature rise.
She repeats the experiment with the same volume of sodium hydroxide solution but adds
different types of acid.
Her results are in the table.

Type of acid added to sodium hydroxide solution Temperature rise (°C)

citric acid 3.5
hydrochloric acid 13.6
nitric acid 13.6
vinegar (acetic acid) 6.8
(a) Which variable has been changed in this experiment (the independent variable)?
Tick one box.

A the volume of acid

B the type of acid

C the volume of alkali

D the temperature rise

(1)

(b) Which variable has been measured (the dependent variable)? Tick one box.

A the volume of acid

B the type of acid

C the volume of alkali

D the temperature rise

(1)

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 7F End of Unit Test Higher (H)

(c) What is the name of the reaction between an acid and an alkali? Tick one box.

A oxidation

B reduction

C neutralisation

D decomposition

(1)

(d) Plot a bar chart to show the results in the table.

(2)

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 7F End of Unit Test Higher (H)

(e) Write a conclusion for this investigation.

(3)
(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)
6 Acid X is a strong acid and alkali Y is a strong alkali. Their concentrated solutions have pHs at
the two opposite ends of the pH scale.
A student thinks that either acid X or alkali Y have been diluted. He does an experiment to find
out which acid has been diluted.
He puts 5 cm3 of acid X in a boiling tube.
He adds the alkali Y 1 cm3 at a time.
Each time he adds 1 cm3 of the alkali, he measures the pH of the solution.

Volume of alkali added (cm3) pH

Start (no alkali added) 1.0
1 1.0
2 1.0
3 1.0
4 1.5
5 2.0
6 7.0
7 10.0
8 11.0
9 11.5
10 11.5

(a) Suggest how the student could measure the pH of the solution.

(1)

(b) State the volume of alkali Y added to make the solution neutral.

(1)

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 7F End of Unit Test Higher (H)

(c) State which solution, acid X or alkali Y, has been diluted. Explain your reasoning.

(2)

(Total for Question 6 = 4 marks)

7 Magnesium sulfate can be prepared from magnesium oxide and an acid.

(a) Write the name of the acid needed to prepare magnesium sulfate.

(1)

(b) Describe an experiment to convert magnesium oxide powder into a solution of magnesium
sulfate.

(2)

(c) Describe how to make sure all of the acid has reacted.

(2)

(Total for Question 7 = 5 marks)

8 Coal-burning power stations produce waste gases that contain sulfuric acid. Describe how the
waste gases are treated to prevent release of sulfuric acid into the air.

(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

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