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Draw frame: Draw Frame is the machine where the slivers are doubled or combined, blended & mixed,
leveled and reduced in cross-section through a series of pairs of rollers.

Input: card sliver

Output: Drawn sliver

Objectives of the Draw frame

The main objectives of the draw frame process are given below:

 To improve the uniformity (linear density) of sliver up to optimum level.

 To improve the fibre arrangement in the sliver and to make the fibres parallel to the sliver
length.
 To straighten the hooked, curled and crimped fibres present in the sliver.
 To draft the material and to reduce the weight per unit length of sliver.
 To mix or blend the components of sliver to each other and to find homogeneous material
output.
 To eliminate the dust and impurities present in the sliver.

Drafting arrangement (Draw frame):

The purpose of drafting arrangement followed by draw frame is the parallelization of fibers to obtain an
optional value for strength in the yarn characteristics. Every drafting step leads to straightening the
fibers

Elements of Drafting Arrangement

The primary elements of draw frame’s drafting arrangement are stated below-

1. Bottom roller
Bottom rollers are made of steel and are positively driven from the main gear transmission. In
order to improve their ability to carry the fibers along, they are formed with flutes of one of the
following types
 axial flutes
 inclined flutes (spiral flutes)
 knurled fluting

2. Top roller
Top rollers are not positively driven. They are driven with the surface contact of the bottom
roller. Top rollers are coated with synthetic rubber.

3. Top roller pressure

 To clamp the fibers, the top rollers must be forced at a high pressure towards the bottom
rollers. The pressure can be generated by following means.
 Dead weight (Now obsolete)
 Spring loaded (The most usual form)
 Hydraulic system (Rarely used)
 Pneumatic system (Rieter)
 Magnetic (Saco Lowell)

Types of Drafting Arrangement

Drafting arrangement can be classified as follows:

1. 3-over-4 roller drafting system (Marzoli)

The characteristic feature of this arrangement is engagement of the middle pressure roller with
two bottom rollers mounted in a common cradle

2. 3-over-3 roller drafting system

The most widely used form of drafting arrangement for draw frames. The starting point in the
development of this design is the realization that the drafting arrangement runs more smoothly,
the larger its rollers because they can be operated at lower revolutions and are more stable.

3. 4-over-3 roller drafting system

This is also a 3-roller pressure bar drafting arrangement, but a fourth roller with somewhat
lower loading is added to the delivery roller to act as a guide for the web into the delivery
trumpet.

4. 5-over- 4 roller drafting system (Rieter)

In this arrangement, pneumatically loaded pressure rollers rest on two large and two small non-
adjustable bottom rollers. Drafting is carried out in zone B (break draft) and zone A (main draft).
In the main drafting zone, a pressure bar ensures firm guidance, especially for short fibers.

Ring Frame: The machine which converts the roving into desired yarn count is called ring frame. The
final yarn of the required count gets spun on the ring frame machine.

Objectives of the Ring frame

The main objectives of the ring frame process are given below:

 To draft the roving up to the required yarn count.

 To impart strength to the yarn by inserting the necessary amount of twist and to prevent the
fibres slippage in the yarn too.
 To wind the yarn onto the ring bobbin simultaneously during spinning.
 To spin the desired count of yarn finally.
Drafting arrangement (Ring frame):

 It is the most important part of the machine. It mainly influences evenness and strength. All
modern Ring Spinning machines are fitted with 3/3 double-apron drafting arrangements.
 The drive is applied to the lower fluted steel rollers
 Top rollers are carried in pivoted weighting arms.
 Top rollers are arranged over fluted rollers and pressed against them.
 As the drafted strands contain few fibres in the main drafting field, aprons are used to guide the
fibres

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Drawframe

- input and output

- objectives
- drafting arrangement
- roller diagram
- machine diagram

Ring Frame

- input and output

- objectives
- drafting arrangement
- roller diagram
- machine diagram

DRAFTING ARRANGEMENT (DRAWFRAME TO RINGFRAME)

Machines definitions

- their input and output

- type of drafting (e.g 4x3 or 3x4 etc)
o definition
o diagrams