Draw frame:
- Function of draw frame,
- working procedure,
- drafting system,
- production calculation
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What is Draw frame
Draw frame is a machine for combining and drawing slivers of a textile fiber (as of
hemp for rope manufacture or cotton for spinning). Drawing is the operation by which
slivers are blended, doubled and levelled. In short staple spinning the term is only
applied to the process at a draw frame. In drawing slivers are elongated when passing
through a group of pair rollers, each pair is moving faster than previous one.
Object of Draw Frame:
01. To straighten the fibres in the slivers.
02. To make them lie in a manner parallel to their neighbors and to the sliver axis.
03. To improve the uniformity or evenness of the slivers.
04. To remove dust from the sliver.
05. To make perfect blending of the component.
Waste of Draw Frame:
01. Filter waste
02. Clearer waste
03. Sliver cut
Functions/Tasks of Draw Frame
* Equalizing: One of the main tasks of draw frame is improving evenness over short,
medium and especially long terms variations of slivers. Carded slivers are fed to the
draw frame have degree on unevenness that cannot be tolerated in practice and slivers
from the comber contain bad piecing. It is obscured by draw frame.
* Parallelizing: To obtain an optimum value for strength in the yarn characteristics, the
fibers must be arranged parallel in the fiber strand. The draw frame has the tasks of
creating this parallel arrangement. It fulfills the task drafting process, since every
drafting step leads to straightening the fibers. The value of the draft must be adapted to
the material i.e. to several fibre parameters(here, mainly the staple length) and also to:
* the mass of the Fibres:
* the volume of the strand;
* the degree of order (parallel disposition).
* Blending: In addition to the equalizing effect, doubling also provides a degree of
compensation of raw material variation by blending. Their results are exploited in
particular way in the production of blended yarns comprising cotton or synthetic
blends. At the draw frame metering of the individual components can be carried out
very simply be selection of the number of slivers entering the machines. For exaopie,
to Obtain a 67:33 blend, Four slivers of one component and two of the other are fed to
the drawframe. Of course, these slivers mast have the same hank.
* Dust Removal: Dust is steadily becoming a greater problem both in processing and
for the personnel involved. It is therefore important to remove dust to the greatest
practical extent at every possible point within the overall process. It is the process of
removing dust from the fibre by fibre to fibre of fibre to metal friction during the
drawing process.
Unfortunately, dust removal can only be carried out to a significant degree when there
are high level of fibre/fibre or fibre/matal friction, since a large fraction the saallent
partieles (dust) adhere relatively strongly to the fibres. Such friction arises especially at
the card and the drawframe; in the latter case, mainly owing to the drafting operation.
The drawframe is therefore a good duat-removing machin on high-
performance draw frame equipped with appropriate suction removal systems, more
than 80% of the incoming dust is
extracted.
working procedure
* Four to eight card or draw frame slivers are fed to the drafting arrangement (3). A
feed roller pair (2) is located above each can (1) to enable the feeding step to be
performed in a controlled manner without false drafts. The feed roller pairs are
mounted in a creel frame or table and each is positively driven.
* The slivers running into the drafting arrangement leave it, after a draft of 4 to 8, as a
web lacking significant cohesion. In order to avoid disintegration of the web, which
would otherwise be unavoidable at the high operating speeds currently in use, it is
condensed into a sliver immediately after the drafting arrangement.
* This sliver is then guided through a tube (4) via a passage (6) of the tube gear into a
can (7), in which it must be laid in clean coils with optimal utilization of the space in
the can.
* To enable the can to take up as much material as possible, the sliver is compressed by
passing it through calendaring rollers (5).
Working principle of draw-frame:
Four to eight card or draw frame slivers are fed to the drafting arrangement. A feed
roller pair above each can feeds the material without false drafts. The slivers runs into
the drafting arrangement, subjected to a draft of 4 to 8 and leave it as a web and
condensed into a sliver immediately. This sliver is then guided through a tube via a
passage of the tube gear into a can, in which it must be laid in clean coils with optimal
utilization of the space in the can by sliver compressing with passing it through
calendaring rollers.
Actions Involved in Draw Frame
Drafting: It is the process of increasing length per unit weight of sliver. It is mainly
due to peripheral speed of the rollers.
Doubling: The process of combing two or more carded sliver into a single form is
called doubling. In draw frame m/c generally six slivers are fed to convert into one i.e.
six doubling.
Drawing: In the cotton industry the term is applied exclusively to processing on the
draw frame, where the operation is one of doubling and drafting. Drawing= Drafting +
Doubling.
Requirements of drafting arrangement
The drafting arrangement is the heart of the draw frame. Drafting arrangement exerts
most decisive influences on sliver quality. The requirements placed on the drafting
arrangements are mentioned bellow:-
1. Simple, uncomplicated construction.
2. Stable design with smooth running roller. IT means rollers should be centric and
smooth running.
3. A mode of operation giving a high quality product at even high running speeds.
4. High Degree of flexibility, suitability for all raw materials.
5. Optimal control over the movement of the fibers during the drafting operation.
6. High precision in both of operation and adjustment.
7. Rapid and simple adjustability of roller spacing and draft levels.
8. Ease of maintenance of cleanings.
9. Optimal ergonomic design.
* Bottom roller: Bottom rollers are made of steel driven from main gear transmission.
They are positively driven from main gear transmission. On order to improve their
ability to carry the fibers along, they are formed with flutes of one of the following
types.
1. Axial flutes
2. Spiral flutes
3. Knurled flutes
* Top roller: The top rollers are not positively driven; they are mounted by the means
of ball bearings. These top rollers are made of steel and they are covered with thick
coating of synthetic rubber. An important matter avoid this coating is its hardness. Soft
rubbers coating can grip the fiber strand more perfectly than that of hard one, but soft
coating of rubber wear out more quickly. Hardness of rubber coating on top rollers in
specified in terms of degree shore.
Soft coating -> 60-70 degree shore
Medium coating -> 70-90 degree shore
Absorb coating-> Above 90 degree shore
