MACARAEG, KATHLEEN MAE SALAMANCA

(BSCE:NCE2)

PROBLEM 10

A college student sent a postcard to her parents with the message:

SEND
+ MORE
= MONEY

If each letter represents a digit (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) with different letters representing different digits and the same
letter representing the same digit each time it occurs, how much money is being requested. (SEND for the
school tuition and MORE for the expenses.)

SOLUTION

SEND+MORE<9999+9999=19998<20000. So, we must have M=1.

Now we have two cases: S+M+1=10+O or S+M=10+O

S=8+O or S=9+O

O can’t be equal to 1 (we have M=1) and S ≤ 9. Therefore, O=0 and S=8 or S=9.

If S=8, then E+O=10+N or E+O+1=10+N.

E=10+N or E=9+N

Since N ≥ 2, we have that S ≠ 8.

So, S=9.

E+O=N or E+O+1=N
E=N or E+1=N

Since E and N are different letters, we have E+1=N.

We can get it, if N+R=10+E or N+R+1=10+E.

So, R=9 or R=8. Since S=9, it follows that R=8.

We got R=8 from N+R+1=10+E. It means, that D+E=10+Y.

D+E ≤ 6+7=13. So, 2 ≤ Y ≤ 3

If Y=3, then (E=6 and D=7) or (E=7 and D=6).

If E=6, then N=E+1=7=D. If E=7, then N=E+1=8=R.

We have that Y=2.

MACARAEG, KATHLEEN MAE SALAMANCA
(BSCE:NCE2)

If Y=2, then D+E=12.

3 ≤ D ≤7

D=3, E=9=S
D=4, E=8=R
D=5, E=7, N=E+1=8=R
D=6, E=6=D
D=7, E=5, N=E+1=6

Then M=1, O=0, S=9, R=8, Y=2, D=7, E=5, N=6

ANSWER:

SEND+MORE=MONEY

9567+1085=10652

MONEY=Php 10,652

PROBLEM 9

Two players, A and B, takes turns in the following game. There is a pile of six matchsticks. At a turn, a player must
take one or two sticks from the remaining pile. The player who takes the last stick wins. Player A makes the first
move and each player always makes the best possible move. Who wins the game?

SOLUTION

If Player A chooses to go first in this scenario and takes 1, Player B will take 2, and Player A will now have
three turns remaining.

If player A goes first and takes two, player B takes one, then player A now has three turns remaining.

Player B now wins regardless of what Player A does.

ANSWER:

In this case, Player B always wins.

MACARAEG, KATHLEEN MAE SALAMANCA
(BSCE:NCE2)

PROBLEM 7

At a tuition centre, some teachers teach English while others teach mathematics or both subjects. Fifty-two teachers
teach English and 38 teachers teach mathematics. Of these, 22 teachers teach both subjects. How many teachers are
there in the tuition centre?

SOLUTION

52 English teachers – 22 Teachers of both subjects = 30 English Teachers

38 Math teachers - 22 Teachers of both Subjects = 16 Math Teachers
22 teachers teaching both Math and English.

BOTH

30 22 16

ENGLISH TEACHER MATH TEACHER

ANSWER:

30 + 16 + 22 = 68

Therefore, there are 68 teachers in the tuition centre.

MACARAEG, KATHLEEN MAE SALAMANCA
(BSCE:NCE2)

PROBLEM 6

Three people can sit around a triangular table. Four people can sit around two such tables. How many people can sit
around 10 such tables?

SOLUTION

1 table: 3 people
2 tables: 4 people
3 tables: 5 people

Then, let x tables be x+2 people

So, when if x=10

10+2=12

ANSWER:

12 people can sit at 10 triangular table.

MACARAEG, KATHLEEN MAE SALAMANCA
(BSCE:NCE2)

PROBLEM 4

Ten people can sit around a rectangular table for a meal. When two such tables are joined side by side, 18 people can sit
around the two tables. When three such tables are joined sided by side, 26 people can sit around the three tables. How
many such rectangular tables are needed for 90 people to sit together?

SOLUTION

We’ll use the Arithmetic Sequence Formula:

An = A1 + (n-1) d

where

An = 90, the last term

A1 = 10, the first term

d = 18 – 10 = 8, the common differennce

n = ? (nth term)

Solve for nth term or the required rectangular tables to fit 90 people

An = A1 + (n-1) d

Substitute values:

90 = 10 + (n-1) 8

Multiply (n-1) and 8

90 = 10 + 8n – 8

Subtract 10 and 8

90 = 2 + 8n

Transpause by subtracting both sides by 2

88 = 8n
MACARAEG, KATHLEEN MAE SALAMANCA
(BSCE:NCE2)

Lastly, divide both sides by 8

Then we will get 11 = n or n = 11

ANSWER:

Therefore, to accommodate 90 people, 11 rectangular tables are needed.