1. signal called a carrier.

2. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest and simplest form of modulation.

3. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier is changed in accordance with the amplitude and frequency or the characteristics of the modulating signal_ The carrier frequency remains
constant.
4. The amplitude variation of the carrier peaks has the shape of the modulating signal and is referred to as the envelope.
5. A time-domain display shows amplitude versus time variation of AM and other signals.
6. Amplitude modulation is produced by a circuit called a modulator which has two inputs and an output.
7. The modulator performs a mathematical multiplication of the carrier and information signals. The output is their analog product
8. The carrier in an AM signal is a sine wave that may be modulated by either analog or digital information signals.
9. Amplitude modulation of a carrier by a binary signal produces amplitude shift keying (ASK).
10. The ratio of the peak voltage value of the modulating signal 14, to the peak value of the carrier V,is called the modulation index m = Vm1V0_ It is also referred to as
 the modulation coefficient or factor and the degree of modulation.

11. The ideal value for 171 iS 1. Typically J7? S less than 1. The condition where in is greater than 1 should be avoided as it introduces serious distortion of the modulating signal. This is
called overmodulation.
12. When the modulation index is multiplied by loCF, it is called the percentage of modulation.
13. The percentage of modulation can be computed from AM waveforms displayed on an oscilloscope by using the expression

where Vex is the maximum peak carrier amplitude and V,rin is the minimum peak carrier amplitude.

14. The new signals generated by the modulation process are called sidebands and occur at frequencies above and below the carrier frequency.
15. The upper fus and lower foss sideband frequencies are the sum and difference of the carrier frequency Band the modulating frequency frr, and are computed with the
expressions

t-cF fm

Ass = r,- f,„

16. A display of signal amplitudes with respect to frequency is called a freq uency-domain display.
17. An AM signal can be viewed as the carrier signal added to the sideband signals produced by AM.
18. The total transmitted power in an AM signal is the sum of the carrier and sideband powers PT= Pc I- PJSB + .RSB) and is distributed among the carrier and sidebands. This power
distribution varies with the percentage of modulation. The total power is

Fr=13 1+aM
,., (

The power in each sideband is

19. The higher the percentage of modulation, the greater the sideband power and the stronger and more intelligible the transmitted and received signal.
20. Despite its simplicity and effectiveness, AM is a highly inefficient method of modulation.
21. In an AM signal, the carrier contains no information. Any transmitted information lies solely in the sideband. For that reason, the carrier may be suppressed and not transmitted.
22. An AM signal with suppressed carrier is called a doublesideband (DSB) signal.
23. Since the same transmitted information is contained in both
upper and lower sidebands, one is redundant Full
information can be transmitted using only one sideband.
24. An AM signal with no carrier and one sideband is called a single-sideband (SSE) signal. The upper and lower sidebands contain the same information, and one is not preferred
over the other.
25. The main advantage of an SSE AM signal over an AM or DSB signal is that it occupies one-half the spectrum space.
26. Both DSB and SSE, signals are more efficient in terms of power usage. The power wasted in the useless carrier is saved, thereby allowing more power to be put into the sidebands.
27. Power in an SSE transmitter is rated in terms of peak envelope power {'EP;, the power that is produced on voice peaks. PEP output is computed using the expression

where PEP is in watts and V is the rms voltage across the antenna load impedance R The PEP input is computed using the expression

28. signal called a carrier.

29. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest and simplest form of modulation.
30. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier is changed in accordance with the amplitude and frequency or the characteristics of the modulating signal_ The carrier frequency remains
constant.
31. The amplitude variation of the carrier peaks has the shape of the modulating signal and is referred to as the envelope.
32. A time-domain display shows amplitude versus time variation of AM and other signals.
33. Amplitude modulation is produced by a circuit called a modulator which has two inputs and an output.
34. The modulator performs a mathematical multiplication of the carrier and information signals. The output is their analog product
35. The carrier in an AM signal is a sine wave that may be modulated by either analog or digital information signals.
36. Amplitude modulation of a carrier by a binary signal produces amplitude shift keying (ASK).
37. The ratio of the peak voltage value of the modulating signal 14, to the peak value of the carrier V,is called the modulation index m = Vm1V0_ It is also referred to as
 the modulation coefficient or factor and the degree of modulation.

38. The ideal value for 171 iS 1. Typically J7? S less than 1. The condition where in is greater than 1 should be avoided as it introduces serious distortion of the modulating signal. This is
called overmodulation.
39. When the modulation index is multiplied by loCF, it is called the percentage of modulation.
40. The percentage of modulation can be computed from AM waveforms displayed on an oscilloscope by using the expression

where Vex is the maximum peak carrier amplitude and V,rin is the minimum peak carrier amplitude.

41. The new signals generated by the modulation process are called sidebands and occur at frequencies above and below the carrier frequency.
42. The upper fus and lower foss sideband frequencies are the sum and difference of the carrier frequency Band the modulating frequency frr, and are computed with the
expressions

t-cF fm

Ass = r,- f,„

43. A display of signal amplitudes with respect to frequency is called a freq uency-domain display.
44. An AM signal can be viewed as the carrier signal added to the sideband signals produced by AM.
45. The total transmitted power in an AM signal is the sum of the carrier and sideband powers PT= Pc I- PJSB + .RSB) and is distributed among the carrier and sidebands. This power
distribution varies with the percentage of modulation. The total power is

Fr=13 1+aM
,., (

The power in each sideband is

46. The higher the percentage of modulation, the greater the sideband power and the stronger and more intelligible the transmitted and received signal.
47. Despite its simplicity and effectiveness, AM is a highly inefficient method of modulation.
48. In an AM signal, the carrier contains no information. Any transmitted information lies solely in the sideband. For that reason, the carrier may be suppressed and not transmitted.
49. An AM signal with suppressed carrier is called a doublesideband (DSB) signal.
50. Since the same transmitted information is contained in both
upper and lower sidebands, one is redundant Full
information can be transmitted using only one sideband.
51. An AM signal with no carrier and one sideband is called a single-sideband (SSE) signal. The upper and lower sidebands contain the same information, and one is not preferred
over the other.
52. The main advantage of an SSE AM signal over an AM or DSB signal is that it occupies one-half the spectrum space.
53. Both DSB and SSE, signals are more efficient in terms of power usage. The power wasted in the useless carrier is saved, thereby allowing more power to be put into the sidebands.
54. Power in an SSE transmitter is rated in terms of peak envelope power {'EP;, the power that is produced on voice peaks. PEP output is computed using the expression

where PEP is in watts and V is the rms voltage across the antenna load impedance R The PEP input is computed using the expression

55. signal called a carrier.

56. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest and simplest form of modulation.
57. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier is changed in accordance with the amplitude and frequency or the characteristics of the modulating signal_ The carrier frequency remains
constant.
58. The amplitude variation of the carrier peaks has the shape of the modulating signal and is referred to as the envelope.
59. A time-domain display shows amplitude versus time variation of AM and other signals.
60. Amplitude modulation is produced by a circuit called a modulator which has two inputs and an output.
61. The modulator performs a mathematical multiplication of the carrier and information signals. The output is their analog product
62. The carrier in an AM signal is a sine wave that may be modulated by either analog or digital information signals.
63. Amplitude modulation of a carrier by a binary signal produces amplitude shift keying (ASK).
64. The ratio of the peak voltage value of the modulating signal 14, to the peak value of the carrier V,is called the modulation index m = Vm1V0_ It is also referred to as
 the modulation coefficient or factor and the degree of modulation.

65. The ideal value for 171 iS 1. Typically J7? S less than 1. The condition where in is greater than 1 should be avoided as it introduces serious distortion of the modulating signal. This is
called overmodulation.
66. When the modulation index is multiplied by loCF, it is called the percentage of modulation.
67. The percentage of modulation can be computed from AM waveforms displayed on an oscilloscope by using the expression

where Vex is the maximum peak carrier amplitude and V,rin is the minimum peak carrier amplitude.

68. The new signals generated by the modulation process are called sidebands and occur at frequencies above and below the carrier frequency.
69. The upper fus and lower foss sideband frequencies are the sum and difference of the carrier frequency Band the modulating frequency frr, and are computed with the
expressions

t-cF fm

Ass = r,- f,„

70. A display of signal amplitudes with respect to frequency is called a freq uency-domain display.
71. An AM signal can be viewed as the carrier signal added to the sideband signals produced by AM.
72. The total transmitted power in an AM signal is the sum of the carrier and sideband powers PT= Pc I- PJSB + .RSB) and is distributed among the carrier and sidebands. This power
distribution varies with the percentage of modulation. The total power is

Fr=13 1+aM
,., (

The power in each sideband is

73. The higher the percentage of modulation, the greater the sideband power and the stronger and more intelligible the transmitted and received signal.
74. Despite its simplicity and effectiveness, AM is a highly inefficient method of modulation.
75. In an AM signal, the carrier contains no information. Any transmitted information lies solely in the sideband. For that reason, the carrier may be suppressed and not transmitted.
76. An AM signal with suppressed carrier is called a doublesideband (DSB) signal.
77. Since the same transmitted information is contained in both
upper and lower sidebands, one is redundant Full
information can be transmitted using only one sideband.
78. An AM signal with no carrier and one sideband is called a single-sideband (SSE) signal. The upper and lower sidebands contain the same information, and one is not preferred
over the other.
79. The main advantage of an SSE AM signal over an AM or DSB signal is that it occupies one-half the spectrum space.
80. Both DSB and SSE, signals are more efficient in terms of power usage. The power wasted in the useless carrier is saved, thereby allowing more power to be put into the sidebands.
81. Power in an SSE transmitter is rated in terms of peak envelope power {'EP;, the power that is produced on voice peaks. PEP output is computed using the expression

where PEP is in watts and V is the rms voltage across the antenna load impedance R The PEP input is computed using the expression

82. signal called a carrier.

83. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest and simplest form of modulation.
84. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier is changed in accordance with the amplitude and frequency or the characteristics of the modulating signal_ The carrier frequency remains
constant.
85. The amplitude variation of the carrier peaks has the shape of the modulating signal and is referred to as the envelope.
86. A time-domain display shows amplitude versus time variation of AM and other signals.
87. Amplitude modulation is produced by a circuit called a modulator which has two inputs and an output.
88. The modulator performs a mathematical multiplication of the carrier and information signals. The output is their analog product
89. The carrier in an AM signal is a sine wave that may be modulated by either analog or digital information signals.
90. Amplitude modulation of a carrier by a binary signal produces amplitude shift keying (ASK).
91. The ratio of the peak voltage value of the modulating signal 14, to the peak value of the carrier V,is called the modulation index m = Vm1V0_ It is also referred to as
 the modulation coefficient or factor and the degree of modulation.

92. The ideal value for 171 iS 1. Typically J7? S less than 1. The condition where in is greater than 1 should be avoided as it introduces serious distortion of the modulating signal. This is
called overmodulation.
93. When the modulation index is multiplied by loCF, it is called the percentage of modulation.
94. The percentage of modulation can be computed from AM waveforms displayed on an oscilloscope by using the expression

where Vex is the maximum peak carrier amplitude and V,rin is the minimum peak carrier amplitude.

95. The new signals generated by the modulation process are called sidebands and occur at frequencies above and below the carrier frequency.
96. The upper fus and lower foss sideband frequencies are the sum and difference of the carrier frequency Band the modulating frequency frr, and are computed with the
expressions

t-cF fm

Ass = r,- f,„

97. A display of signal amplitudes with respect to frequency is called a freq uency-domain display.
98. An AM signal can be viewed as the carrier signal added to the sideband signals produced by AM.
99. The total transmitted power in an AM signal is the sum of the carrier and sideband powers PT= Pc I- PJSB + .RSB) and is distributed among the carrier and sidebands. This power
distribution varies with the percentage of modulation. The total power is

Fr=13 1+aM
,., (

The power in each sideband is

100. The higher the percentage of modulation, the greater the sideband power and the stronger and more intelligible the transmitted and received signal.
101. Despite its simplicity and effectiveness, AM is a highly inefficient method of modulation.
102. In an AM signal, the carrier contains no information. Any transmitted information lies solely in the sideband. For that reason, the carrier may be suppressed and not transmitted.
103. An AM signal with suppressed carrier is called a doublesideband (DSB) signal.
104. Since the same transmitted information is contained in both
upper and lower sidebands, one is redundant Full
information can be transmitted using only one sideband.
105. An AM signal with no carrier and one sideband is called a single-sideband (SSE) signal. The upper and lower sidebands contain the same information, and one is not preferred
over the other.
106. The main advantage of an SSE AM signal over an AM or DSB signal is that it occupies one-half the spectrum space.
107. Both DSB and SSE, signals are more efficient in terms of power usage. The power wasted in the useless carrier is saved, thereby allowing more power to be put into the sidebands.
108. Power in an SSE transmitter is rated in terms of peak envelope power {'EP;, the power that is produced on voice peaks. PEP output is computed using the expression

where PEP is in watts and V is the rms voltage across the antenna load impedance R The PEP input is computed using the expression