CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT SK025

NAME : LIM YE WOON

NO. OF EXPERIMENT :1
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 10/01/2023
PRACTICUM : F1P2
LECTURER’S NAME : GAN FIE CHUEN

Title EXPERIMENT 1: RATE OF REACTION

Objective(s) At the end of this lesson, students should be able to study the effect of concentration,
temperature, and catalyst on the reaction rate.

Theory Summary of introduction

The reaction rate is the change in concentration of the reactants or products per unit time.
The factors that influence the rate of reaction are temperature, pressure, catalyst, size of
particles and concentration of reactants.
The rate of a reaction can be studied by observing the change in the chemical or physical
properties of species involved in the reaction. The reaction rate is inversely proportional
to the time of the reaction, i.e., the faster the reaction occurs, the shorter is the time for
the reaction to complete.

Procedure(s) A complete report of the method, written in passive sentences

(A) The effect of concentration on the reaction rate
1. 50 mL of 0.2 M sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3 was placed using a burette into a 100
mL conical flask. The conical flask was put on the white paper with ‘X’ mark.
2. 10 mL of 0.1 M HCl was pipetted into the conical flask and immediately the
stopwatch was started. Stir continuously with a glass rod until the mark was no longer
visible and the time was recorded.
Note: The ‘X’ mark should be observed from the top of the conical flask.
3. Steps 1 till 2 were repeated with the addition of distilled water to the sodium
thiosulphate as instructed in Table 1.1.
4. The concentration of the sodium thiosulphate solution after the dilution and the value
1
of 𝑡
were calculated.

1
5. A graph of 𝑡
against the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution was plotted.
 6. Based on the graph, the relationship between the concentration of the sodium
thiosulphate solution with time and the rate of reaction were stated.
(B) The effect of temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate
1. 4 boiling tubes A1, A2, B1 and B2 were labeled.
2. 10 mL of 0.25 M oxalic acid, H2C2O4 solution was placed into boiling tubes A1 and
A2.
3. Boiling tubes B1 and B2 were placed with 5 mL of 0.02 M KMnO4 solution. Then add
10 mL of 2.0 M H2SO4 solution to both tubes.
4. 5 drops of 10% MnSO4 solution to B2 were added. The mixture was stirred.
5. Tubes A1 and B1 were placed in a water bath at a temperature of 30°C for about 3
minutes.
6. While tube A1 is still in the water bath,the solutions from tube B1 was poured into
tube A1. The stopwatch was started immediately.
7. The time taken for the mixture to turn colourless was recorded.
8. Steps 5 till 7 were repeated for tubes A2 and B2.
9. Steps 2 till 7 were followed for the temperatures of 35°C, 40°C and 50°C. Your results
were recorded in Table 1.2.
1
10. 𝑡
against the temperature was plotted for the mixture of (A1 + B1) and (A2 + B2)
solutions on the same graph.
11. Based on the graph, deduce the relationship between:
i. temperature and rate of reaction;
ii. catalyst and rate of reaction.

Results / Part A: The effect of concentration on reaction rate

Observations
Complete TABLE 1.1

Time taken
Volume of Volume of
Volume of for the cross
0.20 M distilled Concentration
0.10M HCl to disappear
Na2S2O3 water of Na2S2O3
(mL) (s)
(mL) (mL)
50.00 0.00 0.20 10.00 33.8 0.0296
40.00 10.00 0.16 10.00 39.8 0.0251
30.00 20.00 0.12 10.00 49.2 0.0203
20.00 30.00 0.08 10.00 83.3 0.0120
10.00 40.00 0.04 10.00 149.7 0.0067
TABLE 1.1
Part B: the effect of temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate.
Complete TABLE 1.2
 Time for colour of solution to disappear (s)

Temperature( Without catalyst With catalyst

MnSO4
°C) MnSO4
(A1 + B1)
(A2 + B2)

30 89.07 0.0112 46.71 0.0214

35 64.94 0.0154 30.31 0.0330

40 55.88 0.0179 24.93 0.0401

45 37.13 0.0269 16.00 0.0625

TABLE 1.2

Calculation Part A : The effect of concentration on reaction rate

1. Calculate the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate solution after dilution and

value of .

2. Plot graph of vs concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution

3. Based on the graph, state relationship between the concentration of Na2S2O3 solution
with time and the rate of reaction.
The concentration of Na2S2O3 solution with time is directly proportional to the rate of
reaction.

Part B: the effect of temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate.

1. Plot against the temperature for the mixtures of A1 + B1 and A2 + B2 solutions on

the same graph.
2. Base on graph, deduce the relationship between
i) Temperature and rate of reaction
1
𝑡
is directly proportional to the temperature.

ii) Catalyst and rate of reaction

The rate of reaction with a catalyst is faster than the rate of reaction without a
catalyst.

Discussion 1. Equations of reactions:

(A) Effect of concentration on the rate of reaction

2− 2+
𝑆2𝑂3 + 2𝐻 → 𝑆𝑂2 + 𝑆 + 𝐻2𝑂

(B) Effects of temperature and catalyst on the rate of reaction

− 2− + 2+
2𝑀𝑛𝑂4 + 5𝐶2𝑂4 + 10𝐻 → 2𝑀𝑛 + 10𝐶𝑂2 + 8𝐻2𝑂

2. Sources of the experimental errors

 i) Errors when measuring the time and the temperature

ii)Inconsistent stirring.

Exercises 1.What is the function of the catalyst in the above reactions?

The function of the catalyst in the above reaction is to increase the rate of a reaction by
providing an alternative pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy.
1
2.What does 𝑡
represent?

1
𝑡
represents the rate of reactant.

Conclusion The reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of solution

The reaction rate is directly proportional to the temperature.
The reaction rate The rate of reaction with a catalyst is faster than the rate of reaction
without a catalyst.