Principles of Inheritance and

Variation
1. A gene showing codominance has

A. One allele dominant on the other

B. Alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome
C. Alleles that are necessity to each other
D. Both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote
2. In his classic experiments on pea plants Mendel did not use

A. Seed colour
B. Pod length
C. Seed shape
D. Flower position
3. How many pairs of contrasting characters in pea plants were studied by
Mendel in his experiments?

A. Five
B. Six
C. Eight
D. Seven
4. Among the following characters, which one was not considered by
Mendel in his experiments on pea?

A. Stem - Tall or Dwarf

B. Trichomes - Glandular or Non - glandular
C. Seed - Green or Yellow
D. Pod - Inflated or Constricted
5. A disease caused by an autosomal primary nondisjunction is

A. Down’s syndrome
B. Klinefelter's syndrome
C. Turner’s syndrome
D. Sickle-cell anemia
6. A true breeding plant is

A. One that is able to breed on its own

B. Produced due to cross-pollination among unrelated plants
C. Near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind
D. Always homozygous recessive in its genetic constitution
7. If a colourblind man marries a woman who is homozygous for normal
colour vision, the probability of their son being colourblind is

A. 0
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 1
8. Which of the following most appropriately describes haemophilia?

A. X-linked recessive gene disorder

B. Chromosomal disorder
C. Dominant gene disorder
D. Recessive gene disorder
9. The term “linkage” was coined by :

A. TH Morgan
B. T Boveri
C. G Mendel
D. W Sulton
10. In the following human pedigree, the filled symbols represent the affected individuals,
identify the type of given pedigree

A. Autosomal dominant
B. X-linked recessive
C. Autosomal recessive
D. X-linked dominant
11. A pleiotropic gene

A. Is expressed only in primitive plants

B. Is a genet involved during Pliocene
C. Controls a trait only in combination With another gene
D. Control multiple traits in an individual
12. Alleles are

A. Different phenotype
B. True breeding homozygotes
C. Different molecular forms of a gene
D. Heterozygotes
13. A man whose father was colourblind marries woman, who has a colourblind
mother and normal father. What percentage of male children of this couple
will be colourblind ?

A. 25%
B. 0%
C. 50%
D. 75%
14. A human female with turner's syndrome

A. Has 45 chromosomes with XO

B. Has one additional x - chromosomes
C. Exhibits male characters
D. Is able to produce children with normal husband
15. The incorrect statement with regard to haemophilia is

A. It is a sex - linked disease

B. It is a recessive disease
C. It is a dominant disease
D. A single protein involved in the clotting of blood effected
16. Which one of the following conditions correctly the manner of determining the
sex in the given example ?

A. XO type of sex chromosomes determine male sex in grasshopper

B. XO condition in humans an found in turner syndrome, determines female sex
C. Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX) produce male in drosophila
D. Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine female sex in birds
17. The genotype of a plant showing the dominant phenotype can be
determined by

A. Test cross
B. Dihybrid cross
C. Pedigree analysis
D. Back cross
18. ABO blood group in humans are controlled by the gene I. It has three
alleles -IA, IB and i. Since there are three different alleles, six different
genotypes are possible. How many phenotypes can occur?

A. Three
B. One
C. Four
D. Two
19. Sickle cell anaemia is

A. An autosomal linked dominant trait

B. Caused by substitution of valine by glutamic acid in the β - globin chain of
haemoglobin
C. Caused by a change in base pair of DNA
D. Characterized by elongated sickle like RBCs with a nucleus
21. Point mutation involves

A. Insertion
B. Change in single base pair
C. Duplication
D. Deletion
22. Study the pedigree chart given below

What does it show ?

A. Inheritance of a sex - linked inborn error of metabolism like phenylketonuria
B. Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait
C. The pedigree chart is wrong as this is not possible
D. Inheritance of a recessive sex - linked disease like haemophilia
23. Inheritance of skin colour in humans an example of :

A. Chromosomal aberration
B. Point mutation
C. Polygenic inheritance
D. Codominance
24. In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green. If heterozygous yellow
seeded plant is crossed with a green seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and
green plants would you expect in F1 generation ?

A. 50 : 50
B. 9:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1
25. The genotypes of a husband and Wife are IAIB and IAi.

A. 3 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
B. 4 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
C. 4 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
D. 3 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
26. A man with blood group ‘A’ marries a woman with blood group ‘B’. What
are all the possible blood group of their offsprings ?

A. A and B
B. A, B and AB
C. A, B, AB and O
D. Only O
27. Pick out the correct statements.
I. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease
II. Down’s syndrome is due to aneuploidy
III. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene disorder
IV. Sickle cell anaemia is an x - linked recessive gene disorder

A. II and IV are correct

B. I, III and IV are correct
C. I, II and III are correct
D. I and IV are correct
28. What is the genetic disorder in which an individual has an overall
masculine development gynaecomastia, and is sterile?

A. Down’s syndrome
B. Turner’s syndrome
C. Klinefelter’s syndrome
D. Edward syndrome
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Set-1
29. Which of the following statements is correct?
Options:
(a) Adenine pairs with thymine through two H-bonds.
(b) Adenine pairs with thymine through one H-bond.
(c) Adenine pairs with thymine through three H-bonds.
(d) Adenine does not pair with thymine.
30. Purines found both in DNA and RNA are
Options:
(a) cytosine and thymine
(b) adenine and thymine
(c) adenine and guanine
(d) guanine and cytosine.
Answer: (c)
31. In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded,17% of the bases were
shown to be cytosine. The % of the other three bases expected to be
present in this DNA are
Options:
(a) G 17%, A 33%, T 33%
(b) G 8.5%, A 50%, T 24.5%
(c) G 34%, A 24.5%, T 24.5%
(d) G 17%, A 16.5%, T 32.5%.
Answer: (a)
32. The experimental proof for semi-conservative replication of DNA was
first shown in a
Options:
(a) fungus
(b) bacterium
(c) plant
(d) virus
33. Which one of the following is not applicable to RNA?
Options:
(a) Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases
(b) Chargaff’s rule
(c) Complementary base pairing
(d) 5’ phosphoryl and 3’ hydroxyl ends
34. During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
Options:
(a) the lagging strand towards replication fork
(b) the leading strand away from replication fork
(c) the lagging strand away from the replication fork
(d) the leading strand towards the replication fork.
35. Name the enzyme that facilitates opening of DNA helix during
transcription
Options:
(a) DNA ligase
(b) DNA helicase
(c) DNA polymerase
(d) RNA polymerase
36. AGGTATCGCAT is a sequence from the coding strand of a gene.
What will be the corresponding sequence of the transcribed mRNA?
Options:
(a) AGGUAUCGCAU
(b) UGGTUTCGCAT
(c) ACCUAUGCGAU
(d) UCCAUAGCGUA
37. The equivalent of a structural gene is
Options:
(a) muton
(b) cistron
(c) operon
(d) recon.
38. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes transcription on one
strand of the DNA which is called the
Options:
(a) template strand
(b) coding strand
(c) alpha strand
(d) antistrand.
39. Which of the following features of genetic code does allow bacteria to
produce human insulin by recombinant DNA technology?
Options:
(a) Genetic code is specific.
(b) Genetic code is not ambiguous.
(c) Genetic code is redundant.
(d) Genetic code is nearly universal.
40. Which one of the following is the starter codon?
Options:
(a) UAA
(b) UAG
(c) AUG
(d) UGA
41. The first phase of translation is
Options:
(a) binding of mRNA to ribosome
(b) recognition of DNA molecule
(c) aminoacylation of tRNA
(d) recognition of an anticodon.
42.A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA is known as
Options:
(a) polypeptide
(b) Okazaki fragment
(c) polysome
(d) polymer.
43. Select the correct match.
Options:
(a) Alec Jeffreys - Streptococcus pneumoniae
(b) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase - TMV
(c) Matthew Meselson and F. Stahl- Pisum sativum
(d) Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod- Lac operon
Answer: (d)
44. All of the following are part of an operon except
Options:
(a) an operator
(b) structural genes
(c) an enhancer
(d) a promoter.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Set-2
If the length of a DNA molecules is 1.1 metres, what will be
the approximate number of base pairs?

A
6.6X106 bp

B
3.3X109 bp

C
6.6X109 bp

D
3.3X106 bp
If the length of a DNA molecules is 1.1 metres, what will be
the approximate number of base pairs?

A
6.6X106 bp

B
3.3X109 bp

C
6.6X109 bp

D
3.3X106 bp
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

DNA fragments are

NEET-2017
A
positively charged

B
negatively charged

C
neutral

D either positively or negatively charged

depending on their size
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

DNA fragments are

NEET-2017
A
positively charged

B
negatively charged

C
neutral

D either positively or negatively charged

depending on their size
Quick
Check

Transformation was discovered by

NEET-2014

A Meseson and Stahl

B Hershey and Chase

C Griffith

D Waston and Crick

Quick
Check

Transformation was discovered by

NEET-2014

A Meseson and Stahl

B Hershey and Chase

C Griffith

D Waston and Crick

Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which one of the following experiments of Frederick Griffith

resulted in the discovery of bacterial transformation?
NEET-2022
A S-stain(heat-killed) — injected into Mice
— Mice lived

B S-strain (heat killed) + R-strain(live) —

injected into Mice — Mice died

C
S-stain — injected into Mice —Mice died

D
R-strain — injected into Mice — Mice lived
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which one of the following experiments of Frederick Griffith

resulted in the discovery of bacterial transformation?
NEET-2022
A S-stain(heat-killed) — injected into Mice
— Mice lived

B S-strain (heat killed) + R-strain(live) —

injected into Mice — Mice died

C
S-stain — injected into Mice —Mice died

D
R-strain — injected into Mice — Mice lived
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which scientist experimentally proved that DNA is the sole

genetic material in bacteriophage?
NEET-2019
A
Beadle and Tatum

B
Messelson and Stahl

C
Hershey and Chase

D
Jacob and Monod
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which scientist experimentally proved that DNA is the sole

genetic material in bacteriophage?
NEET-2019
A
Beadle and Tatum

B
Messelson and Stahl

C
Hershey and Chase

D
Jacob and Monod
Quick
Check

Which one of the following is not a criterion of genetic

material?
NEET-2022
Should not provide the scope for
A
changes for evolution
Should be able to express itself in
B
the form of Mendelian character
Should be able to generate its
C
replica

D Should be stable chemically and

structurally
Quick
Check

Which one of the following is not a criterion of genetic

material?
NEET-2022
Should not provide the scope for
A
changes for evolution
Should be able to express itself in
B
the form of Mendelian character
Should be able to generate its
C
replica

D Should be stable chemically and

structurally
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Taylor conducted the experiments to prove semi-conservative

mode of chromosome replication on
NEET-2016
A
Vinca rosea
B
Vicia faba

C
Drosophila melanogaster

D
E. coli
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Taylor conducted the experiments to prove semi-conservative

mode of chromosome replication on
NEET-2016
A
Vinca rosea
B
Vicia faba

C
Drosophila melanogaster

D
E. coli
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to

elongate
NEET-2017
A
leading strand towards replication fork

B lagging strand towards replication fork

C
leading strand away from replication fork

D
lagging strand away from replication fork
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to

elongate
NEET-2017
A
leading strand towards replication fork

B lagging strand towards replication fork

C
leading strand away from replication fork

D
lagging strand away from replication fork
Quick
Check

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription on

one strand of the DNA which is called the
NEET-2016

A Template strand

B Coding strand

C Alpha strand

D Anti strand
Quick
Check

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription on

one strand of the DNA which is called the
NEET-2016

A Template strand

B Coding strand

C Alpha strand

D Anti strand
Practice Time
NEET PYQ
Which is the Only enzyme" that has the "Capability" to catalyze
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination in the process of
transcription in prokaryotes?
NEET-2021
A
DNA Ligase

B
DNase

C
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

D
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Practice Time
NEET PYQ
Which is the Only enzyme" that has the "Capability" to catalyze
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination in the process of
transcription in prokaryotes?
NEET-2021
A
DNA Ligase

B
DNase

C
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

D
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
 Concept Map

Ribose in RNA Deoxyribose in DNA

Sugar
Phosphate Group Nitrogen Bases

Made of Nucleotides

Polynucleotide Chain

Molecular Basis
Genetic Code of Inheritance Genetic Material

Replication
 transcription translation
DNA mRNA protein

Central Dogma

Molecular Basis of
In Prokaryotes Transcription Inheritance

In Eukaryotes
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

From the following, identify the correct combination of salient

features of the Genetic Code
NEET-2019
A
Universal, Non-ambiguous, Overlapping

B
Degenerate, Overlapping, Commaless

C
Universal, Ambiguous, Degenerate

D Degenerate, Non-overlapping, Non-

ambiguous
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

From the following, identify the correct combination of salient

features of the Genetic Code
NEET-2019
A
Universal, Non-ambiguous, Overlapping

B
Degenerate, Overlapping, Commaless

C
Universal, Ambiguous, Degenerate

D Degenerate, Non-overlapping, Non-

ambiguous
Quick
Check

Against the codon 3' UAC 5', what would be the sequence of
anticodon on tRNA?
NEET - 2022

A 5' AUG 3'

B 5' ATG 3'

C 5' GTA 3'

D 5' GUA 3'

Quick
Check

Against the codon 3' UAC 5', what would be the sequence of
anticodon on tRNA?
NEET - 2022

A 5' AUG 3'

B 5' ATG 3'

C 5' GTA 3'

D 5' GUA 3'

Practice Time
NEET PYQ
If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino
acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the
RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?
NEET-2017
A
11

B
33

C
333

D
1
Practice Time
NEET PYQ
If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino
acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the
RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?
NEET-2017
A
11

B
33

C
333

D
1
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which of the followings required as inducer (s) for the

expression of Lac Operon?
NEET-2016
A
galactose

B
lactose

C
lactose and galactose

D
glucose
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which of the followings required as inducer (s) for the

expression of Lac Operon?
NEET-2016
A
galactose

B
lactose

C
lactose and galactose

D
glucose
Quick
Check

In history of biology, human genome project led to the

development of:
AIPMT- 2011

A Biosystematics

B Biotechnology

C Biomonitoring

D Bioinformatics
Quick
Check

In history of biology, human genome project led to the

development of:
AIPMT- 2011

A Biosystematics

B Biotechnology

C Biomonitoring

D Bioinformatics
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which is the basis of genetic mapping of the human

genome as well as DNA fingerprinting?
NEET-2020
A
Polymorphism in the DNA sequence

B
Single nucleotide polymorphism

C
Polymorphism in the hnRNA sequence

D
Polymorphism in the RNA sequence
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

Which is the basis of genetic mapping of the human

genome as well as DNA fingerprinting?
NEET-2020
A
Polymorphism in the DNA sequence

B
Single nucleotide polymorphism

C
Polymorphism in the hnRNA sequence

D
Polymorphism in the RNA sequence
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

DNA polymorphism forms the basis of

NEET-2022
A
Translation

B
Genetic mapping

C
DNA fingerprinting

D Both genetic mapping and DNA

fingerprinting
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

DNA polymorphism forms the basis of

NEET-2022
A
Translation

B
Genetic mapping

C
DNA fingerprinting

D Both genetic mapping and DNA

fingerprinting
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

DNA fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some

specific regions in DNA sequence called:
NEET-2021
A
Single nucleotides

B
Polymorphic DNA

C
Satellite DNA

D
Repetitive DNA
Practice Time
NEET PYQ

DNA fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some

specific regions in DNA sequence called:
NEET-2021
A
Single nucleotides

B
Polymorphic DNA

C
Satellite DNA

D
Repetitive DNA
Central Dogma
Lac Operon
DNA Fingerprinting