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Fingerprints
Asraa Alshammari
Omar Saad
Seham Alrasheedi
Shoug Nemer
Zahraa Almutawaa

ENGLISH LANGUAGE 221

Kuwait University

Instructor Name: Amal Alhunaidi

Date: 26.5.2022
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Table of content

Abstract 3

Introduction 4

Methodology 6

Results and Discussion 7

Conclusion

References
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Abstract

Keywords:

Fingerprints, ACE-V , Automated Fingerprint

System, DNA, Unique

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Introduction to people dates from the fourteenth century.

Within the fifteenth century the physiologist

1. Definition & History
Marcelo Malpighi inspected fingerprints
What are Fingerprints ?
beneath a magnifying lens and noted edges

“Fingerprints are the tiny ridges, whorls and and circles. The pioneer in fingerprints

valley patterns on the tip of each finger.”(1) recognizable proof was Sir Francis Galton an

for the longest time people tried to find a way English Victorian polymath, anthropologist,

to be unique, with Fingerprints it was and psychometrician, who was the first to

possible, since a Unique finger impression is show fingerprints can be distinguished

furrowed designs that shape on our separately scientifically. Within the early

fingerprints. They create amid a mother’s seventeenth century, Galton ( a cousin of

pregnancy all through the primary seven Charles Darwin ) considered fingerprints to

months. It moreover an impression or stamp look for out hereditary characteristics. He

made on a surface by a person’s fingertip, decided through his considers not as it were

able to be utilized for recognizing people that no two fingerprints are exactly alike, but

from the one-of-a-kind design of whorls and also that fingerprints stay steady all through

lines on the fingerprints. We all have an individual lifetime. Galton provided the

interesting, person fingerprints arrangement. primary workable unique finger impression

Our qualities impact the designs of edges on classification system. It did not take that long

our fingers, palms, toes, and feet. The for law requirement authorities to perceive

primary locates of fingerprints utilize was in the potential value of fingerprints evidence.

antiquated Babylon and China, where it was Sir Edward Richard Henry , a British official

seen utilized on clay tablets and seals as stationed in India, began to develop a system

marks. The idea of fingerprints being unique of fingerprints identification for Indian
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criminals. Sir Francis Galton research was Sir Edward Henry created the fingerprint

used to create a fingerprint system by police classification system, which was originally

officer, Juan Vucetic in Argentina.(2) adopted as the official system in England and

then went over the world. Edward Henry

2. Types & Patterns
noticed that fingerprints had three basic
Fingerprints are much more distinct than
patterns, called friction ridges, that are made
DNA, the genetic substance that makes up
up of an array of ridges. These ridges have
each of our cells. Identical twins can have the
evolved in such a way that they assist people
same DNA, or at least a great part of it, but it
in gripping and holding onto objects.
is “slim to none” (3)
to have the same
Furthermore, the roughness stops items from
fingerprints.
slipping and sliding as they would if the skin

were smooth. . Fingerprint ridges produce

patterns known as loops, whorls, and arches.

The FBI still uses these shapes and textures,

which were subdivided into eight

fundamental patterns.(4)(5)

a- Loops

The ridges loop backward but do not twist. It

starts on one side of the finger, curves around

or upwards, and then exit on the opposite

side. These can be found in around 60 to 70

percent of fingerprints.(5)

Fig.(1):Identical twins have different fingerprints.

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b- Whorls surface create latent fingerprints. To the

naked eye, this form of the fingerprint is

A whorl's ridges make a turn through at least
undetectable. Blood, grease, ink, and dirt can
one circle. As a result, any pattern including
all be used to create patent fingerprints. The
two or more deltas is a whorl. These can be
naked eye can easily see this form of a
identified in roughly 25 to 35 percent of all
fingerprint. Plastic fingerprints are three-
fingerprints examined.(5)
dimensional prints created by pressing your
c- Arches
fingertips against freshly applied paint, wax,

The ridges of the finger continue from one soap, or tar. Plastic fingerprints, like patent

side to the other without turning backward. fingerprints, are plainly visible to the naked

These are seen in around 5% of all eye and do not require any additional

fingerprints analyzed.(5) processing.(6)

Methodology

1. Different Patterns Test

A test was done on Kuwait university student

who were willing to participate in this

research to compare different patterns of

fingerprints . The participants of this test

were from different majors in Kuwait

university .
Fig(2): Fingerprints Patterns.

The test required using many materials such

Furthermore, there are three different sorts of
as glass or smooth surface , baby powder and
fingerprints. Sweat and oil on the skin's
tape to collect people’s fingerprints and to see
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the difference in each sample. 18 Fingerprints similarity. Third, a determination is made as

were collected from different people. The to whether two fingerprints originated from

data of this research were collected and the same source. Verification is the process

illustrated in pie charts.(7) of confirming the results.(9)

2. Automated Fingerprint System Results

A system was created to Identify fingerprints
automatically and to examine uniqueness of
fingerprints . It consists of a fingerprint
database on a computer that includes
templates for recorded fingerprint images. To
identify them, the method involved searching
The results shows that 82% of respondents
have loop fingerprints pattern , whereas 15%
of them have whorls fingerprints pattern. Few
respondents around 3% have arch fingerprints
pattern.

and comparing fingerprints with database PATTERN

CLASSIFICATION TEST
records. This technique is most employed in Loops Whorls Arches

criminal investigations.(8)
3%

3. ACE-V 15%

(ACE-V) method is used to examine

fingerprints and to determine whether two

fingerprints are identical , (ACE-V) stands

for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and

Verification. To begin, the fingerprint is

82%
assessed and studied to see whether it is

eligible for comparison. The characteristics

of fingerprints are then evaluated for

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All samples examined and compared to

database records were found to be 100

percent accurate, and each sample belonged

to a specific individual. This demonstrates

that everyone's fingerprints are unique. There

are no two fingerprints that are alike. A

person's fingerprint differs depending on their

DNA. DNA includes a unique genetic

sequence that results in unique fingerprints.

Looking at the distinctive patterns in a

person's DNA could be used to identify them.

In conclusion, Finding two people with the

same fingerprint is impossible!