Fingerprint

By:

Crmgst. Shirley Ochea-Molina.

MPA, MSCRIM
 HISTORY
Dr. Nehwmiah Grew
An anatomist who was responsible for
the earliest references on fingerprint(1684)
in the paper he delivered to the Royal
Society in London entitled “
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTION”.
Marcelo Malpighi
An anatomist who described
the function of the skin and
mentioned pattern formed by
the ridges. A layer of the skin
is named after him.
THOMAS BEWICK-1753-1828
He was a wood engraver
who decorated some of his
work with fingerprints.
THOMAS BEWICK – his
mark”
John Evangilist Purkinje(1787-1869)
He wrote a thesis in which
he described and named
nine standards types of
fingerprint patterns and
vaguely outlined a system
of classification.
Sir Francis Galton
He attempted to calculate the
improbability of two persons having
the same fingerprints and defined
the basic patterns used in the
present day methods of fingerprint
since been referred to as GALTONS
DETAILS OR ridge characteristics
SIR WILLIAM HERCHEL
Had been for some time deeply
interested in fingerprint as a means
of identifying one individual from
another. He carried out experiments
spanning sixty years which establish
the principle “ Principle of
Persistency of Papillary Friction
Ridges
SIR HENRY FAULDS
The first person to identify
fingerprints at the crime
scenes and actually helped the
Japanese police on at least
occasions to obtain a
confession based on his
JUAN VUCETICH
An Argentinian police officer
evolved his own system of
fingerprint classification. His
system was designed in most
Spanish-speaking countries and
in parts of Asia and Africa.
SIR EDWARD HENRY
He favored fingerprinting and
introduced the system of classification
and filing upon which our modern
methods were based. He instituted the
use of fingerprint as an aid to
identification. He devised a simple and
viable classification system which he
describes in his book ‘Classification and
Uses of Fingerprints”
 THE RIDGE SYSTEM

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE

OF FINGERPRINTS
#1

A FINGERPRINT IS AN INDIVIDUAL
CHARACTERISTIC; NO TWO FINGERS
HAVE YET BEEN FOUND TO POSSSESS
IDENTICAL RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS.
#2

A FINGERPRINT WILL REMAIN

UNCHANGED DURING AN
INDIVIDUAL LIFETIME
#3

FINGERPRINT HAVE GENERAL

RIDGE PATTERN THAT PERMIT
THEM TO BE SYSTEMATICALLY
CLASSIFIED.
SKIN STRUCTURE OF THE RIDGE SYSTEM

95 % -of the body skin is smooth and relatively

featureless, apart from hairs, pores and creases

5 % - covering the palm of the hands and soles of

the feet is markedly different
Epidermis - outer protective coat
Dermis - a strong, flexible layer
 FETAL LIFE
Ridges begin to form on the
human fetus between the 3 and
rd

5th months of pregnancy when

the fetus is approximately 3” – 4”
in length.
REMAINS CONSTANT
Ridges, fingerprint patterns,
Galton details etc. are all present
at birth, and they persist without
change throughout life. The size
of the ridges, patterns etc. grow
correspondingly with the rest of
the body.
AFTER DEATH
The ridges surfaces possess the peculiar property
of outlasting most other features of the body
and may remain recordable until the flesh
reaches a state of advanced decomposition

Numerous tests and experiments have been

carried out to establish the principle of
persistency notably by sir William Herchel
DAMAGE AND INJURY

Temporary

Results when only the outer layer of skin

is injured. This is most common due to
an individuals occupation
PERMANENT

This is an injury of more deep

seated nature resulting in damage to
the dermis layer of the skin which will
permanently disturb the ridges and
generally result in a scar.
CONSISTENT ELEMENT OF FINGERPRINT
Why fingerprints are left on the surface
of the materials object?

Logically, the sweat gland, touches to the

surface of an object/materials with the
pattern made by the protuberant line, at
the moment when a person touch the
material/object
STANDARD POINTS OF IDENTIFICATION
Spain 10 – 12
Switzerland 12 – 14
Austria 12
England 16
France 17
Germany8 12
Most Asian countries 12
GENERAL RULE
As a general rule, if two prints have the
same pattern and enough matching
point ridge characteristics and there are
no unexplained differences, they are
considered to match and a positive
identification is made.
Thank you very much…

Mam shirley