Copyrigt by the ASTM Internatio Sun Dee 15 L173) 200 STD-ASTM D422-ENGL 19b3 MM 0759510 Ob20333 002 mm 4 Designation: D 422-63 (Reapproved 1998) gad tomb oval Bake AST Saas. Corot AST Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils’ “This standard is ised der the fed designation D2: the number immeaely folowing the designation indicates the ear of niin! adoption onthe se of ein, he yar of at evson A mambo npreihacosindeses the yar of lat approval. A Superscript epsilon (e)indses an editorial change sine th ast Fevson or reapproval 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the distribution of particle sizes in soils, The distribution of particle sizes larger than 75 pm (retained on the No. 200 sieve) is determined by sieving, while the distribution of particle sizes smaller than 75 ym is determined by a sedimentation process, using a hydrometer to secure the necessary data (Note 1 and Note 2), Nore |Separation may be made on the No. 4 (475-mm), No. 0) (425-jn), or No, 200 (75-jm) seve instead of the No. 10. For whatever seve used, the size shall Be indicated in the report Nom: 2-—Two types of dispersion devices are provided: (J) a high speed mechanical stiner, and (2) air dispersion. Fxtensive investigations Inca tat a-dsperson devices produce a more positive dispersion of plastic soils below the 20-pm size and appreciably less degradation on all Sizes when used with candy soils. Because of the definite advantages favoring ar dispersion, ls use is recommend. The results fro the wo typer of devices differ in magnitude, depending upon sil type, leading to marked diferences in patie size distribution, especially for sizes finer than 20 um. 2, Referenced Documents, 2.1 ASTM Standards: 1421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con- stants* E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur- poses? E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers* 3. Apparatus 4.1 Balances—A balance sensitive 1 0.01 g for weighing the material passing a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve, and a balance sensitive t0 0.1 % of the mass of the sample to be weighed for weighing the material retained on a No. 10 sieve. 3.2 Stirring Apparatus—Fither apparatus A or B. may be used. 3.2.1 Apparatus A shall consist of a mechanically operated "ans test method i under the jurston of ASTM Commize D-8 on Sei and Rock and the diet espnsbliy of Soboomitee DING on Texte, Paty and Deny Characters of Sas ‘Cament edn approved Nov. 21.1963, Orgally published 1935, Replaces parr 02 ‘Annan! Rook of AST Srandanle, Vol 0408. Annu Book of AST Seon, Wl 14.02 * Annual Rook of ASTM Standards, Nl 1403. stirring device In which a suitably mounted clectric motor turns a vertical shalt at @ speed of not less than 10 000 rpm without load. The shaft shall be equipped with a replaceable stirring paddle made of metal, plastic, or hard rubber, as shown in Fi 1. The shaft shall be of such length thatthe stirring paddle will ‘operate not less than Y in, (19.0 mm) nor more than 1% in (38.1 mm) above the bottom of the dispersion cup. A special dispersion cup conforming to either of the designs shown in Fig, 2 shall be provided to hold the sample while itis being dispersed, 3.2.2. Apparatus B shall consist of an air-jet dispersion cups (Note 3) conforming to the general details shown in Fig. 3 (Note 4 and Note 5) ‘Nore 3The amount of sit required by an aire dispersion cup is of the order of 2 f/m some small ar Compressors are not capable of sapplying suena to operate a cup. Nore 4—Another airtype dispersion device, known as a dispersion tube, developed by Cho and Davidson at fova State Cofege, has been shown to give ess equivalent to those secured by the are dispersion tupes When it is used, soaking of the sample can he dane in the Sedimentation cylinder, thus eliminating the need for transferring the slurry, When the srstiserson tube is used, it shall beso indicated in the ‘Nom SWater may coms nat ies when ot ne Thi water st be removed, ether by ueing a wer tap on the ai line. or by blowing the water ou ofthe ine before using any of te ar for dispersion paps, 3.3 Hydrometer—An ASTM hydrometer, graduated to read in either specific gravity of the suspension or grams per litre of suspension, and conforming « the reyuirements for hydrom= ters 151H or 152H in Specifications E 100. Dimensions of both hydrometers arc the same, the scale being the only item of difference, 3.4 Sedimentation Cylinder—A glass cylinder essentially 18 in, (457 mm) in height and 21 in, (68.5 mm) in diameter, and ‘marked for a volume of 1000 mL. The inside diameter shall be such thatthe 1000-ml mark is 36 + 2 em from the boom on the inside 13.3 Thermometer—A thermometer accurate to 1°F (0.5°C) 3.6 Sieves—A series of sieves, of square-mesh woven-wire cloth, conforming to the requirements of Specification E 11. A fall set of sieves includes the following (Note 6): > Dele working dag 0 this up ae arable a2 pons cost rom the Amen Sociale Tsing snd Matra, 1916 Race St leh, PA 1910S ‘Order Adjunct No. 12409220-0,STD-ASTN D4Y22-ENGL 1963 MMH 0759510 0620334 TH9 mm ip D 422 = ) Lena Tho.t8 BW Go+0.045" ‘Chrome Plated Punch 2037000" to Mee Equnatents 0019 0203S % 516 187 $90 Permanent Beffle Rods 26"dham >| Matic Equvalnis m 3 26 a 2 es FIG. 2 Dispersion Cups of Apparatus ‘in, (5) No. 102.00) Bin. orm) ‘Nb. 20 (509m) ‘Mein, G75) No (254) “(25.0 ‘No. 60250) ein. 8.0m) No 140 (106um) in, (@5-mm) No 200 (754) Nea (75mm) Nore 6—A set of sieves giving uniform spacing of points forthe graph, as required in Section 17, may be used if desired. This St consists ofthe following sieves in. 75-m) No. 6 (.40-mmm) tein (7 mm) No.0 60-um) Sen (120-nm) No. 50 (200;pm) son, orm) fio. 100 (1504) No.4 (475m) No. 200 (75-um) No. 8 (36-mm) Copyright by the ASTM Internation Sun Dee 15 L109 zone of Stirring Paddles 3.7 Water Bath or Constant-Temperature Raom—A water bath or constant-temperature room for maintaining the sotl analysis. A satisfactory water tank is an insulated tank that ‘maintains the temperature of the suspension at a convenient constant temperature at or near 68°F (20°C). Such a device is illustrated in Fig. 4. In cases where the work is performed in a room af an automatically controlled constant temperature, the water bath is not necessary. 3.8 Beaker—A beaker of 250-mL. capacity. 3.9 Timing Device—A watch or clock with a second hand, 4. Dispersing Agent 4.1 A solution of sodium hexametaphosphate (sometimes called sodium metaphosphate) shall be used in distilled or demineralized water, at the rate of 40 g of sodium hexametaphosphatefitr of solution (Note 7) [Nore 7—Solutions of this salt, t acidic, slowly revert or hydrolyze back to the oethophosphate form with a resultant deiease in dispersive action. Solution should be prepared frequently (atleast once a month) or Adjusted tpt of 8 or 9 by means of soalum carbonate. Bottles containing solutions should have the date of preparation marked on them, 4.2 All water used shall be either distilled or demineralized water. The water for a liydrometer test shall be brought to the temperature that is expected to prevail during the hydrometer test. For example, if the sedimentation cylinder is to be placed in the water bath, the distilled or demineralized water to be used shall be brought to the temperature of the controlled water bath: or, if the sedimentation cylinder is used in a room with controlled temperature, the water for the test shall be at the Temperature of the room. ‘The basic temperature for the hhydrometer test is 68°F (20°C), Small variations of tempera- ture do not introduce differences tut are of practical sigaifi- cance and do not prevent the use of corrections derived as prescribed S. Test Sample 5.1 Prepare the test sample for mechanical analysis as outlined in Practice 1421. During the preparation procedureSTD-ASTM DY2@2-ENGL 2963 MM 0759510 Ob20335 985 ore Meio Eaulalnte Ba 82 FIG. 4 Insulated Water Bath the sample is divided into two portions. One portion contains only particles retained on the No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve while the other portion contains only particles passing the No. 10 sieve. ‘The mass of airdried soll selected for purpose of tests, as prescribed in Practice D421, shall be sufficient w yield quantities for mechanical analysis as follows: 5.1.1 The size of the portion retained on the No. 10 sieve shall depend on the maximum size of particle, according to the following schedule: Nominal Diameter of ‘Agproximate Miimum araest Parcs, Tass of Ponon, 9 ie) % (03) 500 (190) 000 tesa) 2000 te tae) ‘000 2 a3) ‘0 3 (rez) 5000 5.1.2 The size of the portion passing the No. 10 sieve shall be approximately 115 g for sandy soils and approximately 65 g for silt and clay soils. Copyright by the ASTM Internation Sun Dee 15 LNT] 20ne 5.2 Provision is made in Section 5 of Practice D421 for ‘weighing of the air-dry soil selected for purpose of tests, the separation of the soil on the No. 10 sieve by dry-sieving and ‘washing, and the weighing of the washed and dried fraction retained on the No. 10 sieve. From these two masses the percentages relained and passing the No. 10 sieve can be calculated in accordance with 12.1 Nore &—A chock on the mass values and the thoroughness of pulvei- zation ofthe clods may be secured Dy weighing the portion passing the No, 10 sieve aia ading ths value to the mass of the washed and ‘oven-dried portion retained on the No 10 sieve SIEVE ANALYSIS OF PORTION RETAINED ON NO. 10 (2.00-mm) SIEVE 6. Procedure 6.1 Separate the portion retained on the No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve into seties of fractions using the Jin. (75-mm), 2inSTD.ASTN DU22-ENGL 1963 MM 0759510 Ob2033b 63] mm @p D 422 (50-mm), ein. G7.5-mm), I-in, (25.0-mm), Yein, (19.0- mm), ¥-in, (9.5-mm), No. 4 (4.75-mm), and No. 10 sieves, or ‘a5 many as may be needed depending on the sample, or upon the specifications forthe materiel under test, 62 Conduct the sieving operation by means of & lateral and vertical motion ofthe sieve, accompanied by a jarring action in order to keep the sample moving continuously over the surface of the sieve, In no case turn or manipulate fragments in the sample trough the sieve by hand. Continue sieving unt not ‘more than 1 mass % of the residue on a sieve passes that sleve during | min of sieving, When mechanical sieving i used, test the thoroughness of sieving by using the hand method of sieving as described above 6.3 Determine the mass of each fraction on a balance conforming to the requirements of 3.1. Atte end of weighing, the sum of the masses retained on all the sieves used should equal closely the original mass of the quantity sieved HYDROMETER AND SIEVE ANALYSIS OF PORTION PASSING THE NO. 10 (2.00-mm) SIEVE 7, Determination of Composi Hydrometer Reading 7.1 Equations for percentages of soil remaining in suspen- sion, as given in 14.3, arc based on the use of distilled or demineralized water. A dispersing agent is used in the water, however, and the specific gravity of the resulting liquid is appreciably greater than that of distilled or demineralized water 7.1 Both soit hydrometers are calibrated at 68°F (20°C), and variations in temperature from this standard temperature produce inaccuracies in the actual hydrometer readings. The amount of the inaccuracy increases as the Variation from the standard temperature increases 7.1.2 Hydrometers are graduated by the manufacturer to be read at the bottom of the meniscus formed by the liquid on the stem, Since it is not possible to secure readings of soil suspensions at the bottom of the meniscus, readings must be taken atthe top and a correction applied. 7.1.3 The net amount of the corrections for the three items ‘enumerated is designated as the composite correction, and may be determined experimentally. 7.2 For convenience, a graph or table of composite correc tions for a series of 1° temperature differences for the range of expected test temperatures may be prepared and used as needed, Measurement of the composite corrections may be ‘made at two temperatures spanning the range of expected test temperatures, and corrections forthe intermediate temperatures ‘calculated assuming a straight-line relationship between the wo observed values. 7.3 Prepare 1000 mL of liquid composed of distilled or demineralized water and dispersing agent in the same propor- tion as will prevail in the sedimentation (hydrometer) test Place the liquid in a sedimentation eylinder and the eylinder in the constant-temperature water bath, set for one of the two temperatures to be used. When the temperature of the liquid becomes constant, insert the hydrometer, and, after a short interval to permit the hydrometer to come to the temperature of ‘he Tiquid, read the hydrometer at the top of the meniscus Correction for Copyright by the ASTM Internation Sun Dec 15 Ut T2 2one formed on the stem. For hydrometer 1S1H the composite correction is the difference between this reading and one; for hhydrometer 152H itis the difference between the reading and zero. Bring the liquid and the hydrometer to the other tempera- ture to be used, and secure the composite correction as before, 8. Hygroscopie Moisture 8.1 When the sample is weighed for the hydrometer test, ‘weigh out an auxiliary portion of from 10 to 15 g in a stall ‘metal or glass container, dry the sample to a constant mass in an oven at 230 = 9°F (110 = 5°C), and weigh again. Record the masses, 9. Disperston of Soll Sample 9.1 When the soil is mostly of the clay and silt sizes, weigh ‘out a sample of air-dry soil of approximately 50 g. When the Soil is mostly sand the sample shonld be approximately 100 g. 9.2 Place the sample in the 250-mL. beaker and cover with 125 mL of sodium hexametaphosphate solution (40 g/L). Stir ‘until the scl is thoroughly wetted. Allow to soak for atleast 16 h 9.3 At the end of the soaking period, disperse the sample further, using cither stirring apparatus A or B. If stiting spparatus A is used, transfer the soil-water slurry from the ‘beaker into the special dispersion cup shown in Fig. 2, washing any residue trom the beaker into the cup with distilled of demineralized water (Note 9). Add distilled or demineralized ‘water, if necessary, so that the cup is more than half fll. Stir fora petiod of | min [Note 9—A large size syringe is a convenient device for handing the water in the washing operation. Other devices include the wash water bottle and @ hose with nozzle connected to a pressurized distilled water tank 9.4 If stirring apparatus B (Fig. 3) is used, remove the cover ‘cap and connect the cup to a compressed air supply by means ‘of a rubber hose. A air gage must be on the Tine between the ‘cup and the control valve. Open the control valve so that the age indicates 1 psi (7 kPa) pressure (Note 10). Transfer the soil-water slurry from the beaker to the air-jet dispersion cup bby washing with distilled or demineralized water, Add distilled ‘of demineralized water, if necessary, 60 thatthe total volume in the cup is 250 mL, but no more. ‘Nove 10—the initial air pressure of 1 psi is roquited to prevent the soik-water minture from entering the ai-et chamber when the mixture is tranafered to the dispersion cup. 9.5 Place the cover cap on the cup and open the air control valve until the gage pressure is 20 psi (140 kPa). Disperse the soil according to the following schedule: Panty don oeton Ped Unser 5 S20 8 overz0 8 Soils containing large percentages of mica need be dispersed for only I min. After the dispersion period, reduce the gage pressure to 1 psi preparatory to transfer of soil-water slurry to the sedimentation cylinder.Copyright by the ASTM Internatio Sun Dee 15 U:H14 zone STD-ASTM DY22-ENGL 2963 MM 0759510 Ob20337 758 Mm dh 422 10, Hydrometer Test 101 Immediately after dispersion, transfer the soil-water slurry to the glass sedimentation eylindcr, and add distilled or demineralized water unti the total yolume is 1000 mL. 10.2 Using the palm of the hand over the open end of the cylinder (ora rubber stopper in the open end), turn the cylinder Upside down and back for a period of 1 min to complete the agitation of the slurry (Note 11). At the end of 1 min set the cylinder in a convenient location and take hydrometer readings atthe following intervals of time (measured from the beginning of sedimentation), or as many as may be needed, depending on the sample or the specification forthe material under test: 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 250, and 1440 min. If the comtrotied water bath is used, the sedimentation cylinder should be placed in the bath between the 2- and S-min readings. Nore. 11—The numberof tums during this minute should be approx ‘mately 60, counting the turn upside down and back as two tums. Any wil Temaining nthe bust ofthe cylinder during the fst fw tus should te loorened by vigorous shaking ofthe cylinder while isin the inverted aston 10.3 When it is desired to take a hydrometer reading, carefully insert the hydrometer about 20 to 25 s before the reading is due to approximately the depth it will have when the reading is taken. As soon as the reading is taken, carefully remove the hydrometer and place it with a spinning motion in ‘a graduate of clean distilled or demincralized water. [Nore 12—It is important to remove the hydrometer immediately after each reading, Readings shall be taken atthe tp of the meniscus formed by the suspension around the stem, since itis wot pussible to secure readings atthe botom ofthe meniscus, 10.4 After each reading, take the temperature of the suspen- sion by inserting the Uictmometer into the suspension. Al. Sieve Analysis 11.1 After taking the final hydrometer reading, transfer the suspension t0 a No. 200 (75-m) sieve and wash with tap water until the wash water is clear. Transfer the material on the No. 200 sieve 10 a suitable container, dry in an oven at 230 * 9°F (110 5°) and make a sieve analysis of the portion retained, tusing as many sieves as desired, or required for the material, or ‘upon the specification of the material under test. CALCULATIONS AND REPORT 12, Sieve Analysis Values for the Portion Coaryer tau the No, 10 (2,00-mm) Steve 12.1 Calculate the percentage passing the No. 10 sieve by dividing the mass passing the No. 10 sieve by the mass of soil originally split on the No. 10 sieve, and multiptying the result by 100. To obvain the mass passing the No, 10 sieve, subtract the mass retained on the Nu. 10 sieve from the original mass. 12.2 To secure the total mass of soil passing the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve, add to the mass of the material passing the No. 10 sicve the mass ofthe fraction passing the No, 4 sieve ‘and retained on the No. 10 sieve. To secure the total mass of soil passing the 34-in, (9 5-mm) sieve, add to the total mass of soil passing the No.4 sieve, the mass of the fraction passing the sein, sieve and retained on the No. 4 sicve. For the remaining, sieves. continue the calculations in the same manner. 12.3 To determine the total percentage passing for each sieve, divide the total mass passing (see 12.2) by the total mass of sample and multiply the result by 100. 13, Hygroscople Moisture Correction Factor 13.1 The hydroscopie moisture correction Factor is the ratio between the mass of the ovencdried sample and the air-dry mass before drying. It is a number less than one, except when there is no hygroscopic moisture. 14, Percentages of Soil in Suspension 14.1 Calculate the oven-dry mass of soil used in the hydrometer analysis by multiplying the air-dry mass by the hygroscopic moisture correction factor. 14.2 Calculate the mass ofa total sample represented by the ‘mass of soil used in the hydrometer test, by dividing the foven-dry mass used by the percentage passing the No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve, and uuultiplying the result by 100, This value is the weight W in the equation for percentage remaining in suspension. 14.3 The percentage of soil remaining in suspension at the level at which the hydrometer is measuring the density of the suspension may be calculated as follows (Note 13): For hydrometer 1S1H: P= [(h00 00070) x GAG ~ G)KR - Gy) ” Nore 13. The bracketed portion of the equation for hydrometer 151H is constant fora series of readings and may be calculated fst and den rutipied bythe portion in the paremeses or hydrometer 1521: P= (Rally) 100 @ where @ = correction faction to be applied to the reading of hhydrometer 152H. (Values shown on the scale are ‘computed using a specific gravity of 2.65. Correction factors are given in Table 1), P= percentage of soil remaining in suspension atthe level at which the hydromcter measures the density of the R= hiydrometer reading with composite correction applied (Section 7), W. = ovendry mass of soil in a total cest_ sample represented by mass of soil dispersed (see 14.2), & G__ = specific gravity of the soil particles, and G, ~ specific gravity of the liquid in which soil particles are suspended. Use numerical value of one in both instances in the equation. In the first instance any possible variation produces no significant effect, and {nthe second instance, the composite correction for R is based on a value of one for G. 15, Diameter of Soil Pa 15.1 The diameter of a particle corresponding to the percentage indicated hy a given hydrometer reading shall be calculated according to Stokes’ law (Note 14), on the basis that 4 panicle ofthis diameter was atthe surface of the suspension at the beginning of sedimentation and had settled tothe level at Which the bydrometer is measuring the density of the suspension. According to Stokes’ law: see Table 2STD-ASTM Du22-ENGL 1963 MM O759530 0620336 694 a h D422 TABLE 1 Values of Correction Factor, «, for Dtforent Specific, TABLE 2 Values of Effective Depth Based on Hydrometer and Gravitios of Sol Paricos™ Sedimentation Cylinder of Specified Sizes" Spake aay Conmcion Fao Tier FST Tystonater 159 205 oan etl tage 5 tea, BAT Soave 230 bas tyaomeer ERM yeromesr ® tyrone Dep, bas fe Png O97 2m Reading O8P LO Raacng em 200 oe 00018 ° est 215 O36 101 80 ‘ er et a ose im 8s 2 fo Ste zen tat toe tee ‘ eS tae 20 19 sonar oss me ts 1.007 14a 7 152 a7 102 “Forcsein equation orperceniage faciemainingin spendin whenvang «1.000 $48 3 wo toa Hydrometer 1524 ime 8 Q nr ton ‘ 10 uy oor jon 138 ” we ue D= RING = IX OT @ ioe @ 3 Me fe tow 26 i wo tos 430 8 00 4a diameter of particle, mm, tow tea % Se coefficient of viscosity of the suspending medium (in jo 2 ase this ease water) in poises (varies with changes in iw oi t @ 8 temperature of the suspending medium), too Ko 20 Bo Bt L_ = distance from the surface of the suspension to the ton x peo 8 8 level at which the density of the suspension is being thts 3 BUSOU measured, cm. (For @ given hydrometer and tie 100 a ae he sedimentation cylinder, values vary according to the sos ar 2 we B78 ie 4 hydrometer readings. This distance is known as ter oa a fee effective depth (see Table 2), yon ke 2 nr 88 T= interval of time from beginning of sedimentation to imp as 2 nem ae the taking of the reading, min, 4030 ae specific gravity of soil particles, and toe 38 specific gravity (relative density) of suspending los 78 medium (value may be used as 1.000 for all practical = MK 78 purposes). io 8 Nore 14—Since Stokes" law considers the terminal velocity of single __Y00@ ig sphere filling in an infty of hi, he sie calvlated represent the Sree ene tawoas al torcce ase acces eae Oc aG SENT ena 15.2 For convenience in calculations the above equ tere: may be written as follows: see Table 3 = flcive depth D= Kit 4 where: K = constant depending on the temperature of the suspension and the specific gravity of the soil particles. Values of K for a range of temperatures and specific gravities are given in Table 3. The value of K does not change fora series of readings constituting a test, while values of L and 7° do vary. 15.3 Values of D may be computed with sufficient accuracy, using an ordinary 10-in. slide rue. Nore 15—The valu of Lis divided ty Tsing the Ax and B-seales, the square root being indicated onthe D-scale. Without ascertaining the value of the square root it may be mokiplied by A, using ether the C- or Clea 16, Sieve Analysis Values for Portion Finer than No. 10 (2.00-mm) Sieve 16.1 Calculation of percentages passing the various sieves used in sieving the portion of the sample from the hydrometer Copyright by the ASTM Internatio Sun Dee 15 Uti 15 20ne |L, = Gstane along the stem of tie hyrometr om te top of he bu 0 {he mark tora nyomatar reading, em, ‘= overatlengm of me nyorometr DUD, cm, Ye = ume ef aremetar bul em an A” cross-sectional are of sedimentation cyte, cn? Values used in aleating the vals in Table 2 a as folows. For 2am hytometrs, 151M 8nd 1524 = te00m Ya = orm? Br areent For hydremetae 1518 Ly = 105m br vain of 1.000, 23 amor a reading of 1.031 For nydometer 1524: Ly = t0s om fora wading of © gre 23 om tora reacing of 50 gre test involves several steps. The first step is to calculate the mass. Of the fraction that would have been retained on the No. 10 sieve had it not been removed. This mass is equal to the total percentage retained on the No. 10 sieve (100 minus totalSTD.ASTN DUP2-ENGL 1563 MM 0759520 Ob20339 S20 ih D422 ‘TABLE 3. Values of K for Use in Equation for Computing Diameter of Particle in Hydrometer Analysis, ‘Scie Gravy of Sal Parices Tempera 5 24s 250 255 280 2am 270 275 280 28 6 Do1si0 Gores oct! —OouET —OONGE —omald 00184 O0TaTa—«O0T3H6 7 oorstt 0148 ©—socTase©aTase «i417 «001598 ©0137 © ras Ta 10 bows ome —sootatg totam © ram oora7e © auras om1aa aT 8 Dons orma—«soelaes—otaaa tga ome arses 1828 0305 2 bows —Goraat—«Oorade—«(OUTaBB«ODTSEE« ISH © oorses © ooraor ores a Dorss —comais«—«otat—«otaes © gras © iam §— aie» ome © 0t2r 2 powst —«gorgey—«=«OoTaTe—OTas © UuTA © 0si2. izes gore ones 2 owes Gorse =—scoisce=—steotaay, «= atatr 1207 © Ooia7a, ogra aoraas 2 Doisss «coors «—«swarage == ota © argo ieee © aniase nied ora 25 Qorsre or —saiaor— ors © 012851287 © ores ores omnes 2 Soir oset = Ooiare «= oorenn «outa © iassa.iaas msi at a oor © 01ste «tear samrery—ogrzs8—1z88 aaa a0se04 08 2 Gores olsor—« Dasara © otaad 01258 «tana» oiat tz 2 Dos —cacre90—=«sotans © ates © tes © ooret2 © oasis ort oitea 20 bors gore —_ootash nto _—012I7__—gomigy _—_aurise varies aria percentage passing) times the mass of the total sample represented by the mass of soil used (as calculated in 14.2), and the result divided by 100. 16.2 Calculate next the fotal mass passing the No. 200 sieve. ‘Add together the fractional masses retained on all the sieves, including the No. 10 sieve, and subtract this sum from the mass of the total sample (as calculated in 14.2) 16.3 Calculate next the total manses passing cach of the other sieves, in a manner similar to that given in 12. 164 Calculate last the total percentages passing by dividing the total mass passing (us calculated in 16,3) by the total mass ‘of sample (as calculated in 14.2), and multiply the result by 100. 17, Graph 17.1 When the hydrumeter analysis is performed, a graph of Ake test results shall be made, ploting the diameters of the particles on a logarithmic scale as the abscissa and the percentages smaller than the comesponding diameters ton Arithmetic scale as the ordinate. When the hydrometer analysis is not made on a portion of the sol, the preparation of the graph ‘8 optional, since values may be secured directly from tabulated data 18. Report 18.1 ‘The report shall include the following: 18.1.1 Maximum size of particles, 18.1.2 Percentage passing (or retained on) each sieve, which may be tabulated oF presented by loting on a graph (Note 16), 18.1.3 Description of sand and gravel particles: 1813.1 Shape—iounded or angular, 181.32 Hardness—hard and durable, soft, or weathered and friable, 18.1.4 Specific gravity, if unusually high or low, 18.1.5 Any difficulty in dispersing the fraction passing the No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve. indicating any change in type and amount of dispersing agent, nx! 18.1.6 The dispersion device used and the length of the dispersion period. Nore 16—This tabulation of graph represent: the gradation of the sample tested, I paricles larger than those contained in the ample Tetnoved Defoe testing the report shall so state giving the emount and Copyright by the ASTM Internation Sun Dec 15 L116 Zone 18.2 For materials tested for compliance with definite specifications, the fractions called for in such specifications shall be reported. The fractions smaller than the No. 10 sieve shall be read from the graph. 18.3 For materials for which compliance with definite specifications is not indicated and when the soil is composed almost entirely of patiles passing the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve, the results read from the graph may be reported as follows: (1) raw pasing in nd rata on No.4 ove {3 Sana pasa no, & seve ana rtaned on ie. 200 ewe (a) Core can, pang Na, & sve ant mane on He 10 60 {f) wer sae por No. 10 seve and retained on No. 40 ove {Fine sand. pastng No. 40 sieve and telaned on No, 20 Sve (9 Si sic, 0074 1 0.008 rm (8 Cay siz, sane nan G00 mm Coli, sma thar 0.001 mm 184 For materials for which compliance with definite specifications is not indicated and when the soil contains ‘material retained on the No. 4 sieve sufficient to require a sieve analysis on that portion, the results may be reported as follows (Note 17) SIEVE ANALYSIS ‘ive sue Paceece Passing ain ven Men No 4.750) Na. 10 (200mm) No. 40 (26 ue No. 200 (rum HYOROMETER ANALYSIS 07 mm Boot mm Nor (7—No, 8 (2.36-mm) and No, $0 (300m) sieves may be substituted for No, 10 and No, 40 sieves ize; hydrometer analysis; hygroscopic moisture; particle-size; sieve analysis peeneeeeSTD-ASTM D4¥22-ENGL 1963 MM 0759510 Ob20340 242 mm Gh) D422 The moran Soi or Testing ancl Matias ekes no poston respectng the vay of ary patent ight asserted connection ih any tem mendoned nis landed Users of ts laced ar expres aceed tha delominton fs vay of ar ut tent rights, and tho rick ef iningemant of auch igs, are ey the OW responsi, This standards subject revision a any me bythe responsible lactnicel commits and must bo revue over five year ad ‘thot revised, either repproved or wthawn. Your cammente aro ute ee for revision fs tana evr aoeronal saan, {shoud be aderssod to ASTM lature. Your comments Wl receive carl consteaion at mati ol ha rexeoonces ‘evict commanee, when you may attend. you fel har your eammonts have et ecoved a fat earng yoo shoud eae se \ows kncun 1 the ASTM Commitee on Standard 100 Bar Haro Ore, Wear Conanonccken TOU Copyright by the ASTM Internatio Sun Dee 15 U1 18 Zone