STD-ASTM DUDLS-ENGL 1992 mM 0759530 Ob87557 1U8 mw i Designation: D 4015 — 92 (Reapproved 2000) Standard Test Methods for Modulus and Damping of Soils by the Resonant-Column Method" ‘This stand i ists under the fed designation D 4015; the auaher imenelyfllowng the designation indicts year of rial adoption xin he cane of revision the ear o las revision. A numeri pretieses ica the year of ast eapperalA sxpencriptepilon (indicates an editor change since the lat vison cr apyova 1. Seope 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of shear ‘modulus, chear damping, rod modulus (commonly refeited as Young's modulus), and rod damping for solid cylindrical specimens of soil in the undisturbed and remolded conditions by vibration using the resonant column. The vibration of the specimen may be superposed on a controlled ambient state of stress in the specimen. The vibration apparatus and specimen may be enclosed in a uiaxial chamber and subjected to an all-around pressure and axial load. In addition, the specimen may be subjected to other controlled conditions (for example, pore-water pressure, degree of saturation, temperature). These test methods of modulus and damping determination are considered nondestructive when the strain amplitudes of vibra- tion are less than 10~* rad (10-* inJfn.), and many measure- ments may be made on the same specimen and with various states of ambient stress. 1.2 These test methods cover ouly the determination of the ‘modulus and damping, the necessary vibration, and specimen preparation procedures related to the vibration, etc, and do not cover the application, measurement, or control of the ambient stress. Ihe latter procedures may be covered by, but are not limited to, Test Methods D 2166 or D 2850. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address alt of the safety concerns, if amy, associated with its use. It is the responsibilty of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to wse. 2, Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards: D 2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil” D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock? 1D 2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated, Undrained Com- pressive Strength of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compres- sion? "Then test mesh are uncer he jorintiction of ASTM Comminee DIS on Soil and Rock ani are the direct respnility of Sahenmmitee DIB.09 on Soil Dynamic. ‘Cureatedtion proved May 15, 1992. Published Sepieber 1992. Origlly abled a D 401531, Last previous eon D015 = * annua! Book of ASTM Standards, Val O48, Caryight © AST, 100 Bur Harter De, West Counce, PA A268, Unied Sane, Copyright by the ASTM Internation Sun Dec 15 UIs 20ne D 4767 Test Method for Consolidated-Undrained Triaxial ‘Compression Test on Cohesive Soils? 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 amblent stress—stresses applied to the specimen, dusing dre test, that do not result from the vibration strains, ‘These test methods do not cover the application and measure- ‘ment of ambicnt stresses; however, the ambient stress at the time of measurement of the system resonant frequency and system damping shall be measured and recorded in accordance with the final section of the paper. 3.1.2 apparatus model and constants—the rigidity and mass distribution of the resonant column shall be as required in the following section in order for the resonant-column system to he accurately represented by the model shown in Fig. 1. The ‘apparatus constants are the mass of the passive-end platen, M + including the mass of all attachments rigidly connceted (0 it; the rotational inertia of the passive-end platen, Jp, including the rotational inertia of all attachments rigidly connected to it; similar mass, M,, and rotational inertia, J,, for the active-end platen and all attachments rigidly connected to it, such as portions of the vibration excitation device: the spring and 100 (See the calculations section for definition of P), motion of the active-end platen is used to establish resonanee. Otherwise, motion of the passive-end platen is used. With the power as low as practical, increase the frequency of excitation from a very low value (for example, 10 Hi2) until the system resonant frequency is obtained. The phase relationship describing resonance can be establiched by observ- {ng the Lissajous figure formed on an x-y oscilloscope with the voltage proportional to the driving current applied to the horizontal amplifier and the ourput from the transducer applied to the vertical amplifcr. If a velocity transducer is used for vibration measurement, the system resonant frequency Occurs when the figure formed is a straight, sloping line. If displacement or acceleration transducer is used, the frequency should be adjusted to produce an ellipse with axes vertical and horizontal, (Refer to Definitions section to establish which resonant frequency should be recorded.) It is recommended that the frequency be measured with a digital electronic frequency meter and be recorded to at least three significant figures. The system resonant frequency for longitudinal motion shall be designated f, and that for torsional motion shall be designated f 8.4 Measurement of Strain Amplitude— The strsin ampli- tude measurements shall be made only atthe system resonant frequencies. Thus, fora given current applied to the excitation device. the vibration motion transducer outputs recorded atthe system resonant frequency give sufficient information to cal- culate strain amplitude. To increase or decrease strain ampli- tude, the current to the vibration excitation device must be increased or decreased. After making a change in current applied to the vibration excitation device, the procedure of the previous subsection must be followed to establish the corre- sponding system resonant frequency before the transducer ‘outputs can he used to establish the new strain amplitude value. 85 Measurement of System Damping— Associated with each strain amplitude and system resonant frequency is a value of damping. To methods are available for measuring eystem damping: the steady-state vibration method and the amplitude decay method. Theoretically, both methods should give iden tical results. In practice, results of each method are usually close to each other. The steady-state method is casier and quicker. tis generally always used and the amplitude decay ‘method is used for occasional spot-checking. The proceduresSTD-ASTM DUOLS-ENGL 1992 MB O759520 OLB7Sb4 388 Me ih D 4016 for both methods are independent of whether longitudinal or torsional motion is under consideration. For the steady-state ‘method, the active-end or the passive-end vibration transducer ‘output (depending on Which end is used to establish resonance) and the current applied to the vibration excitation device must bbe measured at each resonant frequency. The calculations are cutlined in the following section. For the free-vibration, ‘method, with the system vibrating at the system resonant frequency, cut off the power to the vibration excitation device and record the output of the transducer used in establishing. resonance a8 a function of time. This gives the decay curve for, free vibration. The calculations for damping are also outlined in the following section. 9. Calculation 9.1 General—Caleulations require the apparatus calibration factors and the physical dimensions and weight of the speci- men. In addition, for each ambient stress condition, one data set is required for each vibration strain amplicude. A data set ‘consists of the type of vibration (longitudinal or torsional), -10.) 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ZoneCopyright by the ASTM Internatio Sun Dee 15 L178 Zone STD-ASTM DYOLS-ENGL 1992 mm 0759510 Ob87577 T3b ml 4h D 401s pm ‘ROP 0522 hi,11,10 Bet 9325 1) eagS faba. y-r01 912,124, HS a8 1 (Aes eacre}-nOud yas fasts er 3 1 ob Be 0337 Saret Reb 9528 14 TrGBG(eR)-4B5(FL))16, 16,15 Ae 0383 Bite Bi 16 Regu is He Ee 0833 fe biEa ye (14Fe(A-t01) /(AR(FREFL))) [TOL Rc 0538 Ber Her 0335 Bo BEE 9338 ter Heb BBA ForcteroL) He 0833 Heys 6,18 EE oH 1a tlapee Agr 33t ila HE 342 vo Beets }20,20,19 Ber 0343 Hae Bil % 924, 23,24 Be 0549 8 Ect 0348 Be 9303 Bo 9338 Ee Ont BE 884 Bc O58 ESE 9358 Bor 0886 Ber 033 BEE 033 Th American Society or Testna and Materia takes no positon raspacting the aly of any pent phe accotd in conection th any dom mertonad thie standard. Users ef hie lanaard are axoresaly acviced ta dtararator Oh YanSty seen ator ight, and the rik of rtingeret of such gs, a8 early Te on respons) ‘Ths stances suiecto revision a anytime by tha raponl technical commie and mut bo reviewed evry fv yours and not mind, atar rapproved or withiaun. Your comers ee tod eta rete Of 8 SanOa"s tf aetna oars ‘and shout be adresse ASTM Houcquarrs. Your comments wil cave car consisratin ata meet of he moponets technical commitiee which you may stand. ou feel fat your commons have no ecard fa hearty yo SIS Make Ur owe known tothe ASTM Commitee on Standards, a he adores shown Deion. This sancardscopygted by AST, 100 Bar Harbor Dive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 10428-2060, United States Inca reprints (snot or mull cope) of tis standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM atthe above agaess o at {10.802-958 iphone), 610-832-295 (an), oF sore Gastron (eal or Hrough te ASTM wetse(wnraasimp. a