Hazardous Area Classification

An Ignition Source Control

Moh Fahmi N
Praktisi Proteksi Kebakaran – Ketua Umum MPK2I
moh_fahmi_n@mpk2i.org
• Once fuel and oxygen are present, an ignition source is needed
to complete the fire
• When an external ignition source with sufficient energy to ignite the fuel-oxygen mixture is
available (e.g., flames, sparks).
• When the temperature is raised above the auto-ignition temperature (e.g., the compression
ignition of a diesel engine).

An external ignition source is classified as anything that can deliver enough energy in the
form of heat to ignite a substance. This category includes sources such as open flames,
electric arcs and sparks and mechanical sparks
 What is HAC
• Hazardous Area classification
• Methods of analyzing and classifying the environment where explosive gas
atmospheres may occur
• Identify fuel

• The main purpose :

• to facilitate the proper selection and installation of apparatus to be used safely in that
environment, taking into account the properties of the flammable materials that will be
present
• Ignition source control

• The starting point  identify sources of release of flammable gas or

vapour
 Different Approach of HAC
• NFPA 497 and API 500  Original Concept
• Class 1, Division 1  ignitable concentrations of flammable gases, flammable liquid–
produced vapors, or combustible liquid–produced vapors can exist under normal
operating conditions  repair, maintenance operations, leakage, breakdown or faulty
operation of equipment.
• Class 1, Division 2  ignitable concentrations of flammable gases, flammable liquid–
produced vapors, or combustible liquid–produced vapors can exist under abnormal
operating conditions  failure of mechanical ventilation

• NFPA 497  updated on 1997 to include : (align with IEC 60079)

• Class 1 Zone 0  ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors are present
continuously or long period of time
• Class 1 Zone 1  ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors are likely to
exist under normal operating conditions exist frequently because of repair or
maintenance operations or because of leakage
• Class 1 Zone 2  ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors are not likely to
occur in normal operation and, if they do occur, will exist only for a short period
Different Approach of HAC
• Presciptive methods  NFPA 497
 Different Approach of HAC
• IEC 60079-10 and API 505
Different Approach of HAC
• IEC 60079-10 and API 505
 IEC 60079-10 and API 505

• Classification by Source or release methods

• Identify source of release  all activities causing vapor release
• Determine the release rate and grade of release for each source base on likely
frequenct and duration of release
• Assess the ventilation or dillution condition and effectiveness
• Determined zone tipe base on grade of release and ventilation or dillution
effectivenes
• Determine extend of zone
 IEC 60079-10 and API 505

• Key point :
• Grade of release  calculate the time of the
activity that potentially release the flammable
vapor

• Degree of dillution  calculate the release rate

at each activity

• Base on the availability of the vapor 

hypothetical volume compare to the
sourounding to determine whether the volume
of the vapor vs air volume reached the LEL
IEC 60079-10 and API 505
• Extent of hazardous area
• Base on the availability and the effect of the ventilation and vapoe release
to determine the safe distance on the specific condition.
 Data required
• Data required :
 Flammable Liquid list and MSDS :

- Molar mass

- Flash point

- Boiling point

- Vapor Pressure

- Vapor Density

- Flammability limits

 Quantity and inventory

 Quantity in production batches.

 Process Descriptions involving flammable material (goods receiving, sampling, weighing, prebatch, processing,
packaging) including timing required for each activity.
Hazardous Area Classification base on
NFPA 497 and NFPA 499
Methodology  Chapter 5.9 NFPA 497
Methodology  Chapter 5.9 NFPA 497
Methodology  Chapter 5.9 NFPA 497
Example list of Material
Equipment size
Example of diagram for Division
Example of diagram for Zone
Hazardous Area Classification base on
IEC 60079-10
 IEC 60079-10

• Classification by Source or release methods

• Identify source of release  all activities causing vapor release
• Determine the release rate and grade of release for each source base on likely
frequenct and duration of release
• Assess the ventilation or dillution condition and effectiveness
• Determined zone tipe base on grade of release and ventilation or dillution
effectivenes
• Determine extend of zone
Release rate, degree of ventilation, availability of ventilation
 Effect of Ventilation

• Degree of ventilation/dillution by Calculating Hypothetical Volume (Vz)

High ventilation/dillution Vz less than 0.1 m3

Medium ventilation/dillution Vz less than or equal to V0 (room volume)

Low ventilation/dillution Vz bigger than V0 (room volume)

 Effect of Ventilation
• Degree of ventilation/dillution by Calculation release rate Qc

• After Qg determined, see Figure C1 EIC 60079-10 to determine the degree of ventilation/dilliution.
Availability of ventilation
Availability of ventilation
EXAMPLE
Example : Solvent Storage tank
- Transfer from tankers to storage tank
- Transfer from storage tank to process (charging)
NFPA 497
• Solvent in the list of chapter 4.4.2 of NFPA 497
• Pump categorized as medium flow, medium pressure
IEC 60079-10 Solvent Bulk Storage

• Parameter :
1. Grade of Release
2. Degree of ventilation/dillution
3. Availability of ventilation
• Determining Source of release and Grade of release
Grade of release will be base on API 505
IEC 60079-10 Solvent Bulk Storage
• Determining Source of release and Grade of release
Coupling from hose to tankers
There is flammable vapor release through the coupling at the hose connection to the tankers. The
unloading time is 4 hours, and there is 2 times unloading per week. So the presence of flammable
material release at coupling is 448 hours/year. Following the API-505, the grade of release of these
sources is considered as primary.

Flange from pipe and hose to pump

There is flammable vapor release through the flange at the hose connection and pipe connection to
the pump. The unloading time is 4 hours, and there is 2 times unloading per week. So the presence
of flammable material release at coupling during unloading is 448 hours/year. The pump working
supplying solvent 100 to the production at least 4 hours per day. The flammable release during
charging is 1320 hours per year, resulting the total release 1768 hours per year. Following the API-
505, the grade of release of these sources is considered as continuous.
IEC 60079-10 Solvent Bulk Storage
• Calculating Vz and Qc

Microsoft Excel
Worksheet

• Determine Degree of ventilation/dillution Using Vz

Vz Hose : 181 m3  less than or equal to Vo (Outdoor)  Medium dillution.
Vz Flange : 181 m3  less than or equal to Vo (Outdoor)  Medium dillution.
IEC 60079-10 Solvent Bulk Storage
• Determine Degree of ventilation/dillution Using Qc and C1 Chart
Qc Hose : 0.04 m3/s
Qc Flange : 0.002 m3/s

Qc Hose : 0.04 m3/s  Medium dillution

Qz Flange : 0.002 m3/s  High dillution
IEC 60079-10 Solvent Bulk Storage
• Determine Availability of ventilation
Availability of ventilation  Fair  see Appendix C (C.3.7.1)

• Determine HAC Classification

Degree of Availability
Grade of Area
Source of release ventilation/ of
release classification
Dillution ventilation
Coupling from hose to tankers (2x) Primary Medium Fair Zone 1 + Zone 2
Flange from pipe and hose to pump Continuous Medium/High Fair Zone 0 + Zone 2
(4x)
IEC 60079-10 Solvent Bulk Storage
• Determine Extend of Hazard  Figure D1 EIC 60079-10 from Qc

Biggest Type of Extend of

Source of release Volumetric Release Hazard (m)
release (m3/s)
Coupling from hose to tankers 0.08 Heavy gas 1 + 2.5
Flange from pipe and hose to pump 0.076 Heavy gas 1 + 2.5
Example 2
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank charging

• Parameter :
1. Grade of Release
2. Degree of ventilation/dillution
3. Availability of ventilation
• Determining Source of release and Grade of release
Grade of release will be base on API 505
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank
charging
• Determining Source of release and Grade of release
Liquid surface inside the open tank
There is area contain flammable material that release flammable vapor continuously during the
operating time/pre batching time. So, the liquid surface in the vessel is considered as continuous
source of release. From that, this area will be classified as zone 0.
.

Area above the open tank

During the filling of the tank, the flammable vapor from the open tank will be release to the air. It’s
assumed that the filling time will be take 60 minutes per batch, and there are 4 batch processed in
this area per day. So the presence of flammable material release at the top the open tanks is 1320
hours/year. Following the API-505, the grade of release of these sources is considered as
continuous.
.
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank
charging
• Determining Source of release and Grade of release
Piping filling to open tank
During the filling of the tank, the flammable vapor fro the pipe discharge from the bulk tank to open tank will be
release to the air. It’s assumed that the filling time will be take 60 minutes per batch, and there are 4 batch
processed in this area per day. So the pesence of flammable material release at the top the open tanks is 1320
hours/year. Following the API-505, the grade of release of these sources is considered as continuous.
.

Filling pot tank using drum lifter

Part of the materials used for the process is filling to the pot tank from 200 liters drum using drum lifter. During
feeding of these materials, flammable may be released through the drum bung. It’s assumed that the time of
charging is 30 minutes per batch, and there will be 8 batch per day. So, the release time of flammable material is
1320 hours/year. Following the API-505, the grade of release of these sources is considered as continuous.
.
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank charging
• Calculating Vz and determining Degree of ventilation using Vz
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank charging
• Calculation of Qc and Determine Degree of ventilation/dillution Using Qc and C1 Chart

The volumetric release between 0,05 to 0,97 m3/s at the ventilation velocity of 0.1 m/2 resulting the
degree of dillution on pre batch area is Medium
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank charging
• Determine Availability of ventilation
Availability of ventilation  Fair  see Appendix C (C.3.7.1)

• Determine HAC Classification

Degree of Availability of
Source of release Grade of release ventilation/ ventilation Area classification
Dillution

Liquid surface inside the open Continuous Low Poor Zone 0

tank (pot tank)
Area above the open tank Continuous Medium Fair Zone 0 + Zone 2

Piping filling to open tank Continuous Medium Fair Zone 0 + Zone 2

Filling pot tank using drum lifter Continuous Medium Fair Zone 0 + Zone 2
IEC 60079-10 Portable mixing tank charging
• Determine Extend of Hazard  Figure D1 EIC 60079-10 from Qc

Biggest Type of Extend of

Source of release Volumetric Release Hazard (m)
release (m3/s)
Liquid surface inside the open tank 0.97 Heavy Gas Inside tank
(pot tank)
Area above the open tank (pot tank) 0.21 Heavy Gas 1+9

Piping filling to open tank 0.21 Heavy Gas 1 + 4.3

Filling pot tank using drum lifter 0.21 Heavy Gas 1 + 4.3
QUESTIONS??

prepared and presented by MFN