Sample Problems A music store sells its guitars at five times their cost

price. Find the shopkeeper’s minimum cost price if his

Question 1: Considering the problem given in the profit is more than Php 3000. 
beginning. Albert went to buy some novels for himself
at the book fair. He has a total of Php 200 with him.
The book fair has a special sale policy which offers Question 6: The length of the rectangle is 4 times its
any book at Php 70. Now he knows that he may not be breadth. The perimeter of the rectangle is less than
able to spend the full amount on the books. Let’s say 20. Formulate a linear inequality in two variables for
x is the number of books he bought. Represent this the given situation, plot its graph and calculate the
situation mathematically and graphically.  bounds for both length and breadth. 

Question 2: Consider the performance of the strikers Question 7: Rahul and Rinkesh play in the same
of the football club Real Madrid in the last 3 matches. football team. In the previous game, Rahul scored 2
Ronaldo and Benzema together scored less than 9 more goals than Rinkesh, but together they scored
goals in the last three matches. It is also known that less than 8 goals. Solve the linear inequality and plot
Ronaldo scored three more goals than Benzema. What this on a graph.
can be the possible number of goals Ronaldo
scored?  Question 8: In a class of 100 students, there are more
girls than boys, Can it be concluded that how many
Question 3: A classroom can fit at least 9 tables with girls would be there?
an area of a one-meter square. We know that the
perimeter of the classroom is 12m. Find the bounds
on the length and breadth of the classroom.  Question 9: In the previous question, is it possible for
the number of girls to be exactly 50 or exactly 100? If
Question 4: Formulate the linear inequality for the No, then why?
following situation and plot its graph. Let’s say Aman
and Akhil went to a stationery shop. Aman bought 3 Question 10: Solve the linear inequality and plot the
notebooks and Akhil bought 4 books. Let’s say cost graph for the same,
of each notebook was “x” and each book was “y”. The 7x+ 8y < 30
total expenditure was less than Php 500.  x= y/2

Question 5: Formulate the linear inequality for the

following situation and plot its graph. 
Answer Key

Question 1:. Albert went to buy some novels for

himself at the book fair. He has a total of Php 200 with
him. The book fair has a special sale policy which
offers any book at Php 70. Now he knows that he may
not be able to spend the full amount on the books.
Let’s say x is the number of books he bought.
Represent this situation mathematically and
graphically.  Question 2: Consider the performance of the strikers
of the football club Real Madrid in the last 3 matches.
Solution:  Ronaldo and Benzema together scored less than 9
We know that Albert cannot buy books for all the money goals in the last three matches. It is also known that
he has. So, let’s say the number of books he buys is “x”. Ronaldo scored three more goals than Benzema. What
Then,  can be the possible number of goals Ronaldo
scored? 
70x < 200
Solution: 
⇒ x <  Let’s say the number of goals scored by Benzema and
To plot the graph of this inequality, put x = 0.  Ronaldo are y and x respectively. 
x = y + 3 …..(1)
0 <   Thus, x = 0 satisfies the inequality. So, the graph
x + y < 9  …..(2) 
for the following inequality will look like, 
Substituting the value of x from equation (1) in equation
(2). 
y + 3 + y < 9 
⇒2y  < 6 
⇒y < 3
Possible values of y: 0,1,2 
Possible values of x: 3,4,5
Question 3: A classroom can fit at least 9 tables with
an area of a one-meter square. We know that the
perimeter of the classroom is 12m. Find the bounds Solution: 
on the length and breadth of the classroom.  Cost of each notebook was “x” and for each book, it was
“y”. Then the inequality can be described as,
Solution: 
It can fit 9 tables, that means the area of the classroom is 3x + 4y < 500
atleast 9m2. Let’s say the length of the classroom is x and Putting (x,y) → (0,0) 
breadth is y meters. 
2(x + y) = 12 {Perimeter of the classroom} 3(0) + 4(0) < 500

⇒ x + y = 6  Origin satisfies the inequality. Thus, the graph of its

solutions will look like, x.
Area of the rectangle is given by, 
xy > 9 
⇒x(6 – x) > 9 
⇒6x – x2 > 9 
⇒ 0 > x2 – 6x + 9 
⇒ 0 > (x – 3)2
⇒ 0 > x – 3 
⇒ x < 3 
Thus, length of the classroom must be less than 3 m. 
So, then the breadth of the classroom will be greater than
3 m. 
Question 4: Formulate the linear inequality for the Question 5: Formulate the linear inequality for the
following situation and plot its graph.  following situation and plot its graph. 
A music store sells its guitars at five times their cost
Let’s say Aman and Akhil went to a stationery shop. price. Find the shopkeeper’s minimum cost price if his
Aman bought 3 notebooks and Akhil bought 4 books. profit is more than Php 3000. 
Let’s say cost of each notebook was “x” and each Solution: 
book was “y”. The total expenditure was less than Let’s say the selling price of the guitar is y, and the cost
Php 500.  price is x.
y – x > 3000 ….(1) Perimeter = 2(x + y) < 20 ….(1)
⇒ x + y < 10 

It is also given that, 

y = 5x ….(2)  Given : x = 4y 
Substituting the value of y from equation (2) to equation Substituting the value of x in equation (1). 
(1). 
x + y < 10
5x – x > 3000 [pl
⇒ 5y < 10 
⇒ 4x > 3000 
⇒y<2
⇒  x >  So, x < 8 and y < 2. 

⇒ x> 750  Question 7: Rahul and Rinkesh play in the same

football team. In the previous game, Rahul scored 2
Thus, the cost price must be greater than Rs 750.  more goals than Rinkesh, but together they scored
Question 6: The length of the rectangle is 4 times its less than 8 goals. Solve the linear inequality and plot
width. The perimeter of the rectangle is less than 20. this on a graph.
Formulate a linear inequality in two variables for the
given situation, plot its graph and calculate the Solution:
bounds for both length and width.  The equations obtained from the given information in the
Solution:  question,
Let’s say the length is “x” and breadth is “y”. 
Suppose Rahul scored x Number of goals and Rinkesh Now, since Girls present in the class are more than boys,
scored y number of goals, it can be written in equation form as,
Equations obtained will be, x = y+2 ⇢ (1) G > B 
x+y< 8 ⇢ (2) The total number of students present in class is 100
(given),
It can be written as, G+ B= 100
B = 100- G
Substitute G> B in the equation formed,
G> 100 – G
2G > 100
G> 50
Hence, it is fixed that the number of girls has to be more
than 50 in class, it can be 60, 65, etc. Basically any
number greater than 50 and less than 100.
Solving both the equations, Question 9: In the previous question, is it possible for
y+2 + y < 8 the number of girls to be exactly 50 or exactly 100? If
No, then why?
2y < 6 Answer:
y< 3 No, It is not possible for the Number of girls to be exactly
50 since while solving, it was obtained that, G> 50 
Putting this value in equation (2),
In any case if G= 50 is a possibility, from equation G+ B=
x< 5 100, B = 50 will be obtained.
Question 8: In a class of 100 students, there are more This simply means that the number of boys is equal to the
girls than boys, Can it be concluded that how many number of girls which contradicts to what is given in the
girls would be there? question.

Solution: No, it is not possible for G to be exactly 100 as well, as

Let’s suppose that B is denoted for boys and G is denoted this proves that there are 0 boys in the class.
for girls.
Question 10: Solve the linear inequality and plot the
graph for the same,
7x+ 8y < 30
x= y/2
Solution: . Solution :
The linear inequality is given as, 7x+ 8y< 30 
At x= 0, y= 30/8= 3.75 Locate the two integers 23 and 17 on a number line and
At y= 0, x= 30/7= 4.28 mark them.

These values are the intercepts.

The graph for the above shall look like, 

23 is to the right of 17 on the number line.

This means that 23 is greater than 17.

We can write the above situation in terms of inequality

as

23 > 17

Putting x= y/2, that is, y= 2x in the linear inequality, 17 is to the left of 23 on the number line.
7x + 16x < 30
This means that 17 is less than 23.
x = 1.304
y = 2.609 We can write the above situation in terms of inequality
as
 17 < 23
Total number of units of work done by experienced
So, there was more precipitation in 2010. person per day is  5x 

2. Solution : Total number of units of work done by fresh one per

day is 3y 
Given : x and y stand for number of experienced person
and fresh workmen respectively.  Total number of units of work done by both
experienced person and fresh one per day is 
Total number of people recruited  is
=  5x + 3y
=  x + y 
As per the question, total number of units of work per
As per the question, total number of people day should be at least 30 units. 
(experienced + fresh) recruited should not be more
than 9.  That is, total number of units of work (5x + 3y) should
be equal to 30 or more than 30. 
That is, total number of people (x + y) recruited should
be equal to 9 or less than 9.  So, this situation can be expressed as

That is 5x + 3y  ≥  30

x + y  ≤  9

3. Solution : Listen to article11 minutes

Given : x and y stand for number of experienced person 4. Solution :

and fresh workmen respectively. 
Given : x and y stand for number of experienced person
and fresh workmen respectively. 
 5. Solution :
As per the question, no. of experienced hands(x) should
not be more than 5  Given : x and y stand for number of experienced person
and fresh workmen respectively. 
That is, no. of experienced hands should be equal to 5
or less than 5 
In this problem, the word "forbid" plays an important
So, we have role. 

x  ≤  5    or    x/5  ≤  1 -----(1) Meaning of "Forbid" is "Not allowed" 

According to the question, no. of fresh hands is equal to The union forbids the employer to employ less than 2
1.  experienced hands.

So, we have That is, the union does not allow the employer to employ
less than 2 experienced hands. 
y  =  1
Therefore, the employer should employ 2 or more than
Substitute y for z in (1).  2 experienced hands. 

(1)-----> x/5  ≤  y Then, we have

Multiply each side by 5. x  ≥  2

x  ≤  5y    (or)    5y  ≥  x x/2  ≥  1 -----(1)

So, the situation can be expressed as  And also, no. of fresh persons to be employed is equal to
1 
x  ≤  5y    (or)    5y  ≥  x
Then, we have Let x and y be the number of units of products A and B
respectively.
y  =  1
Number of units can never be a negative value.
Substitute y for 1 in (1).
So, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.
(1)-----> x/2  ≥  y     (or)    y  ≤  x/2
To understand the question better, we can represent
So, the situation can be expressed as  the given information in a table as shown below.

x/2  ≥  y     (or)    y  ≤  x/2

6. Solution :

In this question, we have two quantities - products and

hours.

You may get confused to assign variable for which

quantity.
From the first and second rows of the table,
Look at the quantity for which the minimum or maximum
value is given. Don't assign variable for the quantity for 2x + y ≤ 60
which you have minimum or maximum value. Assign
variable for the other quantity. x + 2y ≤ 40

In this question, since the maximum value is given for And also, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.
number of hours, don't assign variable for number of
hours. Assign variable for the other quantity, that is 7. Solution :
products.
In this question, we have two quantities - grades of x + 4y ≥ 12
plywood and hours.
And also, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.
Since the minimum value is given for grades of plywood,
don't assign variable for number of grades of plywood. 8. Solution :
Assign variable for the other quantity, that is number
of hours. Since we have to find the number of units of products
A and B to achieve the maximum product, assign
Let x and y be the number of hours required on variables for the products.
machines I and II respectively.
Let x and y be the number of units of products A and B
Number of hours can never be a negative value. respectively.

So, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0. Since the target is to achieve the maximum profit, we
have to set up an objective function which results
We can represent the given information in a table as profit.
shown below.
Let z be the total profit earned.

Profit for each unit of A = $5.

Profit for each unit of B = $2.

Then, we have

z = 5x + 2y

From the first and second rows of the table, Now, we have to find the values of x and y for which z
is maximum.
2x + 3y ≥ 14
We can represent the given information in a table as
shown below. Divide by 2. Divide by 2.

x + 3y = 12 3x + y = 12

Graph the following system of equations

x + 3y = 12

3x + y = 12

From the first and second rows of the table, and shade the feasible region which satisfy the
following system of inequalities.
2x + 6y ≤ 24
x + 3y ≤ 12
6x + 2y ≤ 24
3x + y ≤ 12
And also, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

To find the values of x and y for which z is maximum,

we have to graph the above system of inequalities.

For graphing purpose, assume the inequalities as

equation and do all possible simplification.

2x + 6y = 24 6x + 2y = 24
 (3, 3) ----> x = 3 and y = 3.

Thus, to achieve maximum profit the manufacturer

should produce 3 units each of both the products A and
B.

The boundary points of the feasible region or shaded

region are

(0, 0), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (0, 4)

Find the value z in each of the above points.

(0, 0) ----> z = 5(0) + 2(0) = 0 + 0 = 0

(4, 0) ----> z = 5(4) + 2(0) = 20 + 0 = 20

(3, 3) ----> z = 5(3) + 2(3) = 15 + 6 = 21

(0, 4) ----> z = 5(0) + 2(4) = 0 + 8 = 8

In the above four values of z, the maximum value is 21

at the point (3, 3).