FACULTY OF SPORTS SCIENCE &

RECREATION

Bleeding &
Wound
Prepared for: Ms. Siti Aishah binti Abd Rahman
T
E Name: Nurjihan binti Mohd Azrai
Name: Muhammad Syafiq bin Cik

A Matric no.: 2019280426

M
M Name: Nursyazasyazana Shahirah
binti Mohd Raful
A Matric no.: 2019244554
T Name: Tuan Maizatul Akma binti
E Tuan Mohamad Nazri
S Matric no.: 2019269292
Azman
Matric no.: 2019242672
Name: Muhammad Danial Zakwan
bin Abd Wahid
Matric no.: 2019417818
Name: Muhammad Hakim Syahmi
bin Mohamad Sabri
Matric no.: 2019469814

Class: SR113 4C
BLEEDING Loss of blood

Types of bleeding

internal
Losing blood inside the body either
blood leaks from blood vessels or
leaks from organs
external
Losing blood outside the body
either blood flows through
natural opening or blood move
through a break in skin
 severity of bleeding
Internal or external
Size of vessel Vessel is vein or artery
bleeding

Victim's general
Bleeding originated Victim's age and weight
physical condition
 bleeding sources &
artery
characteristics
Speed: Rapid
Effect: Under high capillary
pressure & hardest Speed: Slow
vein
to control Effect: Usually
Speed: Steady flow cause little blood
Effect: Hard to loss
control & large vein
may suck in air
severe bleeding
(steps to do) Activate EMS.
Find the cause and source of the bleeding & the
general condition of the victim.
Control and stop the bleeding.
Correct the victim position in which he or she
will be least affected by the loss of blood.
Maintain an open airway.
After bleeding is controlled, take measures to
prevent or control shock, take vital signs every
five minutes, repeat the victim assessment every
15 minutes, and stay alert for the complications
of blood loss.
 method to control
Direct pressure & elevation bleeding
• Place a sterile dressing over the wound until completely covered.
• Press firmly on the dressing with your fingertips directly to the bleeding site.
• Elevate the bleeding area above the level of the heart.
• If the dressing is soaked with blood, do not take it off but put other dressing on it,
and continue to apply pressure or reapply pressure. Never take off the dressing, it can
interfere the clotting and cause bleeding to resume.
• If necessary, you can increase the pressure on the bandage with a pressure bandage.

pressure bandage • Cover the wound completely with a thick dressing.

• Hold the dressing in place, wrap the pressure bandage
around the dressing tightly enough to apply moderate
pressure.
• Check the distal pulse periodically, and often check for
capillary filling, a sign that the pressure bandage is too tight.
 method to control
indirect pressure bleeding
• If direct pressure and elevation cannot control bleeding, applying pressure to
the pressure point can be effective in controlling blood flow to the injury site.
• Never replace indirect pressure with direct pressure as both should be used
simultaneously.
• Use pressure points with caution, as indirect pressure can cause damage from
insufficient blood flow.
• Never use indirect pressure if you suspect the bone under the artery may be
injured.

• You can use a commercial tourniquet, or you can fix the curtains from a rope,
tourniquet belt, handkerchief, towel, tie, or other suitable material at least 2 inches wide.
• Never use wire, umbilical cord, or other objects that can cut into the flesh
• Place the tourniquet at least 2 inches above the wound.
• If possible, do not apply the tourniquet directly to the skin. Doing so can twist or
pinch the skin and tissues. Use a padding or pad over the tissue to be compressed.
• Write a note detailing the location of the tourniquet, the time it was used, and
important signs of the victim at the time you used it.
• Never loosen or remove tourniquet except under the direction of a doctor.
seek medical
help if? Bleeding is uncontrollable, it requires the use of
a tourniquet, or is due to serious injury.
Wounds are too large and deep.
Gravel or dirt cannot be removed easily with
gentle cleaning.
You think there may be internal bleeding or
shock.
The injury was caused by an animal or human
bite.
The victim has a bleeding disorder.
Get to know me!

INTERNAL
BLEEDING
 From blunt or penetrating
trauma or certain fractures

What is Internal Not visible but internal

bleeding can be very
Bleeding? serious

suspect internal bleeding

based on signs and
symptoms as well as the
mechanism of injury
 Cause Sign & Symptoms
Intestinal Disease, Parasites. • Black, tarry stools; rigidity of the abdomen
Blunt Trauma to the abdomen • Spasms of abdominal muscles

Fractured Ribs or Sternum • Coughing up of bright red, frothy blood

• Shallow, rapid respiration, difficulty breathing

Bleeding Ulcer or Ingestion of Vomiting of bright red blood or dark brown

a Sharp Object partly digested blood that resembles coffee
grounds

Blockage of Urethra or Pelvic Blood in the urine or urine that is smoky

Fracture colored
 Fractured Ribs Pelvic Fracture

Bleeding Ulser Blunt Trauma

First Aid
care Steps Activate the EMS system.
Monitor the reaction force, airways, respiration and
blood circulation.
Assess cracks, fragments if appropriate.
Make sure the injured part of the body does not
move.
Place the person flat, lift the legs above heart level
(approximately 12 inches)
Protect people with a coat or blanket to keep warm.
If the victim starts vomiting, place in a sideways
position.
Monitor vital signs every five minutes until
emergency personnel arrive.
NOSEBLEED
What to do?
 NOSEBLEED-External
bleeding, blood flow
through nose

CAUSES:
Dry and/or hot air
Colds (upper respiratory infections), allergic
reaction especially involve repeated
sneezing, coughing, and nose blowing.
Forceful nose blowing or nose picking.
Insertion of foreign object into the nose.
High blood pressure
 NOSEBLEED-External
bleeding, blood flow
through nose
STEPS TO DO:
Keep the victim quiet and sit in an upright
position, leaning forward to prevent blood
from being swallowed or entering the lungs.
Never tilt his head backwards.
Pinch the nostrils together.
Breathe through your mouth
Once the nosebleed has stopped, do not pick
the nose or try to remove the blood left in
the nostrils. This can cause other nosebleeds.
If severe, activate EMS.
 NOSEBLEED-Activate EMS
if?
• You cannot stop the bleeding after more than 30 minutes of
using direct pressure.
• You experience recurrent bleeding episodes.
• Rapid bleeding or massive blood loss (more than a cup of
coffee).
• Bleeding caused by an injury, such as a fall or other blow to
the nose or face.
• You feel weak or faint.
• Blood goes down to the back of your throat rather than
coming out forward through the nose even when you are
sitting with your body and head slightly tilted forward.
• You experience a runny nose accompanied by unusual
bruising all over your body.
OPEN WOUND
What to do?
 TYPES OF OPEN WOUND

ABRASION WOUND
Open Wound? Scrape into a superficial layer of skin

PUNCTURE WOUND
An injury Caused by the penetration of object through the
skin and internal organ

involving a break LACERATION WOUND

Irregular soft tissue incisions are caused by blows

in body tissue from blunt objects

INCISION WOUND
usually involving Smooth edges soft tissue cuts caused by sharp
object

the skin AVULSION WOUND

Partial or complete tearing of the skin flap

AMPUTATION
Tearing limbs from the body
ABRASION PUNCTURE LACERATION

INCISION AVULSION AMPUTATION

 OPEN WOUND = First Aid
Care for Simple Open
Wounds
• Wash and irrigate the wound with clean
running tap water at moderate pressure. Never
rub the wound.
• Gently pat the wound with sterile gauze and
apply antibiotic ointment (Neosporin).
• Use direct pressure and elevation to control
bleeding.
• Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and
bandage.
 OPEN WOUND = Activate
EMS if?

• The wound is deeper than the outer layer of

the skin.
• There is uncontrolled bleeding.
• There is extensive contamination.
• Injuries involving nerves, muscles, or tendons.
• Wounds involve the mouth, tongue, face,
genitals, or anything the area where the scar will
become deformed.
• Wounds are human or animal bites.
OPEN WOUND = Signs of
Wound Infection

• Increased pain
• Swelling
• Redness
• Warmth
• Pus drainage
• Fever
 OPEN WOUND = What to
do? (For impaled object)

• Never remove a blocked object unless it penetrates the cheek or

causes airway or chest problems.
• Remove the victim's clothing if necessary to expose the wound.
• Lock stuck objects manually to prevent movement. Moving a
clogged object in the slightest can increase bleeding and cause
damage to the underlying tissue.
• Control bleeding with direct pressure, but do not put pressure
on the clogged object.
• Stabilize the impaled object with a large bandage.
• Calm and reassure the victim.
• Activate the EMS system immediately.
• Do not attempt to cut, break, or shorten a hidden object unless
transportation cannot be done with its place.
 OPEN WOUND = What to
do? (For amputation)
• Be careful with amputated body parts; the way you handle it can
determine if the surgeon can reinstall it later.
• Generally, you should not waste time looking for an amputated
part or neglect the care of the victim.
• If the amputated body part can be found quickly or by someone
else, then
• Rinse gently with clean water, but do not rub.
• Wrap in dry, sterile clothing.
• Place the amputated body part in a plastic bag.
• Place in a cooler bag or container until it is on top of the cooler
bag.
• Give to EMS when they arrive, to take with the victim.
• Maintain the length of limbs or joints as far as possible; take care
that facial skin and soft tissues are not maintained
Thank
You