HEMORRHAGE

Group 4:
Duque, Gon Lui
Mangubat, Katrina Nicole
Palumpa, Chris Ann
Tan, Kaye Angel
Tropezado, Anthon Kyle
 AGENDA

1 Definition of Hemorrhage 5 Treatment

Signs & Symptoms 6 Nursing

2
Management

3 Risk Factors and

Causes

4 Types of Hemorrhage
WHAT IS HEMORRHAGE?

Bleeding, also called hemorrhage, is a medical term

used to describe blood loss. It can refer to blood loss
inside the body, called internal bleeding, or to blood
loss outside of the body, called external bleeding
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Early signs and symptoms: Severe symptoms of hemorrhage:

Restlessness Extreme pallor

Feeling Faint Chill sensation
Coldness Extreme thirst
Pallor Extreme low blood pressure
Patient feels thirsty Air hunger
 RISK
FACTORS &
CAUSES
RISK FACTORS

Age
Family History
Sex

Other Risk Factors

Lifestyle
 CAUSES OF HEMORRAGE
There are many possible causes of bleeding, such as:

1 TRAUMA

An injury can cause traumatic bleeding. Traumatic injuries vary in their severity.

Common types of traumatic injury include:

- Abrasions (scrapes) that don’t penetrate too far below the skin
- Hematoma or bruises
- Lacerations (cuts)
- Puncture wounds from items like needles, nails, or knives
- Crushing injuries
- Gunshot wounds
 CAUSES OF HEMORRAGE
There are many possible causes of bleeding, such as:

2 MEDICAL CONDITION

There are also some medical conditions that can cause bleeding. Bleeding due to a medical
condition is less common than traumatic bleeding.

Conditions that can cause bleeding include:

- Hemophilia
- Leukemia
- Liver disease
- Menorrhagia, heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, like what’s sometimes seen in
endometriosis
- Thrombocytopenia, low blood platelet count
- von Willebrand disease
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Brain trauma
- Colon diverticulosis
 CAUSES OF HEMORRAGE
There are many possible causes of bleeding, such as:

3 MEDICATION

- Aspirin and blood thinners (like antiplatelet and

anticoagulant medicines), such as heparin and
warfarin, can increase the risk of excess
bleeding.
 TYPES OF
HEMORRHAGE
1. According to the vessels involved
Capillary hemorrhage - is oozing of blood from minute vessels
Arterial hemorrhage - is blood loss from artery. The blood is
bright red and spurts with the heart beat
Venous hemorrhage - is the blood loss from veins. The blood loss
is dark red in color, there is no spurting and rate of loss is much
less severe than arterial hemorrhage
2. Clinical classification of the hemorrhage
Concealed hemorrhage - is internal hemorrhage
Revealed hemorrhage - is a type when bleeding can be
seen externally
Primary hemorrhage - that which soon follows an injury
Intermediate hemorrhage - occurs in first 24 hrs after
operation
Secondary hemorrhage - occurs following an injury after a
considerable lapse of time
Primary hemorrhage Secondary hemorrhage

Intermediate hemorrhage
 CONTROLLING
BLEEDING AND ITS
FIRST AID TREATMENT
 CONTROL OF EXTERNAL AND
INTERNAL HEMORRHAGE

External Bleeding Internal Bleeding

Pad and bandage
Apply direct or firm pressure
The injured is elevated or if
the injured area is an
extremity, the extremity is
immobilized.
Application of tourniquet
Packed red blood cells, plasma, and
platelets are given at a rapid rate.
Arterial blood gas specimens are
obtained to evaluate pulmonary
function and tissue perfusion.
Maintained in the supine position
and monitored closely until
hemodynamic or circulatory
parameters improve.
FIRST AID TREATMENT IN CASE OF SEVERE BLEEDING

External Internal
Bring the sides of the wounds together and
Lay the causality down with head low; rise
press firmly.
the legs by use of pillow
Press on the pressure point for 10-15
Keep patient calm and relaxed
minutes.
Do not allow patient to move
Place the causality in a comfortable
Keep up the body heat with thin blankets or
position and raise the injured part and
coat
reassure him.
Do not apply ice bag or hot water bag to
Apply a clean pad larger than the wound
chest and abdomen
and press it firmly with the palm until
Take patient to the hospital as early as
bleeding becomes less.
possible
If bleeding continues, do not take off the
original dressing but add more pads.
Bandage it but not too tightly.
 NURSING
MANAGEMENT
Frequent nursing assessment is very
important.

Document the progress and

response of the patient.

Assess blood chemistries, blood gas,

oxygen saturation and electrolytes.

Assess for the air way, breathing,

and circulation.
Identify the bleeding site, amount of
blood loss, and nature of the injury.

Assess respiratory tract for the clearance, rate

of respiration and auscultate the respiratory
sounds for any abnormalities.

Improve oxygenation

Restore and maintain adequate

perfusion
Temperature and cardiac monitoring

Bleeding control

Assess patient for fluid overload

Psychological support

Nutrition

Blood transfusion
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!