20

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

EXPERIMENT 4: ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

MATERIALS:
Balances
Mortar and Pestle
Cane sugar
Magnifying lens
Bar magnet
Iron filings
Sulfur
Dilute HCl
Test tubes
Test tube rack
Test tube holder
Watch glass
Evaporating dish
250ml beaker
Tongs
Bunsen burner

PROCEDURE:

1. In a mortar and pestle, mix (but do not grind) a pinch of sulfur powder and iron filings.
Then, spread the mixture on a watch glass, placed above a clean piece of white paper, and
observe under a magnifying glass. Note your observations.

2. Pass a bar magnet over the mix from the previous number.

3. In a mortar and pestle, mix (but do not grind) 0.5g of sulfur powder and 0.5g iron filings.
Then, making use of a paper funnel, transfer the mix to a test tube. Heat the mixture until it
begins to glow. Remove from the flame. When the glowing stops, heat again strongly for a few
minutes. Remove the solid from the test tube and place it in an evaporating dish. Note your
observations.

4. Pass a bar magnet over the mix from the previous number.

5. To the mix from the previous number, add 0.5ml and note the odor of the gas given off.

6. Put 2-5g (make a layer of ¼ inch deep) of cane sugar in a dry and clean test tube. Heat the
test tube while holding a cool inverted beaker near the mouth of the test tube. Note your
observations.

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REPORT SHEET

PROCEDURE OBSERVATIONS
1

Additional Questions:
a. Have the iron and
sulfur undergone
any change in
2 properties?

b. Is it an element,
compound or
mixture?

a. Can you still

identify the
particles of iron
from particles of
sulfur?
b. Is it an element,
3
compound or
mixture? Give
reason for your
answer.

a. What is collected
in the beaker?

b. Where did this

come from?

6
c. What are the
elements present in
this substance?

d. What is left
behind in the test
tube?

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e. What element is
it?

f. What elements
therefore are
present in
combination in
sugar?

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STATES OF MATTER

EXPERIMENT 5: FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER

MATERIALS:
ice (crushed)
100ml beaker
Graduated cylinder
Distilled water
Thermometer
Test tube
Test tube holder
Bunsen burner

PROCEDURE:

1. Fill your 100 ml beaker 1/3 full with ice and add 5 ml of water. Stir for 5 seconds then take
the temperature. Set aside and wait for 1 minute, then take the temperature again. Do this
until three consecutive readings are identical.

2. In a test tube, put 15 ml of distilled water. Heat the water in the test tube. When the water
boils, expose a dry 100ml beaker near the mouth of the test tube.

3. Place 5 ml of water in a 100ml beaker and add ice cubes. Allow to stand for a few minutes.

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REPORT SHEET

PROCEDURE OBSERVATIONS
1 Temp after 5 seconds
Temp after 1 minute
Temp for the succeeding minutes

Additional Questions:
a. Define Melting Point

b. Is melting considered
endothermic or exothermic?

c. What is the importance of

knowing the melting point of a
solid?

d. What is the change in state?

2 a. What comes out of the test

tube when the water boils?

b. Define boiling point

c. What do you observe on the

sides of the beaker?

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d. What are the two processes

involved in this procedure?

e. What is the change in state?

3 a. What collects on the

outside of the beaker?

b. Where did it come from?

c. Why did it form on the

beaker?

d. What is the name given to

this process?

e. When a gas turns to liquid,

is it exothermic or
endothermic?

f. What is the change in state?

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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

EXPERIMENT 6: OBSERVE THE CHANGES

MATERIALS:
Watch glass
Cane sugar
Magnesium ribbon (2-in strip)
Tongs
Bunsen burner
Test tubes
Test tube holder
Test tube rack

PROCEDURE:

1. In a watch glass, place a pinch of cane sugar then add 2-3 drops of concentrated sulfuric
acid. Observe after a few minutes.

2. Get a 2-in strip of magnesium ribbon. Note and describe the appearance.

3. Hold the magnesium ribbon at one end with tongs and ignite it. Note your observations.

4. Place 1ml of sodium chloride solution in a test tube. Add 3 drops of silver nitrate solution.
Note your observations.

5. Place 2 ml of dilute sulfuric acid in a test tube. Add a small piece of zinc. Note your
observations.

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REPORT SHEET

PROCEDURE OBSERVATIONS
1 a. What kind of
change has the sugar
undergone?

b. Why do you say so?

3 a. What is the result

of igniting it?

b. What kind of
change has taken
place?

c. Why do you say so?

4 a. What is the result?

b. What kind of
change has taken
place?

c. Why do you say so?

5 a. What is the result?

b. What kind of
change has taken
place?

c. Why do you say so?

Module 1