`

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

for General Chemistry 1/ Grade 12

Quarter 1/ Week 1

NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2 1 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2

 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide for STEM students in

the use of properties of matter to identify substances and in
describing various simple separation techniques of mixture. It will
be your aid as you learn new ideas and enrich your existing
knowledge about chemistry concepts.

This kit may accompany the students in their journey as they

explore the intricacies of MATTER through science amidst
COVID-19 pandemic.

2 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
K : explain properties of matter and its various forms
S : use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate
them
A : relate the properties of matter in understanding nature

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
- Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate
them (STEM_GC11IMPla-b-5)
- Describe various simple separation techniques such as
distillation, chromatography (STEM_GC11IMPla-b-12)

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY/PRE-TEST

A. Multiple Choice. Read carefully and choose the letter that best
corresponds to your answer.

1. Which is the best way to get salt from salty water?

a. evaporation c. filtration
b. distillation d. chromatography

2. Pure water can be separated from inky water by simple

distillation because
a. Water and ink have different boiling points.
b. Water evaporates leaving the ink particles behind.
c. Ink evaporates leaving the water behind.
d. none of the above

3. Which method is usually used to separate colored substances

from each other?
a. distillation c. evaporation
b. chromatography d. decantation

3 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
4. How could you separate iron filings from a mixture of iron and
sulfur?
a. using a magnet c. by distillation
b. by adding water and filtering d. all of these

5. In filtration, what name is used to describe the solid left in the filter
paper?
a. filtrate c. residue
b. distillate d. precipitate

6. What is the name of the piece of paper at the end of a

chromatography experiment?
a. filtrate c. residue
b. chromatogram d. art paper

7. The process of evaporating a liquid and then condensing the

vapor by cooling it is known as
a. decantation c. distillation
b. filtration d. chromatography

8. In the distillation apparatus, what

are the parts labeled A and B?

a. A → thermometer; B → funnel
b. A → funnel; B → thermometer
c. A → Liebig condenser; B → flask
d. A → Liebig condenser; B → thermometer

9. Dyes in water-soluble markers may be separated by means of

a. decantation c. distillation
b. chromatography d. evaporation

10. Water and alcohol are easily separated by distillation because

of their
a. different colors c. different melting points
b. different densities d. different boiling points

4 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
DISCUSSION:

Almost everything in this universe is made of matter because

by definition is everything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter is therefore diverse but some forms of it has similar or even
unique properties. Properties can either be physical or chemical
and extensive or intensive.

Physical and Chemical Properties. A physical property is a

characteristic of a substance that can be measured or observed
without changing the identity of matter. On the other hand,
chemical property is the characteristics that describe its ability to
undergo specific chemical change thus changing the identity of
matter. Figure 1, shows some of the example of a physical and
chemical properties of matter.

Figure 1. Difference of physical and chemical properties with some of each example.

Source: https://sciencenotes.org/chemical-and-physical-properties/

Intensive and Extensive Properties. Intensive properties do not

change their value when the amount of matter is changed.
Meanwhile, extensive properties change their value when the
amount of matter or substance is changed. Figure 2 are some
examples of intensive and extensive properties of matter.

5 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
 Figure 2. https://www.thoughtco.com/intensive-vs-extensive-properties-604133

Source: https://sciencenotes.org/chemical-and-physical-properties/

Separation of Components in Matter

A mixture is composed of two or more types of matter that
can be present in varying amounts and can be physically
separated by using methods that use physical properties to
separate the components of the mixture, such as evaporation,
distillation, filtration, and chromatography.

Evaporation
Evaporation can be used as a separation method to separate
components of a mixture with a dissolved solid in a liquid. The liquid
is evaporated, meaning it is converted from its liquid state to a
gaseous state. This often requires heat. Once the liquid is
completely evaporated, the solid is all that is left behind (see figure
3).

Figure 3. Evaporation can be used as a separation technique.

Source: https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/chem1114langaracollege/wp-content/uploads/sites/387/2018/04/Evaporation-
Method.png

6 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
 Salt production is obtained through evaporation from inland
salt pans, coastal salt pans, and seawater (see figure 4). A salt pan
is a shallow dam in the ground where salt water evaporates to
leave a layer of dry salt. When seawater is allowed to stand in
shallow pans, the water gets heated by sunlight and slowly turns
into water vapor, through evaporation. Once the water has
evaporated completely, the solid salt is left behind.

Figure 4. People are busy collecting dried salt in salt pan to be packaged and sold.

Source: https://www.redduckpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Salt-5.-1000x559-72-1.jpg

Decantation

For mixtures of liquid and heavy insoluble solids, decantation

is the most appropriate method to use. Decantation of the sand-
water mixture is carried out by gently pouring the water out of the
container after the sand has settled at the bottom of the container
(see figure 5).

Figure 5. Separating sand from water.

Source: https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Decantation-
Definition.png
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Sublimation

Volatile solids may be separated from nonvolatile substances

through sublimation. Naphthalene is separated from table salt
using this process.

Figure 6. Naphthalene or commonly called moth balls. A substance that can easily undergo sublimation.

Source: https://www.totalwardrobecare.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/naphthalene-moth-balls-in-
bowl.jpgDefinition.png

Distillation

Distillation is a separation technique used to separate

components of a liquid mixture by a process of heating and
cooling, which uses the differences in the boiling point of each of
the components such as ethyl alcohol and water (see figure 7).

Figure 7. Experimental setup for distillation.

Source: https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-7/separating-mixtures/images/gr7mm02-gd-0023.png

8 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
Distillation procedure:
1. The round bottom flask contains the liquid mixture which must
be heated to a vigorous boil.
2. The component with the lower boiling point will change into
its gaseous state.
3. Upon contact with the water-cooled condenser, the gas will
condense.
4. It will trickle down into the receiving flask where the chemist
can recuperate the final distilled liquid.
5. The other liquid component remains in the round bottom
flask.

The mixture of the two liquids is placed in the distillation flask

and heated to the lowest boiling point. In the case of an
ethanol/water mixture, the temperature would be the boiling point
of ethanol which is 78°C. All the liquid with that boiling point will
evaporate, condense in the Liebig condenser, and pass into the
receiving flask. The liquid with the higher boiling point which is water
(100°C) will remain in the distillation flask.

Filtration

When the particles in a mixture are too small and when the
components of the mixture are in different states, we can separate
them by filtration using a filter.

Filtration procedure:
1. The mixture is poured through a funnel lined with filter paper.
2. The filtrate (liquid) drips through to the filter flask
3. The solid remains in the funnel.
4. The clear liquid that has passed through the filter paper is
called the filtrate and the particles that are left behind on
the filter paper is called the residue (see figure 8).

9 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
 Have you ever noticed how, when people work in dusty or
smoky environments, they wear dust masks or smoke masks? Why
do you think that is necessary?

Figure 8. Muddy water is poured through a funnel lined with filter paper to remove the small sand and clay
particles.

Source: https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-7/separating-mixtures/images/gr7mm02-gd-0014.png

Figures 9 and 10 a gas mask that works on the filtration

process. Layers of very fine filters trap harmful substances and dust
or smoke partiles, so that only clean air is let through. Another
example is the N95 respirators and surgical masks are examples of
personal protective equipment that are used to protect the wearer
from respiratory diseases including COVID-19 by filtering airborne
particles and liquid from contaminating the face (see figure 11).

Figure 9. A firefighter wears a mask to filter out the Figure 10. A smoke mask consists of filter layers which clean
smoke. the dirty air before it is breathed into the body.

Source: Source: https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-

http://www.flickr.com/photos/humblog/2381521496/ 7/separating-mixtures/images/gr7mm02-gd-0016.png

10 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
 Figure 11. People are wearing mask while practicing social distancing to protect them from COVID-19.

Source: https://img.freepik.com/free-vector/social-distancing-people-child-keeping-distance-infection-risk-disease_38066-
358.jpg?size=626&ext=jpg

Chromatography

Chromatography is the method used to separate

components of different degrees of solubility using a moving and a
stationary fluid. This method works in separating the color pigments
of inks. An example is paper chromatography (see figure 12), liquid
is drawn through the paper fibers. But, why do the pigments in the
ink separate into bands of different colors?

Figure 12. Paper chromatography setup. Figure 13. An example of a strip chromatogram.

Source: https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade- Source: https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-

7/separating-mixtures/images/gr7mm02-gd-0026.png 7/separating-mixtures/images/gr7mm02-gd-0028.jpg

The pigments in the ink are carried along by the liquid, but
because they are different compounds, they get carried upward
at different speeds. This causes them to appear as bands of
different colors on the chromatogram (see figure 13).

11 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
Why are the different pigments carried at different speeds?

Pigments migrate at different speeds because of differences

in their properties: large pigment particles tend to move more
slowly. Furthermore, particles that dissolve well in the liquid will tend
to stay in the liquid and be carried to the top quickly, while particles
that bind well to the paper will tend to move more slowly.

Magnetism

Magnets are normally used to remove magnetic solids from

the nonmagnetic components of the mixture. For example, the
mixture of sulfur and iron fillings can be separated by using a
magnet to attract the iron away from the sulfur (see figure 14).

Figure 13. Separating iron fillings from sulfur.

Source: https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8302/29436639291_359aa94e3b_o.png

POINTS TO PONDER
✓ Mixtures can be physically separated by using methods that use
physical properties to separate the components of the mixture,
such as evaporation, distillation, filtration and chromatography,
magnetism, decantation, and sublimation.

12 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST:

A. Multiple Choice. Read carefully and choose the letter that best
corresponds to your answer.

1. Name the separation technique shown in the

diagram on the right.
a. filtration c. distillation
b. decantation d. evaporation

2. Miscible liquids that have different boiling

points can be separated by
a. chromatography c. decantation
b. filtration d. distillation

3. Which one of the following is not an example of a separation

technique?
a. fishing net c. surgical mask
b. tea strainer d. boiling an egg

4. In a coffee machine, the ground coffee is separated from the

coffee solution by using
a. tissue paper c. sand paper
b. toilet paper d. filter paper

5. This is a simple method of separating a heavy insoluble solid from

a liquid.
a. distillation c. filtration
b. decantation d. sublimation

6. Which of the following pairs of substances may best be

separated through distillation?
a. water and alcohol c. iron filings and salt
b. sand and soil d. salt and sand

7. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of evaporation?

a. The solvent is not recovered.
b. It cannot be used for insoluble solids.

13 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
 c. All of the solutes is recovered.
d. It always requires heat.

8. Which one of the following would you use to separate sand from
iron filings?
a. a distillation apparatus c. chromatography paper
b. filter paper d. a bar magnet

9. Choose the statement that describes the filtration of muddy

water.
a. Water passes while mud is retained on filter paper.
b. Water passes through the filter paper and is called the
residue.
c. Water is retained on the filter paper and is called the filtrate.
d. Mud is retained on filter paper and is called the filtrate.

10. The diagram shows the apparatus for separating soil and water.
What are the labeled parts?
a. A→ distillate; B → filtrate
b. A→ residue; B → filtrate
c. A→ filtrate; B → residue
d. A→ residue; B → distillate

B. Performance Task

In this experiment, the components of a mixture will be

separated from each other. The techniques applied for this
separation do not involve a chemical reaction so that the isolated
components will retain their identity.

Materials
1. A mixture containing the following:
a. Water and soil
b. Silicon dioxide, SiO2, and salt
2. Coffee filter/Muslin cloth (katsa)
3. Clear glass
4. Water

14 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
Procedure

1. Collect some muddy water or mix water and soil in a glass. Let it
stand for half an hour. Observe the water and note your
observations.
2. Slightly tilt the glass without disturbing the water. Let the water
from the top flow into another glass.
3. Filter the water in the second glass using the coffee filter/Muslin
cloth.
4. Collect water from the sea or mix sand and salt. Place them in a
glass and add water. Leave the glass aside for some time.
5. Pour the mixture into a kettle or metal pan and let it boil until the
water is boiled off.

Observations
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.

1. What do you call the process when you tilt the glass and let the
water flow to another glass without disturbing the mud?
2. What process is present when you filter water using Muslin cloth?
3. What is left after boiling the mixture in a metal pan?

REFERENCES

Duerdecker, Samantha 2019. Physical and Chemical Researcher of

Matter, Powered by Monster. Reference on
https://chem.labretext.org.(Bookshelves)/ Inorganic_Chems

“Methods of Separation.” BYJUS, Byju’s, 25 July 2018,

byjus.com/chemistry/methods-of-separation/.

“Open Textbooks | Siyavula.” Intl.siyavula.com,

www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10/classification-of-
matter/02. Accessed 9 July 2021.

15 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

GERALD T. UBAG
Lay-Out Artist

MARY JOYCEN A. ALAM-ALAM/ ROSEWIN P. ROCERO

Writers
_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
JOAN Y. BUBULI
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
DEXTER D. PAIRA
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR. JUSTIN PAUL ASERNIO C. KINAMOT
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY ARJIE T. PALUMPA
MERCY G. DAGOY LESTER C. PABALINAS
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality
to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and
evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in
any form without division.

16 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2
SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

This Self-Learning Kit tackles about

the properties of matter and the
different methods of separating
mixtures.
You are expected to learn and
develop knowledge about the
properties of matter, describe different
methods of separating mixtures, and
display appreciation especially the role
Pre-activity/Pre-test
played by filtration amidst the COVID-19 A. 1. a 6. b
2. a 7. c
pandemic. 3. b 8. d
4. a 9. b
5. c 10. d

Evaluation/Post-test
ABOUT THE AUTHORS A. 1. d 6. a
2. d 7. a
3. d 8. d
MARY JOYCEN A. ALAM-ALAM, 4. d is a9. asenior high
school teacher in Dauin Science High b
5. b 10. School. She
B. Answer may vary.
earned her Bachelor of Secondary Education major
in Biological Science in Negros Oriental State
University in 2016. She was also a DOST-SEI scholar
under R.A. No. 10612.

ROSEWIN P. ROCERO is Senior High School teacher of

Sta. Catalina Science High School. She is a part-time
instructor of NORSU – Bayawan-Sta. Catalina
Campus. She earned her Bachelor of Science in
Biology from NORSU Main Campus and she is
currently finishing her post-graduate studies in
Master of Arts in Science Teaching.

17 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week1_v2