SOLUTIONS 15

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTION

1. The solubility of N2 in water at 300 K and 500 torr partial Ans. (c)
pressure is 0.01 gL1 .The solubility (in gL1 ) at 750 torr Sol. ΔTf =iK f m ....(1)
partial pressure is : Online 2016 SET (1) α
i = 1-α + (Association) ... (2)
(a) 0.0075 (b) 0.015 n
(c) 0.02 (d) 0.005 from (1)
Ans. (b)
0.2
Sol. P = KH x 0.45  i  5.12 
60  0.02
500 = K H × 0.01  1 i=0.5273
750 = K H × S  2 from (2)
divide both α
0.5273=1-α+ (n=2)
n
500 0.01 0.01  750
 S α=0.945  94.5%
750 S 500
 0.015
4. What quantity (in mL) of a 45% acid solution of a mono-
2. 18 g glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g water. The
vapour pressure of water (in torr) for this aqueous solution protic strong acid must be mixed with a 20% solution of
is: (2016) the same acid to produce 800 mL of a 29.875% acid
(a) 76.0 (b) 752.4
(c) 759.0 (d) 7.6 solution ? (2017)
Ans. (b) (a) 320 (b) 325
P0 -PS n B (c) 316 (d) 330
Sol. =
PS nA Ans. (c)
Sol.
760-PS 18 18
= ×
PS 180 178.2 Acid
760
-1=0.1 0.101
PS
A B
760
=1.0101 45%  20%  29.875%
PS
Vml (800-V)nl 800ml
PS  752.4
using conc. formula
45×V+20×(800-V)=800×29.875
3. The freezing point of benzene decreases by 0.45°C when
45V+16000-20V= 23900
0.2 g of acetic acid is added to 20 g of benzene. If acetic 25V=7900
acid associates to form a dimer in benzene, percentage V=316
association of acetic acid in benzene will be :
(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1) (2017)
5. 5g of Na2SO4 was dissolved in x g of H2O. The change in
(a) 80.4% (b) 74.6% freezing point was found to be 3.82°C. If Na2SO4 is 81.5%
(c) 94.6% (d) 64.6% ionized, the value of x Online 2017 SET (1)
 16 SOLUTIONS
(Kf for water = 1.86°C kg mol–1) is approximately :
(molar mass of S = 32 g mol–1 and that of Na = 23 g mol–1)
  
PT  xCH 2Cl2 P 0  xCHCl3 P 0 
(a) 15 g (b) 25 g PT = 0.5 × 415 + 0.5 × 200 = 307.5 mmHg
(c) 45 g (d) 65 g
Ans. (c) PCHCl3 100
yCHCl3    0.32
Sol. T f  i  K f m PT 307.5
7. Two 5 molal solutions are prepared by dissolving a non-
3.82 = i× 1.86× m 1 electrolyte non-volatile solute separately in the solvents
then X and Y. The molecular weights of the solvents are MX
i =1- α + nα  2 3
and MY, respectively where MX = MY . The relative
For Na2 SO4  2 Na   SO4 4
lowering of vapour pressure of the solution in X is “m”
n=3 times that of the solution in Y. Given that the number of
So from (2) moles of solute is very small in comparison to that of
i = 1- 0.815 + 3 × 0.815 solvent, the value of “m” is :
Online 2018 SET (2)
i = 2.63
from (1) 4 3
(a) (b)
3.82 = 2.63 × 1.86 × m 3 4
m = 0.78 1 1
(c) (d)
2 4
mole of solute
 0.78 Ans. (b)
mass of solvent
Sol. Given
5 3
 0.78 Mx  My ... (1)
142  x 4
1 The relative lowering of the vapour pressure of two
 22.152 solution is given as-
x
x  0.04514 kg  P   P 
   m  ...(2)
 P x  P y
x  45.1g
The relative lowering of vapour pressure of solution is
directly proportional to the mole fraction of solute
6. A solution is prepared by mixing 8.5 g of CH2Cl2 and 11.95 5 molal solution = 5 moles in 1000 g solvent
g of CHCl3. If vapour pressure of CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 at 298
K are 415 and 200 mm Hg respectively, the mole fraction of 1000
no. of moles of solvent 
CHCl3 in vapour form is : Online 2017 SET (2) M
–1
(Molar mass of Cl = 35.5 g mol ) 5
(a) 0.162 (b) 0.675 The mole fraction of solute 
1000 / M
(c) 0.325 (d) 0.486
Ans. (c) 5M

1000
8.5
Sol. moles of CH 2 Cl2 = = 0.1 moles from (2)
85
5M x 5M y
11.95  m
moles of CHCl3 = = 0.1 moles 1000 1000
119.4
Add value of M x from 1
0.1
xCHCl3   0.5
0.1  0.1 5 3 5M y
 M y  m
1000 4 1000
 SOLUTIONS 17

10. The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 400

3
m and 600 mm Hg, respectively at 298 K. On mixing the
4 two liquids, the sum of their initial volumes is equal to
8. For 1 molal aqueous solution of the following compounds, the volume of the final mixture. The mole fraction of
liquid B is 0.5 in the mixture. The vapour pressure of the
which one will show the highest freezing point? (2018)
final solution, the mole fractions of components A and
(a) [Co(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O (b) [Co(H2O)3Cl3].3H2O B in vapour phase, respectively are:
(c) [Co(H2O)6]Cl3 (d) [Co(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O
(2019-04-08/Shift-1)
Ans. (b) (a) 500 mmHg, 0.4, 0.6 (b) 500 mmHg, 0.5, 0.5
Sol. Substance having equal conc. so depression of freezing (c) 450 mmHg, 0.5, 0.5 (d) 450 mmHg, 0.4, 0.6
point depend upon van’t hoff factor Ans. (a)
ΔTf  i Sol.
So high value of i lesser will be f. pt & low value of Ptotal  X A PA0  X B PB0  0.5  400  0.5  600  500 mm Hg
higher will be f.pt Now, mole fraction of A in vapour
For ionic compound van’t Half factor is equal to the
number of ions in a formula unit of the substance. P 0.5  400
YA  A   0.4 and mole fraction of B in vapour
In option (b) number of ions =1 Ptotal 500
So, Value of I will be lowest.
YB  1  0.4  0.6
[Co(H 2 O)4 ]Cl.2H 2 O  [Co(H 2 O)4 Cl2 ]+
11. Liquid ‘M’ and liquid ‘N’ form an ideal solution. The
+Cl- +2H 2 O
vapour pressures of pure liquids ‘M’ and ‘N’ are 450
i=2 and 700 mmHg, respectively, at the same temperature.
(b) [Co(H O) Cl ].H O  [Co(H O) Cl ]+3H O Then correct statement is:
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2
No dissociation ( xM  Mole fraction of ‘M’ in solution;
i=1
(c) [Co(H2 O)6 ]Cl3  [Co(H 2 O)6 ]2+ +3Cl xN  Mole fraction of ‘N’ in solution;
i=4 yM  Mole fraction of ‘M’ in vapour phase;
2+ -
(d) [Co(H 2 O)3Cl]Cl2 .H2 O  [Co(H 2 O)3Cl]H +2Cl +H 2O
yN  Mole fraction of ‘N’ in vapour phase)
i=3
Note : Whatever is square bracket do not dissociate in aq. solution. (2019-04-09/Shift-1)
XM yM XM yM
9. The mass of a non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute (molar (a) X  y (b) X  y
N N N N
mass =50 g mol-1) needed to be dissolved in 114 g octane
to reduce its vapour pressure to 75 percent is :
Online 2018 SET (3) X M yM
(c)  X M  y M    x N  YN  (d) 
(1) 37.5 g (2) 75 g XN yN
(3) 16.6 g (4) 50 g
Ans. (c) Ans. (A)
Sol. Let V.P of pure  100 Sol. PM  450
V.P. of solution  75 PN  700

P 0  Ps nB PM  X M 450

Ps nA PN  X N 700

25 W 114 YM PT X M 450
  
75 50 114 YN PT X N 700

50 YM PT X M 450
W  16.6 g 
3 YN PT X N 700
 18 SOLUTIONS
Ans. (c)
XM yM
 Sol. 20% w/w KI
X N yN Mass of solute(KI) = 20 g
12. The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of an ionic Mass of solvent = 100 – 20 = 80 g
compound XY in water is four times that of a solution of Molar mass of KI = 38 + 128 = 166
0.01 M BaCl 2 in water. Assuming complete dissocia
tion of the given ionic compounds in water, the concen gm(solute) 20 1000
Molality    1.506  1.51
1
tration of XY (in mol L ) in solution is mw  Kg(solvent) 166  80
(a) 4 104 (b) 6  102
15. At room temperature, a dilute solution of urea is
(c) 16 104 (d) 4 102
prepared by dissolving 0.60 g of urea in 360 g of
(2019-04-09/Shift-1) water. If the vapour pressure of pure water at this
Ans. (b) temperature is 35 mmHg, Calculate the lowering of
Sol. xy  4BaCl2 vapour pressure will be in mm of Hg. (molar mass of
urea= 60 g mol-1) (2019-04-10/Shift-1)
XY  X  Y (a) 0.027 mmHg (b) 0.031 mmHg
i2 (c) 0.028 mmHg (d) 0.017 mmHg
Ans. (d)
BaCl2  Ba 2  2Cl  Sol. Lowering of vapour pressure  p 0  p  p 0 .x solute
i3
Using   i  CRT 0.6 / 60 .01
 p  35   35 
0.6 360 .01  20
2  [XY]  4  3  0.01 
60 18
[XY]  0.06M
.01
 35   .017 mm Hg
20.01
13. Molal depression constant for a solvent is
16. 1 g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute is dissolved
4.0 K kg mol 1 The depression in the in 100 g of two different solvents A and B whose
freezing point of the solvent for ebullioscopic constants are in the ratio of 1: 5. The ratio
0.03mol kg 1 solution K 2SO 4 is: Tb  A 
(Assume complete dissociation of the electrolyte) of the elevation in their boiling points,  B , is:
b  
(2019-04-09/Shift-2)
(a) 0.12 K (b) 0.36 K (2019-04-10/Shift-2)
(c) 0.18 K (d) 0.24 K (a) 5: 1 (b) 10: 1
(c) 1: 5 (d) 1: 0.2
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Sol. K f  4K Kg mol 1 Sol. Tb  K b  m

i 3 Tb(A) K b(A)
  as mA  mB
Molality = 0.03 Tb(B) K b(B)
Tf  i K f m
Tb(A) 1
 3(4) (0.03)  
Tb(B) 5
Tf  0.36 K
17. The mole fraction of a solvent in aqueous solution of a
14. What would be the molality of 20% (mass/mass)
aqueous solution of KI? (molar mass of solute is 0.8.The molality (in mol kg 1 ) of the aqueous
solution is
KI  166g mol 1 ) (2019-04-09/Shift-2)
(2019-04-12/Shift-1)
(a) 1.08 (b)1.48 
(c)1.51 (d) 1.35 (a) 13.88  10 2 (b) 13.88  101
 SOLUTIONS 19

(c) 13.88 (d) 13.88  103 x  64gm

Ans. (c)
21. Liquids A and B form and ideal solution in the entire
Sol. Xsolvent  0.8  8 / 10 composition range. At 350 K, the vapour pressures of
n Total  10, n solutent  8, n solute  2 pure A and pure B are 7  103 Pa and 12  103 Pa ,
Wt of solvent = 8  18 respectively. The composition of the vapour in
2  1000 equilibrium with a solution containing 40 mole percent
Molality  of A at this temperature is
8  18
(2019-01-10/Shift-1)
Molality =13.88 mol/kg (a) x A  0.37; x B  0.63 (b) x A  0.28; x B  0.72

18. A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.6g of urea (c) x A  0.4; x B  0.6 (d) x A  0.76; x B  0.24
(molar mass = 60 g mo1-1) and 1.8 g of glucose (molar Ans. (b)
mass = 180 g mo1-1) in 100 mL, of water at 27°C. The Sol. PA   A PA0  YA PT
osmotic pressure of the (R = 0.08206 L atm K-1 moI-1)
solution is: (2019-04-12/Shift-2) PT   A PA0   B PB0  0.4  7  103  0.6  12  103  10 4
(a) 8.2 atm (b) 1.64 atm 0.4  7  103  YA  10 4
(c) 4.92 atm (d) 2.46 atm
Ans. (c) YA  0.28

 6 18  YB  1  0.28  0.75
Sol.   CRT      .0821 300
 60 180 
22. The freezing point of diluted milk sample is found to be
 0.2  .082  300  4.926
0.2C , while it should have been 0.5C for pure milk.
19. Which one of the following statements regarding How much water been added to pure milk to make the
Henry’s law is not correct? (2019-01-09/Shift-1) diluted sample? (2019-01-11/Shift-1)
(a) Higher the value of KH at a given pressure, higher is (A) 1 cup of water to 2 cups of pure milk
the solubility of the gas in liquids. (B) 3 cups of water to 2 cups of pure milk
(b) Different gases have different KH (Henry’s law (C) 1 cup of water to 3 cups of pure milk
constant) values at the same temperature. (D) 2 cups of water to 3 cups of pure milk
(c) The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is
proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the Ans. (b)
solution. Sol. Given
(d) The value of KH increases with increase of
temperature and KH is function of the nature of the gas. Tf = 0.5o C ...(i)  for milk
Ans. (a) Tf = 0.2o C ...(ii)  for diluted milk
Sol. Gases having higher K H value are less soluble. Tf  K f  m
 T 
f 1 0.5 K f m x  mole   weight(2)
20. A solution containing 62 g ethylene glycol in 250   
g water is cooled to –10°C. If Kf for water is 1.86  T 
f 2
0.2 K f m weight(1)  (x mole)
K kg mol-1, the amount of water (in g) separated 5
W2  W1
as ice is: (2019-01-09/Shift-2) 2
(a) 48 (b) 32
(c) 64 (d) 16
Ans. (c) 23. K2HgI4 is 40% ionised in aqueous solution.
Sol. Let moles of H 2 O separated as ice = x gm The value of its van’t Hoff factor (i) is:
(2019-01-11/Shift-2)
Tf  iK f m (a) 1.6 (b) 1.8
(c) 2.0 (d) 2.2
62 Ans. (b)
10  1 1.86 62 Sol. i  1   n  1 
250  x
1000
 20 SOLUTIONS
fraction of NaOH in solution and molality (in mol
 2K    HgI 4 
K 2  HgI 4  
2

1
2

kg- 1) of the solution respectively are:
(2019-01-12/Shift-2)
Total number of particle  1  2
(a) 0.2, 22.20 (b) 0.2, 11.11
1  2 (c) 0.167, 11.11 (d) 0.167, 22.20
Hence, Van’t Hoff factor  Ans. (c)
1
1  2  0.4 8
  1  0.8  1.8 Sol. Moles of NaOH   0.2
1 40
18
24. Freezing point of a 4% aqueous solution of X Moles of H 2 O  1
18
is equal to freezing point of 12% aqueous
solution of Y. If molecular weight of X is A, 0.2
then molecular weight of Y is: Mole fraction of NaOH   0.167
1.2
(2019-01-12/Shift-1)
(a) 3A (b) 2A 8 1000
Molality    11.11
(c) A (d) 4A 40 18
Ans. (a) 27. Elevation in the boiling point for 1 molal solution
Sol.  Tf X   Tf Y of glucose is 2 K. The depression in the freezing
point for 2 molal solution of glucose in the same
k f mX  k t mY solvent is 2 K. The relation between Kb and Kf
is: (2019-01-10/Shift-2)
4 1000 12 1000
 (a) K b  1.5K f (b) K b  K f
A  96 M  88
M  3.27 A  3A (c) K b  0.5 K f (d) K b  2 K f
Ans. (d)
25. Molecules of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dimerise in
Sol. Tb  K b m
benzene. ‘w’ g of the acid dissolved in 30 g of
benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to Tb  K b  1  2  K b
2 K. If the percentage association of the acid to form
Tf  K f m
dimer in the solution is 80, then w is:(Given
that Kf = 5 K kg mol-1, Molar mass of benzoic 2  2K f  K f
acid = 122 g mol-1). (2019-01-12/Shift-2)
(a) 2.4g (b) 1.0g Kf 1

(c) 1.5g (d) 1.8g Kb 2
Ans. (a)
Sol. 2 A  A2 28. The amount of sugar (C12H22O11) required to
prepare 2 L of its 0.1 M aqueous solution is:

1 (2019-01-10/Shift-2)
2 (a) 136.8 g (b) 17.1 g
0.8 (c) 68.4 g (d) 34.2 g
1  0.8 Ans. (c)
2
n(solute)
0.8 Sol. Molarity 
i  1  0.8   0.6 V(solution)in Lt.
2
n C12 H22 O11
0.1 
x 1000 2
Tf  Kf  i  m  5  0.6    2  Since Tf  2
122 30 n C12 H22O11  0.2
 x  2.44 g
Wt C12 H22 O11  0.2  342  68.4
26. 8 g of NaOH is dissolved in 18 g of H2O. Mole
29. The size of a raw mango shrinks to a much
 SOLUTIONS 21

smaller size when kept in a concentrated salt

1800
solution. Which one of the following process 
can explain this ? (2020-09-02/Shift-2) 18  16.2
(a) Diffusion (b) Osmosis 1800
(c) Reverse osmosis (d) Dialysis  %
34.2
Ans. (b)
Sol. Theoritical Osmosis  52.63%
= 53%
30. Henry’s constant (in kbar) for four gases
mass % H 2 O = 47%
, ,  and  in water at 298 K is given
below : 32. The strengths of 5.6 volume hydrogen peroxide (of
density 1 g/mL) in terms of mass percentage and
molarity (M), respectively, are:
(Take molar mass of hydrogen peroxide as 34 g/
mol). (2020-09-03/Shift-2)
(density of water = 103 kg m–3 at 298 K) (a) 0.85 and 0.5 (b) 0.85 and 0.25
This table implies that : (2020-09-03/Shift-1) (c) 1.7 and 0.25 (d) 1.7 and 0.5
(a) solubility of  at 308 K is lower than at 298 K. Ans. (d)
(b) The pressure of a 55.5 molal solution of  is 250 Sol. Volume strength = 5.6 V
bar. 5.6
molarity   0.5 mol / l
(c)  has the highest solubility in water at a given 11.2
pressure.
 0.5  34  1
(d) The pressure of a 55.5 molal solution of  mass %     1g / ml
 10 
is 1 bar.
Ans. (a) = 1.7 %
Ans. 1.7 & 0.5 option (d)
Sol. p  K H X mol fraction of gas in liquid.
On increasing temp, 'K 'H increases
33. If 250 cm3 of an aqueous solution containing 0.73 g of
Hence solubility decrease
a protein A is isotonic with one litre of another
therefore, option (a) correct.
aqueous solution containing 1.65 g of a protein B, at
(b) P  K H x  298 K, the ratio of the molecular masses of A and B is
……… × 10–2 (to the nearest integer).
55.5 (2020-09-03/Shift-2)
P  0.5   249 bar
1000 Ans. (177.00)
55.5 
18 Sol. Isotonic solution are solution having same osmotic
(d) P  K H X  pressure
iC1 RT = iC2RT (For protein i = 1)
55.5 C1 = C2
P  2  10  5   10  2 bar
1000 0.73 1000 1.65
55.5   
18 M A 250 M B
31. The mole fraction of glucose (C6H12O6 ) in M A 73  4
an aqueous binary solution is 0.1. The mass   1.77
MB 1.65
percentage of water in it, to the nearest integer,
is ………. . (2020-09-03/Shift-1)  177  10 2
Ans. (047.00)
Sol. X Glucose  0.1 34. At 300 K, the vapour pressure of a solution
containing 1 mole of n-hexane and 3 moles of
0.1  180 n-heptane is 550 mm of Hg. At the same temperature, if
mass % of glucose  0.1  180  0.9 18 100 one more mole of n-heptane is added to this solution,
the vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10
 22 SOLUTIONS
mm of Hg. What is the vapour pressure in mm Hg of n1
n-heptane in its pure state _____? 1 x2 
n1  n 2
(2020-09-04/Shift-1)
Ans. (600.00) n2
C2   1000
vol.of solution
1 3
Sol. 550 = × pc06H14 + × pc07 H16 d  n 2 1000
4 4 C2 
n1M1  n 2 M 2
1 4
560 = × pc06 H14 + × pc07 H16 mass of solution
5 5 since vol 
density of solution
pc07 H16 = [560 × 5 - 550 × 4] n2
d 1000
= 550 + 50 = 600 mm of Hg n1  n 2
C2 
n1 n2
M1  M2
35. The osmotic pressure of a solution of NaCl is n1  n 2 n1  n 2
0.10 atm and that of a glucose solution is 0.20
atm. The osmotic pressure of a solution formed
by mixing 1 L of the sodium chloride solution
with 2 L of the glucose solution is x  10–3 atm.
x is _______. (nearest integer) Dividing the above equation by n1 + n2
(2020-09-04/Shift-2) d  x 2  1000 1000dx 2
Ans. (167.00)  
(1  x 2 )M1  x 2 M 2  M1  x 2 (M 2  M1 )
0.1 1  0.2  2
Sol.
3 37. The elevation of boiling point of 0.10 m
0.5 500 aqueous CrCl3xNH3 solution is two times that
   10 3  167 of 0.05 m aqueous CaCl2 solution. The value
3 3
of x is …………….. .
[Assume 100% ionisation of the complex and
36. A solution of two components containing n 1 CaCl2, coordination number of Cr as 6, and that
moles of the 1st component and n2 moles of the all NH3 molecules are present inside the
2nd component is prepared. M1 and M2 are the coordination sphere] (2020-09-06/Shift-1)
molecular weights of component 1 and 2 Ans. 5
respectively. If d is the density of the solution
in g mL-1, C2 is the molarity and x2 is the mole Sol. Tb  i  K b  m
fraction of the 2nd component, then C2 can be i  0.1 K b  3  0.05  K b  2
expressed as : (2020-09-06/Shift-1)
i3
dx1 2
(a) C2  M  x  M  M  Cr  NH 3 5 .Cl  Cl2  Cr  NH 3 5 Cl   2Cl 
2 2 2 1

x5
1000x2
(b) C2  M  x M  M
1 2  2 1 38. A set of solution is prepared using 180g of water as a
solvent and 10g of different non-volatile solutes A, B
dx2 and C. The relative lowering of vapour pressure in the
(c) C2  M  x  M  M 
2 2 2 1 presence of these solutes are in the order [Given,
molar mass of A = 100g mol-1 ; B =200g mol-1 ; C =
1000dx2 10,000g mol-1] (2020-09-06/Shift-2)
(d) C2  M  x M  M
1 2  2 1 (a) A > C > B (b) B > C > A
Ans. (d) (c) C > B > A (d) A > B > C
Ans. (d)
n2
Sol. x2  0.1 1
n1  n 2 Sol. RLVPA  
10.1 101
0.05 1
RLVPB  
10.05 201
 SOLUTIONS 23

condensation will occur so as to negate the increased

103
RLVPC   104 vapour pressure from beaker I, which results in an
10 increase in its volume.
A B C On the contrary, since particles are condensing
from the vapour phase in beaker II, the vapour pressure
39. At 35oC, the vapour pressure of CS2 is 512 mm Hg and will decrease. Since beaker I at equilibrium attains a
that of acetone is 344 mm Hg. A solution of CS2 in higher vapour pressure evaporation will be favoured
acetone has a total vapour pressure of 600 mm Hg. The more so as to compensate for the decreased vapour
false statement amongst the following is : pressure, as mentioned in the previous statement.
(a) CS2 and acetone are less attracted to each other than 41. A graph of vapour pressure and temperature for three
to themselves different liquids X, Y and Z is shown below:
(b) heat must be absorbed in order to produce the
solution at 35oC
(c) Raoult’s law is not obeyed by this system
(d) a mixture of 100 mL CS2 and 100 mL acetone has a
volume < 200 mL (2020-01-07/Shift-1)
Ans : (d)
Sol : Ptotal  PT  p A o X A  pB o X B
The maximum value XA can hold is 1, and hence the
maximum value of PT should come out to be 512 mm of
Hg, which is less than the value of PT observed (600 mm
of Hg). Therefore, positive deviation from Raoult’s law
that is observed. This implies that A-A interactions and
B-B interactions are stronger than A-B interactions. As
we know, for a system not obeying Raoult’s law and
showing positive deviation,  Vmi x  0, H mix  0 .
40. Two open beakers one containing a solvent and the
other containing a mixture of that solvent with a non- The following inferences are made:
volatile solute are together sealed in a container. Over (A) X has higher intermolecular interactions compared
time: (2020-01-07/Shift-2) toY
(a) the volume of the solution and the solvent does not (B) X has lower intermolecular interactions compared
change toY
(b) the volume of the solution increases and the volume (C) Z has lower intermolecular interactions compared
of the solvent decreases toY
(c) the volume of the solution decreases and the volume The correct inference(s)is/are: (2020-01-08/Shift-1)
of the solvent increases (a) C (b) A
(d) the volume of the solution does not change and the (c) B (d) A and C
volume of the solvent decreases Ans : (c)
Ans : (b) Sol : As shown in the plot below, for the same T, the
Sol : Consider beaker I contains the solvent and vapour pressure of X is the highest and of Z is the
beaker 2 contains the solution. Let the vapour pressure lowest. Now, that means with the same average K.E. of
of the beaker I be Po and the vapour pressure of beaker X, Y and Z molecules, the X molecules are able to
II be Ps . According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure compensate their respective intermolecular forces
of the solvent (Po) is greater than the vapour pressure better. So, X molecules have the highest vapour
of the solution (Ps) pressure. Which implies that the intermolecular forces
(Po> Ps) in X are the weakest among the three. The opposite
Due to a higher vapour pressure, the solvent could be said for Z as well.
flows into the solution. So volume of beaker II would
increase.
In a closed beaker, both the liquids on attaining
equilibrium with the vapour phase will end up having
the same vapour pressure. Beaker II attains equilibrium
at a lower vapour pressure and so in its case,
 24 SOLUTIONS

10.3  10 3 g
Thus, ppm =  10 6
1030 g
ppm = 10
45. 4.5g of compund A (MW = 90) was used to make 250
mL of its aqueous solution. The molarity of the
solution in M is X 101 . The value of x is _______.
(Rounded off to the nearest integer)
(2021-02-024/Shfit - 1)
Ans. 2.00
42. The molarity of HNO3 in a sample which has density 1.4 Weight
Sol. Moles of A 
g/mL and mass percentage of 63% is————— M .w
(Molecular weight of HNO3= 63).
(2020-01-09/Shift-1) 4.5 1
   0.05
Ans : 14.00 90 20
w 250
Sol : %  63% Volume (Lit)    0.250 lit lit
w 1000

  1.4 g / mL Weight
Moles of A 
M .w
 w 
 %    10  4.5 1
w
M      0.05
MM 90 20
 63  1.4 10  250
M   14 mol/L
63 Volume (lit)    0.250 lit lit
1000
43. How much amount of NaCl should be added to 600 g of
Mole 0.05
water (ñ=1.00 g/mL) to decrease the freezing point of Molarity  M    Lit  volume  0.250  0.2
water to -0.2°C?
(The freezing point depression constant for water = 2 K
mol
Kg mol–1) (2020-01-09/Shift-1)  2 101
Ans : 1.76 Lit
Sol : NaCl is strong electrolyte and gives 2 ions in the solution. x= 2
This implies, i=2. Mole 0.05
Molarity  M   Lit volume  0.250  0.2
w  1000  
Molarity 
58.5  600
mol
T f  0.2C  2  101 2
Lit
T f  i  k f  m 46. When 9.45 g of ClCH2COOH is added to 500 mL of
On solving we get, water, its freezing point drops by 0.5oC. The
w= 1.76 grams dissociation constant of ClCH2COOH is x  103 . The
3
44. One litre of sea water (d =1.03g/cm ) contains 10.3 mg of O2 value of x is_____.
gas. Determine the concentration of O2 in ppm: (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
(2020-01-09/Shift-2)
Ans : 10.00  K f H O  1.86 K kg mol 1 
  2  
wsolute (2021-02-24/Shift - 1)
Sol : Ppm   106
wsolution Ans. 36.00
Using the density of the solution and its volume (1L = Sol.
1000 mL = 1000 cm3), the weight of the solution can be
calculated.
Wsolution = 1.03  1000 = 1030 g
 SOLUTIONS 25

Ans. 375.00
Sol.
Tb  ikb m
i  1   n  1   1   5  1 0.6  3.4
Total no. of moles  c  c  c 1    Tb  3.4  0.52 1  1.768K  1.77 K
observed c 1    T 'b  373  1.77
i   1   
calculate c T 'b  374.77
T f  0.5C Ans. = 375
i  1 
9.45 49. If a compound AB dissociates to the extent of 75% in
0.5  1    1.86 
94.5 an aqueous solution, the molality of the solution
500 which shows a 25K rise in the boiling point of the
1000
solution is ______molal. (2021-02-25/Shift - 2)
mole
m Ans. 3.00
k.q  solvent 
Sol.
kt  1.86 k kg / mol
Tb  iKb m
2.5
1     i  1   n  1 
1.86
0.64 32  1   2  1 0.75
 
1.86 93  1.75
Ca 2 0.2 1024 Tb  iKb m
ka  
1   93  93  61 Tb  2.5 K
93 2.5  1.75 0.52 m
ka  0.0351  35.1103 m  2.74
So, Ans. is 3
47. C6 H 6 freezes at 5.5C . The temperature at
which a solution of 10g of C4 H10 in 200g of 50. 224 mL of SO2(g) at 298 K and 1 atm is passed through
100 mL of 0.1 M NaOH solution The non-volatile
C6 H 6 freeze is______ C. (The molal freezing
solute produced is dissolved in 36 g of water. the
poing depression constant of C6 H 6 , is 5.12 lowering of vapour pressure of solution (assuming the
C/m) (2021-02-24/Shift - 2)
Ans. 1.00
o

solution is dilute) PH 2O  24 mm of Hg is 
Sol. T f  k f  m x  102 mm of Hg, the value of x is ______. (integer
answer) (2021-02-26/Shift - 1)
 10 1000  Ans. 24.00
 5.12   
 58  200  Sol.
SO 2  NaOH  NaHSO3
 so ln  4.41
Tf  T f
9.2 10 
 so ln  4.41
5.5  T f  0.8 9.2

T f so ln  1.09C P  P 0 .X solute

48. 1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte A2 B3 is 1.6  18.4 

 24 
60%. The boiling point of the solution at 1 atm 2020
is______K. (Rounded-off to the nearest integer)  0.2376  23.76  10 2
[Given Kb for  H 2 O   0.52 K kg mol 1 ]  24 102
(2021-02-25/Shift - 1)
 26 SOLUTIONS
51. When 12.2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 100g of
water, the freezing point of solution was found to be Tb  iK b m
–0.93ºC(Kf(H2O) = 1.86 K mol–1). The number (n) of
i 1
benzoic acid molecules associated (assuming 100% 
association) is _______. (2021-02-26/Shift - 2) n 1
Ans. 2.00 i 1
0.1   AB  A 2  2B 
Sol.  3  1  2
Tf  ik f m i  1.2
12.2  1000  Tb  1.2  0.5  10  6
0.93  i 1.86  
 122 100   Tb  solution  106º C
i  0.5
There for benzoic acid associated as dimer.
n  C5 H5 COOH    C6 H5 COOH n 54. At 363K, the vapor pressure of A is 21 kPa and that of B
is 18 kPa. One mole and 2 moles of B are mixed. Assuming
1 
i  1    1     1 For 100% association that this solution is ideal, the vapor pressure the mixture
n  is ______ kPa. (Round off to the nearest integer).
 1   (2021-03-16/Shift - 2)
0.5  1    1 1 
 n   Ans. 19 kPa
So n = 2.

52. A 6.50 molal solution of KOH (aq.) has a density of Sol.

–3
1.89 g cm . The molarity of the solution is _____ 1 1 2
XA   ; XB 
–3
mol dm . (Round off to the nearest integer). 1 2 3 3
o o
[Atomic masses: K : 39.0 u; O : 16.0 u; H : 1.0 u] PA  21kPa; PB  18kPa
(2021-03-16/Shift - 1) Ptotal  PAo X A  PBo X B
Ans. 9 1 2
 21  18 
Sol. 3 3
 7  12
1000  M  19kPa
m
1000  d  M  Msolute 55. The oxygen dissolved in water exerts a partial pressure
1000  M of 20kPa in the vapour above water. The molar solubility
6.5  of oxygen in water is ________.
1890  M  56 (Round off to the nearnes integer).
12285  364M  1000M (Given: Henry’s law constant = KH = 8.0 × 104kPa for O2.
1364M  12285 Density of water with dissolved oxygen = 1.0 kg dm–3)
(2021-03-17/Shift - 1)
M9 Ans. 25.00
Sol.
53. AB2 is 10% dissociated in water to A2+ and B–. The Pg    K H  x
boiling point of a 10.0 molal aqueous solution of AB2 is
_____ºC. (Round off to the nearest integer). 20  103  8.0  10 4 103   Solubility
[Given: molal elevation constant of water Kb = 0.5 K kg
mol–1 boiling point of pure water 100ºC]. 20  103
Solubility   2.5 104
(2021-03-16/Shift - 1) 8.0 107
Ans. 106.00
Solubility = 25 × 10–5
Sol.

56. The mole fraction of a solute in a 100 molal aqueous

solution is ______ × 10–2.
(Round off to the nearest integer).
 SOLUTIONS 27

[Given: Atomic mass: H : 1.0u, O : 16.0u]

Tf sol  3.885º C
(2021-03-17/Shift - 1)
Tf  3.885  i  k f  m
Ans. 64.00
3.885  i  1.85  2
Sol. Let weight of H2O = 1000g
3.885
Moles of solute = 100 i  1  
1.85  2
1000 0.185
(mole) H2O    0.05  50  103
18 3.7

mole of solute
Mole fraction of solute  59. A solute a dimerizes in water. The boiling point of a 2
Total moles
molal solution of A is 100.52ºC. The percentage
100 1800 association of A is ________ . (Round off to the nearest
 
1000 2800 integer).
100 
18 [Use: Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol–1 boiling point of
Xsolute = 64 × 10–2 water = 100ºC].
(2021-03-18/Shift - 2)
Ans. 1
57. A 1 molal K4Fe(CN)6 solution has a degree of
Sol.
dissociation of 0.4. Its boiling point is equal to that of 2A  A 2
another solution which contains 18.1 weight percent of 1
N
a non electrolytic solute A. The molar mass of A is 2
______u. (Round off the nearest integer). M  2; Tb so ln.  100.52
Tb  0.52
[Density of water - 1.0 g cm–3]
 i  Kb  m
(2021-03-17/Shift - 2)
0.52  i  0.52  2
Ans. 85.00
1 1 
Sol. Since boiling point is same, i  1  1    1 
2 2 
 elevation in boiling point is also same for both  1
solution. 
2 2
 1
 TB k  FeCN     TB A
4 6
60. At 20ºC, the vapour pressure of benzene is 70 torr and
  ik b m  k   ik b m A that of methyl benzene is 20 torr. The mole fraction of
 Fe  CN 6 
4
benzene in the vapour phase at 20ºC above an equimolar
18.1 mixture of benzene and methyl benzene is ________
1
1000
×10–2. (Nearest integer)
1  4  1  M (2021-07-20/Shift - 1)
100  18.1
Ans. 78.00
18.1 1000 Sol. Let benzene be A and methyl benzene be B. Since the
 2.6  
M 81.9 mixture is equimolar, the mole fractions in the solution
 M  85 phase,
XA = XB = 0.5.
Now, for mole fractino in vapour phase,
58. 1 molal solution of a weak acid HA has a freezing point
of 3.885ºC. The degree of dissociation of this acid is
_______ × 10-3. (Round off to the Nearest integer).
[Given: Molal depression constant of water = 1.85 K kg
mol–1 Freezing point of pure water = 0ºC].
(2021-03-14/Shift - 1)
Ans. 50.00
Sol.
 28 SOLUTIONS

PA Po X
YA   o A Ao 64. In a solvent 50% of an acid HA dimerizes and the rest
PT PA X A  PB X B dissociates. The Van’t Hoff factor of the acid is _____ ×
70  0.5 35 10–2. (Round off to the nearest integer)
 YA    0.78 (2021-07-27/Shift - 2)
70  0.5  20  0.5 45 Ans. 125.00
Sol. Let there was one mole of HA initially.
61. The vapour pressures of A and B at 25ºC are 90 mm Hg (i) Dissociation of 0.5 mole HA will produce 0.5 moles of
and 15 mm Hg respectively. If A and B are mixed such H+ and 0.5 moles of A–.
that the mole fraction of A in the mixture is 0.6, then the
mole fraction of B in the vapour phase is x × 10–1. The 0.5
(ii) Dimerisation of 0.5 mole HA will produce moles
value of x is _____. (Nearest integer) 2
(2021-07-20/Shift - 2) of (HA)2
Ans. 1.00 Thus, the total moles of particles after dissociation +
Sol. Since XA + XB = 1  XB = 1 – 0.6 = 0.4 0.5
Now, association = 0.5 + 0.5 + = 1.25
2
Po X 15  0.4 Now,
YB  o B B o 
PA X A  PB X B 90  0.6  15  0.4
number of particles after dissociation + association
6 i
  0.1  10 1 number of particles before dissociation + association
54  6
1.25
62. CO2 gas is bubbled through water during a soft drink i  125  10 2
1
manufacturing process 298K. If CO2 exerts a partial
pressure of 0.835 bar, then x mmol of CO2 would dissolve 65. 1.46g of a biopolymer dissolved in a 100 mL water at 300
in 0.9 L of water. The value of x is ______. (Nearest K exerted an osmotic pressure of 2.42 × 10–3 bar. The
integer) molar mass of the biopolymer is _______ × 104g mol–1
(Henry’s law constant for CO2 at 298 K is 1.67 × 103 bar) (Round off to the nearest integer)
(2021-07-25/Shift - 1) [Use: R = 0.083 L bar mol–1 K–1]
Ans. 25.01 (2021-07-27/Shift - 2)
Sol. 0.9 L of water will weight 900g. Ans. 15.00
900 Sol.
Thus, moles of water   50
wRT
18 
Now, using Henry’s law p = KHX MV
 x  wRT 1.46  0.083  300
 0.835  1.67 103   M 
 x  50  V 2.42 103  0.1
 x   15.02  104 g mol 1
 0.0005   
 x  50 
66. Of the following four aqueous solutions, total number
 0.0005x  0.025  x
of those solutions whose freezing point is lower than
0.025 that of 0.10 m C2H5OH is ______. (Integer answer)
x  0.02501moles  25.01mmoles
0.9995 (i) 0.10 m Ba3(PO4)2
(ii) 0.10 m Na2SO4
63. When 3.00 g of a substance ‘X’ is dissolved in 100g of (iii) 0.10 m KCl
CCl4, it raises the boiling by 0.60K. The molar mass of (iv) 0.10 m Li3PO4 (2021-8-26/Shift -1)
the substance ‘X’ is ______ g mol–1. (Nearest integer). Ans. 4.00
[Given - Kb for CCl4 is 5.0 K kg mol–1] Sol. As 0.1 M C2H2OH is non-dissociative (i = 1) and rest all
(2021-07-25/Shift - 2) salt given are dissociating electrolytes so in each case i
Ans. 250.00 > 1.
Sol. Tb  K b m Tf  i  K f  m
So, each will have lower freezing point.
 Wt.  1000 
 5    67. An aqueous KCl solution of density 1.20 g mL–1 has a
 M.M  Mass of solvent  g   molality of 3.30 mol kg–1. the molarity of the solution in
3  1000 mol L–1 is _______ (nearest integer).
 5
M.M  100
150
0.6 
M.M
150
M.M   250g / mol
0.6
 SOLUTIONS 29
[Molar mass of KCl = 74.5] (2021-8-26/Shift -1)
Ans. 3.00  40 
  mol
Sol. 1000 g solvent has 3.3 moles of KCl Sol. Molality   180   10 
   mol
1000 g solvent  3.3 × 74.5g KCl  245.85 g KCl 0.2kg 9
Weight of solution = 1245.85g
10
1245.85  Tf  Tf  Tf '  1.865
Volume of solution  ml 9
1.2
10
3.3 1.2  Tf '  273.15  1.86 
So, molarity   1000  3.17 9
1245.85
 271.08K
68. 83g of ethylene glycol dissolved in 625 g of water. The
freezing point of the solution is ______ K. (Nearest 71. 1.22g of an organic acid is separately dissolved in 100g
integer) of benzene (Kb = 2.6 K kg mol–1) and 100g of acetone (Kb
[Use: molal freezing point depression constant of water = 1.7 K kg mol–1). The acid is known to dimerize in
= 1.86 K kg mol–1, Freezing point of water = 273 K, Atomic benzene but remain as a monomer is acetone. The boiling
masses; C - 12.0 u, O - 16.0 u, H - 1.0 u] point of the solution in acetone increases by 0.17ºC.
(2021-8-26/Shift - 2) The increse in boiling point of solution in benzene in ºC
Ans. 269.00 is x ×10–2. The value of x is _______. (Nearest interger)
Sol. [Atomic mass: C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0]
(2021-08-31/Shift - 2)
 Tf  k f  m Ans. 13×10–2
83 / 62 Sol. With benzene as solvent
  Tfo  Tf   1.86  Tb  iK b m
625 / 1000
1.86  83 1000 1 1.22 / M w
 273  Tf   3.984 Tb   2.6  ....  i 
62  625 2 100 / 1000
 273  Tf  3.984 With acetone as solvent
Tb  iK b m
 Tf  269.016K
1.22 / M w
0.17  1  1.7  ....  ii 
69. 1 kg of 0.75 molal aqueous solution of sucrose can be 100 / 1000
cooled up to –4ºC before freezing. The amount of ice (in Dividing - (1)/(2)
g) that will be separated out is ________. (Nearest 1.22 / M w
integer) 1
 2.6 
[Given: Kf(H2O) = 1.86 K kg mol–1] Tb 2 100 / 1000

(2021-08-27/Shift - 1) 0.17 1.22 / M w
Ans. 518.00 11.7 
100 / 1000
Sol. Let mass of water initially present = x gm
Mass of sucrose = (1000 – x) gm 0.26
Tb 
 1000  x  2
Moles of sucrose    Tb  13  10 2
 342 
 1000  x  72. Given below are two stateements:
  x 1000  x Statement I: A mixture of chloroform and aniline can be
342 
 0.75     separated by simple distillation.
 x  1000 342  0.75 Statement II: When separating aniline from a mixture of
 
 1000  aniline and water by steam distillation aniline boils below
its boiling point.
 256.6x  106  1000x In the light of the above statements, choose the most
 x  795.86gm appropriate answer from the options given below.
 moles of sucrose = 0.5969 (2021-02-26/Shift - 1)
New mass of H2O = a kg (a) Both statement I and statement II are true.
(b) Both statement I and statement II are false.
0.5969 (c) Statement I is false but statement II is true
4  1.86  a  0.2775kg
a (d) Statement I is true but statement II is false.
 ice separated = (795.86 – 277.5) = 518.3 gm Ans. (a)
Sol. Statement I: B.P. of chloroform - 331K
70. 40g of glucose (Molar mass = 180) is mixed with 200 mL B.P. of aniline = 457 K
of water. The freezing point of solution is ______ K. Thus can be separated of simple distillation.
(Nearest integer) Statement 2: Mixture of aniline and water seprated by
[Given: Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1; Density of water = 1.00 g simple distillation.
cm–3; Freezing point of water = 273.15 K]
(2021-08-27/Shift - 2)
Ans. 271.00
 30 SOLUTIONS

73. The water having more dissolved O2 is:

(2021-07-08/Shift - )
(a) Boiling water
(b) Water at 80ºC
(c) Polluted water
(d) Water at 4ºC
Ans. (d)
Sol. As the temperature increases, the solubility of gases in
the liquid decreases. Thus, water at 4ºC will have
maximum dissolved oxygen.
Polluted water has less oxygen concentration than
normal water as a large population of bacteria
decomposes organic matter present in water. They
consume oxygen dissolved in water.

74. Which one of the following 0.06 M aqueous solutions

has lowest freezing point?
(2021-07-22/Shfit - 2)
(a) Al2(SO4)3
(b) C6H12O6
(c) KI
(d) K2SO4
Ans. (a)
Sol. As the value of Tf increases, the freezing point of the
solution decreases. Since all the given solutions have
the same concentration, the one with maximum value of
Tf van’t Hoff factor for the solute will have minimum
freezing point. The values are-
Al 2  SO 4 3  5
C6 H12 O6  1
KI  2
K 2SO4  3
Thus, among given solutions, ap. solution of Al2(SO4)3
will have lowest freezing point.
75. Which one of the following 0.10 M aqueous solutions
will exhibit the largest freezing point depression?
(2021-08-31/Shift - 1)
(a) Hydrazine (b) Glucose
(c) Glycine (d) KHSO4
Ans. (d)
Sol. Since van’t Hoff factor is highest for KHSO4, therefore
colligative property ( Tf ) will be highest for KHSO4.