Online Polling System

Online Polling System Using Visual Cryptography
1.1 ABSTRACT
In corporate companies elections are conduction to elect President, Secretary
and other board members every interval of times, since the candidates are working
various part of the world it is difficult for them to vote and they need a web based
polling system with security measures This system provides them good solutions with
security using Visual Cryptography .Visual Cryptograph. Visual Cryptography is
used to encrypt written material (printed text, handwritten notes, pictures, etc) in a
perfectly secure way. The decoding is done by the human visual system directly. For a
set P of n participants, a secret image S is encoded into n shadow images called
shares, where each participant in P receives one share. To retrieve the image back all
the participants’ share to be place one over another.
Implementation of above tasks in remote voting system, the election office
mails a FIRST share to voter well in advance and the second share is send during the
polling time, voter has to get the password from these two share to poll his vote.
This system is very useful and safe for remote voting. This system is web
based application so that it can be accessed by any authorized person anywhere in the
world through internet.
Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 1

1.2 ORGANIZATION PROFILE
DHS Informatics Private Limited is a training division of multi-national IT
consulting and outsourcing firm Intersoft KK, which has head-quarters in Japan and
branch offices in the United States, Singapore, Taiwan and an offshore development
center in Bangalore, India. The company aims to give quality training on advanced IT
related subjects those from different fields.
DHS Informatics train people on various technologies and place them in On
the JOB Training (OJT) at Intersoft KK development division and get them job at
Intersoft KK and other IT companies. Also DHS Informatics conducts campus
training for college students at college premises itself and corporate training for
various corporate offices in and around Bangalore.
Apart from this, DHS Informatics occasionally conducting special offshore
training program for overseas students from various countries like Japan, Australia,
Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan etc. For Offshore training candidates, DHS Informatics
provides facilities like Accommodation, Travel, Cultural Knowledge, Entertainments
and Tours.
For overseas students those who are lacking in English language, DHS
Informatics provides coaching on English together with technical training through
bilingual trainers. For local students DHS Informatics provides coaching on Japanese
or Chinese/Mandarin according to their wish and places them in India or Japan,
Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan.

Some the other projects that DHS Informatics has undertaken are as follows:
I. Secret Hiding Techniques
II. Save Data Migration over Company Intranet
III. HAWKEYE (Trade Surveillance System)
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE POLLING SYSTEM
In corporate companies elections are conduction to elect President, Secretary
and other board members every interval of times, since the candidates are working
various part of the world it is difficult for them to vote and they need a web based
polling system with security measures. This system provides them good solutions
with security using Visual Cryptography. Visual Cryptography is used to encrypt
written material (printed text, handwritten notes, pictures, etc) in a perfectly secure
way.
The decoding is done by the human visual system directly. For a set P of n
participants, a secret image S is encoded into n shadow images called shares, where
each participant in P receives one share.
To retrieve the image back all the participants’ share to be place one over
another Implementation of above tasks in remote voting system, the election office
polling time, voter has to get the password from these two share to poll his vote. This
system is very useful and safe for remote voting. This system is web based application
so that it can be accessed by any authorized person anywhere in the world through
internet.

System Design & Implementation
Modules:
Admin Session
 Login module
 Voters Details
 Election Details
 Nominees Details
 Generate Secret Password
 Sending the First Share through Email using Visual Cryptography
Change Password
Voter Session
 Login Module
 Downloading Second Share
 Getting the Secret Word using Visual Cryptography
Election Selection and Polling.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 .NET Tools and Technologies:
.NET is a library, one that is just as extensive as the Windows API. We can
use it to call up all the same sorts of features that have traditionally been the role of
the Windows operating systems; displaying windows and dialog boxes, verifying
security credentials, calling on base operating systems services, creating threads and
so on, as well as newer areas such as accessing databases or connecting to the internet
or providing web services.
.NET provides the environment in which our program is run. When .NET
aware code is executed, it will be .NET that starts up your code, manage the running
threads, provides various background services, and in real senses is the immediate
environment seen by the code.
ADVANTAGES:
 Object Oriented Programming
 Good Design
 Language Independence
 Better support for dynamic web pages
 Efficient Data Access
 Code Sharing
 Improved Security

INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET:
ASP.NET is the latest version of Active Server Pages (ASP), Microsoft’s
server-side web technology for building dynamic, interactive, and database-driven
web sites.
ASP.NET is a unified web platform that provides all the services necessary for
to build enterprise-class applications. It hopes to do for the web what visual basic has
done for windows. ASP.NET expects to reduce and replace coding with components.
It is based on the .NET framework, which provides a platform independent of
programming languages and operating systems for developing and deploying web
applications.
This section provides an overview of the ASP.NET infrastructure and
subsystem relationships, as they relate to the subject of security. The following
illustration shows the relationships among the security systems in ASP.NET.
Fig 1.1: ASP .NET Architecture

As the illustration shows, all Web clients communicate with ASP.NET
applications through IIS. IIS deciphers and optionally authenticates the request. If
Allow Anonymous is turned on, no authentication occurs. IIS also finds the requested
resource (such as an ASP.NET application), and, if the client is authorized, returns the
appropriate resource.
Integrating with IIS:
This release of ASP.NET uses IIS 5.0 as the primary host environment. When
considering ASP.NET authentication, you should understand the interaction with IIS
authentication services. IIS always assumes that a set of credentials maps to a
Windows NT account and uses them to authenticate a user. There are three different
kinds of authentication available in IIS 5.0: basic, digest, and Integrated Windows
Authentication (NTLM or Kerberos). You can select the type of authentication to use
in the IIS administrative services.
ADVANTAGES:
 Support for programming languages
 Language-independence
 Support for separation of code and content
 Simplified development
 Client platform independence
 Web services
 Support for .NET framework
 Backward compatibility

ASP.NET ELEMENTS:
Web Forms:
Web forms give the developer the ability to drag and drop ASP.NET server
controls onto the form and easily program the events that are raised by the control.
User controls, mobile controls and other third-party controls can be added to extend
web forms.
Server Controls:
A server control is a control that is programmable by writing server-side code.
Server controls automatically maintain their state between calls to the server. Two
types of server controls; HTML and web server controls.
View State:
When a web form is rendered to the browser, a hidden HTML input tag is
dynamically created, called view state. This input contains base64-encoded data that
can be used by any object that inherits from system.
SCOPE OF THE CONTROLS OF ASP.NET:
WEBSERVER CONTROLS:
Label:
Label is used to display that the user cannot change.
Textbox:
It is used to assign a value to a text box or read a value that a user has entered
into it. Multiline property is assigned the value Multi Line, a text area is displayed.

Button control:
It renders the same form submit button as rendered by the normal HTML tag.
Image button:
It is used to display an image.
Radio button list:
It represents a group of mutually exclusive options. Each radio button can be
either checked or unchecked. No more than one radio button in a group can be
checked at the same time.
Dropdown list control:
It is similar to radio button list control. It can represent a set of mutually
exclusive options. Its options are displayed in a single-line pick list widget.
List box control:
It enables a user to select only one option at a time, or create a multiselect list
box.
Hyperlink control:
It can display either text or an image as a link.
VALIDATION CONTROLS:
Requiredfieldvalidator control:
It is used to check whether a control has a value. This control used in a textbox
control. Other input controls such as radiobuttonlist are also used this validator.
Regularexpressionvalidator control:
It is used to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression.
This control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address,
telephone number, or username or password.

Comparevalidator control:
It performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and
another value. The other value can be fixed value, such as a particular number, or a
value entered into another control.
Rangevalidator control:
It is used to check whether the value of a form field falls between a minimum
and maximum value. The minimum and maximum values can be dates, numbers,
currency amounts, or strings.
Validationsummary control:
It is used to summarize the control with the validation controls. This control to
summarize all the errors all the top of a page or wherever else we wish.
ADVANCED CONTROLS:
Panel control:
Instead of setting the visible property for controls one by one, we can use the
panel control to hide controls as a group.
AdRotator control:
It is used to display banner advertisements randomly. The advertisements with
this control that contains a list of the properties of banner advertisements to display.
Datagrid control:
It is used to display the records without using templates. We can simply bind a
data source to the data grid, and it automatically displays the records. We can create
columns to control how records are formatted or to display links for editing records.

ADO.NET:
It contains several namespaces with dozens of classes devoted to database
access. The System.Data.Sqlclient namespace includes the following three classes:
 SqlConnection
 SqlCommand
 SqlDataReader
SqlConnection:
This sqlconnection need to create and open a database connection. We create
the connection in different ways depending on the type of database that we want to
access.
SqlCommand:
It is used to create a database command that represents the SQL select
statement to execute.
SqlDataReader:
It represents a forward-only stream of database records. This means that the
data reader represents only a single record at a time. To fetch next record in the
stream we must call the read () method. To display all the records returned from a
query, we must call the read () method repeatedly until we reach the end of the
stream.
DATASET:
A dataset can contain one or more Data Tables that represent database tables.
Relationships between the tables can be defined using DataRelation classes.

DATAADAPTER:
It represents the bridge between a Dataset and the data source it represents.
We use a DataAdapter to populate a DataSet from an existing database table. We can
also use a DataAdapter to update and existing database table with changes made to a
DataSet.
Open:
Opens a specified database for the application.
2.2 Microsoft SQL Server 2000
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 extends the performance, reliability, quality, and
ease-of-use of Microsoft SQL Server version 7.0. Microsoft SQL Server 2000
includes several new features that make it an excellent database platform for large-
scale online transactional processing (OLTP), data warehousing, and e-commerce
applications.
The OLAP Services feature available in SQL Server version 7.0 is now called
SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services. The term OLAP Services has been replaced with
the term Analysis Services. Analysis Services also includes a new data-mining
component.

Features of SQL Server 2000
 Internet Integration
The SQL Server 2000 database engine includes integrated XML support. It
also has the scalability, availability, and security features required to operate as the
data storage component of the largest Web sites. The SQL Server 2000 programming
model is integrated with the Windows DNA architecture for developing Web
applications, and SQL Server 2000 supports features such as English Query and the
Microsoft Search Service to incorporate user-friendly queries and powerful search
capabilities in Web applications.
 Scalability and Availability
The same database engine can be used across platforms ranging from laptop
computers running Microsoft Windows® 98 through large, multiprocessor servers
running Microsoft Windows 2000 Data Center Edition. SQL Server 2000 Enterprise
Edition supports features such as federated servers, indexed views, and large memory
support that allow it to scale to the performance levels required by the largest Web
sites.
 Ease of installation, deployment, and use
SQL Server 2000 includes a set of administrative and development tools that
improve upon the process of installing, deploying, managing, and using SQL Server
across several sites. SQL Server 2000 also supports a standards-based programming
model integrated with the Windows DNA, making the use of SQL Server databases
and data warehouses a seamless part of building powerful and scalable systems. These
features allow you to rapidly deliver SQL Server applications that customers can
implement with a minimum of installation and administrative overhead.

Data warehousing.
SQL Server 2000 includes tools for extracting and analyzing summary data for
online analytical processing. SQL Server also includes tools for visually designing
databases and analyzing data using English-based questions.
Views:
Views are defined using a SELECT statement and are analogous to an object
that contains the result set of this statement.

3. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUERIMENTS
3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The selection of hardware is very important for the proper working of the
proposed system. The technologies that we will be using for developing our project
depend on the hardware configuration. When selecting hardware, the size and
capacity requirement are also important.
Processor : Pentium III / IV
Hard Disk : 40 GB
Ram : 512 MB
Monitor : 15VGA Color
Mouse : Ball / Optical
Keyboard : 102 Keys
3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Once the system requirements are finalized then we have to determine
whether a particular software package fits system requirements or not. This section
summarizes the software requirement.
NET Technologies : Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
Operating System : Windows XP professional
Front End : Asp.net with C#, Framework 2.0
Back End : SQL Server 2000
Client side Validations : C#

4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) is the starting step for
development activities. It is the medium through which the client and user needs are
accurately specified by producing the requirement specification document, which
describes the external behavior of the proposed software.
This allows the developer to understand the systems functions to be carried
out and performance levels to be obtained and corresponding interface to be
established. The SRS (Software Requirement Specification) plays a vital role in
designing a project. SRS means the requirements need for project designing and
developing. The entire information, which is needed for the project is specified in it.
The basic purpose of software requirement specification is to bridge the
communication gap between the client, the user and the developers. SRS goes as
input to the designing phase of the project, because to design a project, first we have
to know the detailed structure of the project, that is nothing but SRS, which tells
about the project or task, then proceed to designing phase.
The SRS provides means for translating the ideas in the minds of the clients,
into formal documents.

Characteristics of a good SRS
A good SRS is [IEEE87, IEEE94]:
 Correct
 Complete
 Unambiguous
 Verifiable
 Consistent
 Stability
 Modifiable
 Traceable
 Components of a SRS:
The basic issues an SRS must address are:
o Functionality
o Performance
o Design constraints imposed on an implementation
o External interfaces
The Software Requirement Specification (SRS) is a document that completely
describes what the proposed software should do without describing how the software
will do it. The developers are responsible for asking clarification, where ever
necessary, and will not make changes without the permission of the client.
A software requirement specification provides a reference for validation of
the final product. It establishes the basic agreement between the client and the
developer, what the software product will do. This is the requirement specification

document for Enhanced License Key Generator for software Protection that will be
developed.
There are some standards that we follow to make requirements documents.
Software Requirement System
4.1 Purpose
A new and novel way of Advertisement on Internet which will benefit both the
advertisement company and web site owner. Here the concept is WIN – WIN
method, that is both the parties are mutually benefited.
Advertisement is cost oriented work and some time very costlier
advertisement also doesn’t work out. Now-a-days placing the advertisement in web
site becomes popular and getting more response than any other advertisement which
is practicing in earlier.
4.2 Scope of the project:
• Implementation of above tasks in remote voting system, the election office
mails a FIRST share to voter well in advance and the second share is send
during the polling time,
• Voter has to get the password from these two share to poll his vote.
• This system provides them good solutions with security using Visual
cryptography
• Visual Cryptography is used to encrypt written material (printed text,
handwritten notes, pictures, etc) in a perfectly secure way.

4.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing. The
process followed in making this determination is called feasibility Study. This type of
study if a project can and should be taken. In the conduct of the feasibility study, the
analyst will usually consider seven distinct, but inter-related types of feasibility.
Technical Feasibility
This is considered with specifying equipment and software that will successful satisfy
the user requirement the technical needs of the system may vary considerably but
might include
 The facility to produce outputs in a given time.
 Response time under certain conditions.
 Ability to process a certain column of transaction at a particular speed.
Economic Feasibility
Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the
effectiveness of a proposed system. More commonly known as cost / benefit analysis.
The procedure is to determine the benefits and savings are expected form a proposed
system and a compare them with costs. It benefits outweigh costs; a decision is taken
to design and implement the system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of
being approved. There is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy at each phase of
the system life cycle.

Operational Feasibility
It is mainly related to human organization and political aspects. These points
are considered are
 What changes will be brought with the system?
 What organizational structures are distributed?
 What new skills will be required?
 Do the existing system staff members have these skills?
 If not, can they be trained in the course of time?
4.4 Cost Benefit Analysis
The objectives of this project are:
 To develop an application that enables the user to create his own webpage,
customize it according to his needs.
 Each user will be provided a unique user id and password which he can use to
edit and update his page.
 User can use his web page to advertise his own products and also place links for
other advertisements. Revenue can be earned by linking it with Google Ad
Sense.
Benefits of the project
 Allow the users to receive orders and sell his products.
 The user can advertise his products on his web page.
 Enable user to create and maintain his web page.

5. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction to System Analysis
System
A system is an orderly group of interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific objective. Its main characteristics are
organization, interaction, interdependence, integration and a central objective.
System Analysis
System analysis and design are the application of the system approach to
problem solving generally using computers. To reconstruct a system the analyst must
consider its elements output and inputs, processors, controls, feedback and
environment.
Analysis
Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system
and their relationships within and outside of the system. One aspect of analysis is
defining the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not a candidate
system should consider other related systems. During analysis data are collected on
the available files decision points and transactions handled by the present system.
This involves gathering information and using structured tools for analysis.

5.2 Existing System
The above papers shows the use of visual cryptography schemes from the
basic method where cheating can be possible. Visual cryptography is only one such
technique, but it may be expanded further, as well as combined with other techniques
to produce new approach.
Although visual cryptography has some disadvantages with regards to
authentication, so some times steganography techniques can be followed for
designing more secure and better approach.
Demerits:
• Existing system is time consuming and votes has to be in voting booth in
presence and it is not feasible when the voters are in other city or in other
country.
• Although visual cryptography has some disadvantages with regards to
authentication, so some times steganography techniques can be followed for
designing more secure and better approach.
5.3 Proposed System
To overcome the above methodologies and schemes, the proposed system tries
to overcome all the drawbacks. The proposed method concentrates on:
Tasks1:
Implementing the Visual Cryptography

Task 2:
Detection of threads in visual cryptography based on steganograph hiding digital
signature on secret images.
Task 3:
Implementation of above tasks in remote voting system, the election office mails a
FIRST share to voter well in advance and the second share is send during the polling
time, voter has to get the password from these two share to poll his vote.
MERITS:
• Proposed online voting system is very effective and it will useful for voters
and organization in many ways and it will reduce the cost and time.
• as to get the password from these two share to poll his vote

6. SYSTEM DESIGN
6.1 Data Flow Diagram
Data Flow Diagram: Level 0

Data Flow Diagram : Level-1



6.2 Entity-Relationship Diagram

6.3 Use Case Diagram
USECASE DIAGRAM FOR ADMIN SESSION:
Login
Election
Details
Nominees
Voter Password
Image
Voter
Admin
Select
Set Pass image
Mail
VC
System

USECASE DIAGRAM FOR VOTER SESSION:
FTP
Download Share2
Login
Select Election
Voter
Polling
Counting
LogOut Increment

6.4 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
Admin Voter Image Visual Cryptography Mail System

DB
Request
Status
Image
Share1
Share2
Change
Password
Confirmation

7.DATABASE DESIGN TABLE
Appendix-1: List Of Tables
Data Base Design For Admin Module:
Characteristic
Auto
Table Name: M_Admin Datatype NULL
Constraint Inc.
(Width) (Y/N)
(Y/N)
Primary
Admin_No Int N Y
Key
Column Name
Admin_Id Char(20) N unique N

Admin_pwd char(15) N N
Admin_name varchar(50) N N
Characteristic
Auto
Table Name: M_User Datatype NULL
Constraint Inc.
(Width) (Y/N)
(Y/N)
Primary
User_code int(10) N Y
Key
User_id char(15) N N
User_pwd char(50) N N
User_name char(50) N N
User_Designation char(100) N N
User_Emp_ID char(30) N N
User_EmailID char(100) N
User_email varchar(50) N N
User_sex char(20) N
User_Mobile char(50) N N
Column Name
User_PWDShare1 char(100) N N
User_PWDShare2 char(100) N N
User_Status Int N N

Data Base Design For Election Details Module:
Data Base Design For Nominees Details Module:

Data Base Design For Voter Details Module:
Data Base Design For Generate Secret PassWord Module:

Logical Design
Design for WebApps encompasses technical and non-technical activities. The
look and feel of content is developed as part of graphic design; the aesthetic layout of
the user interface is created as part of interface design; and the technical structure of
the WebApp is modeled as part of architectural and navigational design.
This argues that a Web engineer must design an interface so that it answers three
primary questions for the end-user:
1. Where am I? – The interface should (1) provide an indication of the
WebApp has been accessed and (2) inform the user of her location in the content.
2. What can I do now? – The interface should always help the user
understand his current options- what functions are available, what links are live,
what content is relevant.
3. Where have I been; where am I going? – The interface must facilitate
navigation. Hence it must provide a “map” of where the user has been and what
paths may be taken to move elsewhere in the WebApp.
Design goals – the following are the design goals that are applicable to virtually every
WebApp regardless of application domain, size, or complexity.
1. Simplicity
2. Consistency
3. Identity
4. Visual appeal
5. Compatibility.

Design leads to a model that contains the appropriate mix of aesthetics,
content, and technology. The mix will vary depending upon the nature of the
WebApp, and as a consequence the design activities that are emphasized will also
vary.
The activities of the Design process:
1. Interface design-describes the structure and organization of the user interface.
Includes a representation of screen layout, a definition of the modes of interaction,
and a description of navigation mechanisms. Interface Control mechanisms- to
implement navigation options, the designer selects form one of a number of
interaction mechanism;
a. Navigation menus
b. Graphic icons
c. Graphic images
Interface Design work flow- the work flow begins with the identification of user,
task, and environmental requirements. Once user tasks have been identified, user
scenarios are created and analyzed to define a set of interface objects and actions.
2. Aesthetic design-also called graphic design, describes the “look and feel” of the
WebApp. Includes color schemes, geometric layout. Text size, font and
placement, the use of graphics, and related aesthetic decisions.
3. Content design-defines the layout, structure, and outline for all content that is
presented as part of the WebApp. Establishes the relationships between content
objects.

a. Content architecture, focuses on the manner in which content objects and
structured for presentation and navigation.
b. WebApp architecture, addresses the manner in which the application is
structure to manage user interaction, handle internal processing tasks, effect
navigation, and present content. WebApp architecture is defined within the
context of the development environment in which the application is to be
implemented.

TESTING
Definition
Unit testing is a development procedure where programmers create tests as they
develop software. The tests are simple short tests that test functionally of a particular
unit or module of their code, such as a class or function.
Using open source libraries like cunit, oppunit and nun it (for C, C++ and C#) these
tests can be automatically run and any problems found quickly. As the tests are
developed in parallel with the source unit test demonstrates its correctness.
Validation and System Testing
Validation testing is a concern which overlaps with integration testing. Ensuring that
the application fulfils its specification is a major criterion for the construction of an
integration test. Validation testing also overlaps to a large extent with System Testing,
where the application is tested with respect to its typical working environment.
Consequently for many processes no clear division between validation and system
testing can be made. Specific tests which can be performed in either or both stages
include the following.
 Regression Testing: Where this version of the software is tested with the
automated test harness used with previous versions to ensure that the required
features of the previous version are skill working in the new version.
 Recovery Testing: Where the software is deliberately interrupted in a number
of ways off, to ensure that the appropriate techniques for restoring any lost
data will function.
 Security Testing: Where unauthorized attempts to operate the software, or
parts of it, attempted it might also include attempts to obtain access the data,
or harm the software installation or even the system software. As with all

types of security determined will be able to obtain unauthorized access and the
best that can be achieved is to make this process as difficult as possible.
 Stress Testing: Where abnormal demands are made upon the software by
increasing the rate at which it is asked to accept, or the rate t which it is asked
to produce information. More complex tests may attempt to crate very large
data sets or cause the soft wares to make excessive demands on the operating
system.
 Performance testing: Where the performance requirements, if any, are
checked. These may include the size of the software when installed, type
amount of main memory and/or secondary storage it requires and the demands
made of the operating when running with normal limits or the response time.
 Usability Testing: The process of usability measurement was introduced in
the previous chapter. Even if usability prototypes have been tested whilst the
application was constructed, a validation test of the finished product will
always be required.
 Alpha and beta testing: This is where the software is released to the actual
end users. An initial release, the alpha release, might be made to selected users
who be expected to report bugs and other detailed observations back to the
production team. Once the application changes necessitated by the alpha phase
can be made to larger more representative set users, before the final release is
made to all users.
The final process should be a Software audit where the complete software
project is checked to ensure that it meets production management
requirements. This ensures that all required documentation has been produced,
is in the correct format and is of acceptable quality. The purpose of this review

is: firstly to assure the quality of the production process and by implication
construction phase commences. A formal hand over from the development
team at the end of the audit will mark the transition between the two phases.
 Integration Testing:
Integration Testing can proceed in a number of different ways, which can be
broadly characterized as top down or bottom up. In top down integration
testing the high level control routines are tested first, possibly with the middle
level control structures present only as stubs. Subprogram stubs were
presented in section2 as incomplete subprograms which are only present to
allow the higher. Level control routines to be tested.
Top down testing can proceed in a depth-first or a breadth-first manner. For
depth-first integration each module is tested in increasing detail, replacing
more and more levels of detail with actual code rather than stubs.
Alternatively breadth-first would processed by refining all the modules at the
same level of control throughout the application .in practice a combination of
the two techniques would be used. At the initial stages all the modules might
be only partly functional, possibly being implemented only to deal with non-
erroneous data. These would be tested in breadth-first manner, but over a
period of time each would be replaced with successive refinements which
were closer to the full functionality. This allows depth-first testing of a module
to be performed simultaneously with breadth-first testing of all the modules.
 Unit Testing:
Unit testing deals with testing a unit as a whole. This would test the
interaction of many functions but confine the test within one unit. The exact
scope of a unit is left to interpretation. Supporting test code, sometimes called

Scaffolding, may be necessary to support an individual test. This type of
testing is driven by the architecture and implementation teams. This focus is
also called black-box testing because only the details of the interface are
visible to the test. Limits that are global to a unit are tested here.
In the construction industry, scaffolding is a temporary, easy to assemble and
disassemble, frame placed around a building to facilitate the construction of the
building. The construction workers first build the scaffolding and then the building.
Later the scaffolding is removed, exposing the completed building. similarly, in
software testing, one particular test may need some supporting software. This
software establishes can a correct evaluation of the test take place. The scaffolding
software may establish state and values for data structures as well as providing
dummy external functions for the test. Different scaffolding software may be needed
form one test to another test. Scaffolding software rarely is considered part of the
system.
Some times the scaffolding software becomes larger than the system software
being tested. Usually the scaffolding software is not of the same quality as the system
software and frequently is quite fragile. A small change in test may lead to much
larger changes in the scaffolding.
Internal and unit testing can be automated with the help of coverage tools.
Analyzes the source code and generated a test that will execute every alternative
thread of execution. Typically, the coverage tool is used in a slightly different way.

First the coverage tool is used to augment the source by placing information
prints after each line of code. Then the testing suite is executed generating an audit
trail. This audit trail is analyzed and reports the percent of the total system code
executed during the test suite. If the coverage is high and the untested source lines are
of low impact to the system’s overall quality, then no more additional tests are
required.

8. RUN TIME FORMS
SCREEN SHOTS
Admin Login:

Home Page:

Candidate detail:

User Details:

Candidate Information:

Election Details:

Candidate Information:

PassWord Generate:

Voter Login:

9. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
9.1. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
9.1.1 IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE
The process of putting the developed software in actual use is called system
implementation. This includes all those activities that take place to convert from the
old system to the new system. The system can be implemented only after through
testing is done and if it is found to be working according to the specification.
Implementation is that stage in the project where the theoretical design is
turned into a working system. The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful
system is that it will work efficiently and effectively. Implementation is the process
of converting a new system into an operational one using a programming language.
When creating a program in a computer program in any language, you should
follow a similar sequence of steps:
1. Determine the objective(s) of the program.
2. Determine the methods you want to use in writing the program.
3. Create the program to solve the problem.
4. Run the program to see the results.
The goal of this phase is to produce simple and clear programs, so that they are
easy to understand and modify. It should aim in reducing the testing and maintenance
cost. Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert an old
system to new. Proper implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to
meet the organizational requirement.

The implementation stages involves following tasks:
 Investigation of the system and constraints to check the validation.
 Design of methods to achieve the changeover.
 Training of the staff in the changeover phase.
 Evaluation of the changeover method.
 Client training for using the software.
The most commonly used implementation is pilot running and parallel
running.
I. Processing the current data by a single user at a time is called the pilot
running process. When one user is accessing the data at one system,
then system is said to be engaged and cannot be used by the user at
another machine connected in network. This process is used in system
where more than one user is restricted.
II. Processing the current data by more than a single user at a time is called
the parallel running process the same system can be viewed and
accessed at the same time on different machine completed in network.
This process is useful in system where multiple users are entertained.
Assumptions:
1. Install.Key file is generated by web application and it is placed in c:\
windows directory.
2. License Key generator program creates a new license key every time you
run the application.

A. Steps to be followed while installing software with Enhanced Piracy
Protection Software:
1. Get product key and customer pin number.
2. Check for Install.Key file and verify the product key and pin
number
If ( Product Key = = Customer Pin )
Continue Installation;
Otherwise
Stop the installation.
3. Verify the No_installation and Current_installation.
Ex: No_installation > current installation then
Continue Installation;
Otherwise
Stop the installation.
4. Generate the License.Key file and place it in c:\windows directory.
5. Continue with the installation.
6. After completing the installation process increase the
current_installation by one in Install.key file.
B. Steps to be followed while running a Installed software every time.
1. Generate the Current_License_Key
2. Check the License.key file in c:\windows directory
3. Compare Current_license_key and content of Licence.key . If both
are same run the program otherwise stop the program.
Create an install.bat file, which contains following class files.

 InstallKey_Checkup: This Program is used to perform Step 1, 2 & 3 in
Section A.
 License_Key_Generate: This Program is used to Perform Step 4 in Section
A.
1. Installation of Software:
 Install j2sdk1.4. by using the setup file.
 Install oracle 8i. Set path variable.
 Install weblogic 8.1 web server.
 Deploy the project.
2. Running the Software:
 Start the application by using the admin console which displays the
welcome file.
 Follow the instructions and enter suitable User-Id and password to

login.
 Run the install.bat file from the client directory.
 Start the installation of the purchased software.
9.2 USER TRAINING
To achieve the objectives and benefits expected from computer based system,
it is essential for the people who will be involved to be confident of their role in the
new system. As systems become more complex, the need for education and training
is more and more important.

The user of the system must be trained properly so that he/she can take
maximum benefits out of it. They must be made aware of all the features of the
software and the limitations or constraints in which the system may fail.

For Installation key creation:
Go to Customer Login---->Download Installation Key--->Enter Product Key
and Press Ok.
E.g.: Product key == "HH2D-6TBW-3WGT-CJ05".
Install-key.txt file will be created at C:/WINDOWS/install-key.txt
Client Side Verification:
Run batch file Install.bat in "client side Execution files" folder.

9.3 COMPLETE PROJECT CODING
Admin Login:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public partial class Admin_AdminLogin : System.Web.UI.Page

{
SqlConnection con = new
SqlConnection(@"Server=(local);Database=Electionpole;uid=sa;pwd=sqlserver");
SqlDataAdapter sda;
DataSet ds;
SqlCommand cmd;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!this.IsPostBack)
{
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

sda = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from M_admin where Admin_id='" +

TextBox1.Text + "' and Admin_pwd='" + TextBox2.Text + "'", con);
ds = new DataSet();
sda.Fill(ds);
if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count != 0)
{
Session["Admin_name"] = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0]["Admin_name"].ToString();
Session["Admin_No"] = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0]["Admin_No"].ToString();
Response.Redirect("AdminHomePage.aspx");
}
else
{
Label16.Visible = true;
Label16.Text = "Invalid User name & Password";
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
}
}
}
Change PassWord:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class Admin_ChangePassword : System.Web.UI.Page

{
private static int AdminNo;
SqlConnection con = new
SqlConnection(@"Server=(local);Database=Electionpole;uid=sa;pwd=sqlserver");
SqlCommand cmd;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
AdminNo = Convert.ToInt32(Session["Admin_No"].ToString());
if (AdminNo == 0)
{
Response.Redirect("AdminLogin.aspx");
}
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
cmd = new SqlCommand("Update M_admin set Admin_id='" + TextBox1.Text
+ "',Admin_pwd='" + TextBox2.Text + "' where Admin_No=" + AdminNo + " ",
con);
con.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
Label7.Text = "Password was changed Successfully";
}
protected void lblCreateUser_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Redirect("CreateVoter.aspx");
}
protected void LinkButton2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Redirect("CreateEledet.aspx");
}

{
Response.Redirect("ViewVoter.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("ViewEleDet.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("CreateElecandidate.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("ViewElecandidate.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("PasswordCreation.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("CreateAdmin.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("ChangePassword.aspx");
}
{
Response.Redirect("Counting.aspx");
}
}

10. TESTING AND RESULT
10.1 INTRODUCTION
Testing of any software consists of providing the software with a set of test
inputs and observing if the software behaves as expected. If the software fails to
behave as expected, then the conditions under which a failure occurs are noted for
debugging and correction. Finally, the system as a whole is tested to ensure that
errors in the previous phases are uncovered and the project works as specified.
Software testing identifies errors at an early stage if included at each stage. A
planned testing identifies the difference between the expected results and the actual
results. This helps to make software more rugged and reliable. Testing is applied at
different levels in the software development life cycle, but the testing done is
different in nature and has different objectives at each label.
Testing plays a very critical role in determining the reliability and efficiency
of the software and hence is very important stage in software development. Tests are
to be conducted on the software to evaluate its performance under a number of
conditions. Ideally we should do so at the level of each module and also when all of
them are integrated to form the complete system.

10.2 TYPES OF TESTING
The two main types of testing are:
1. WHITE BOX TESTING (OR STRUCTURAL TESTING)
The white box testing focused on the structural requirements of the software.
Here the test cases are decided based on the logic of the modules to be tested. This
testing is used for testing lower levels.
2. BLACK BOX TESTING (OR FUNCTIONAL TESTING)
The black box testing focused on the functional requirements of the software.
That is for a designer the black box testing will give the desired results for what it is
meant for, it means that he has to exercise all functional requirements of a program.
The black box testing is done after the software is developed.
Unit Testing:
In computer programming, a unit test is a procedure which is used to validate
the source code of a particular module, whether it is working properly or not. At the
lowest level, the function of the basic unit of software is tested in isolation. This is
where the most detailed investigation of the internal working of individual units is
carried out.
The purpose of unit testing is to find errors in the individuals units, which
could be logic-related errors. The procedure is to write test cases for all functions and
methods so that whenever a change causes a regression, it can be quickly identified
and fixed.

Ideally, each test case is separate from the others. The test case can be derived
from their program specification or design document. Units, which cannot be tested
in isolation, may require the creation of small test program, test program known as
harness. Constructs such as mock objects can assist in separating unit tests.
Coding and debugging Unit testing Integration testing
This type of testing is mostly done by the developers and not by end-users.
The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that the
individual parts are correct. Unit testing provides a strict, written contract that the
piece of code must satisfy. As a result, it offers several benefits.
There are four categories of tests that the programmer typically performs on a
program unit:
 Functional test
 Performance test
 Stress test
 Structural test
Functional Test:
The functional requirement for a system describes the functionality or
services that the system is expected to provide. These depend on the type of the
software which is being developed. Functional requirement for a Server side
application may be expressed in a number of different ways. Here are a number of
functional requirement for a Server side application

 The users shall be able to use all the application, with the use of System
username and password.
 After starting server side application client side application will start
working.
 Every user has unique user id and password, but all transmitted packet
will be carrying that system user id.
Performance Test:
This test is based on the requirement specification. This is designed to verify
response time (under various loads), execution, throughput primary and secondary
memory utilization and traffic rates on data channels and communication links,
performance testing will often indicate bottlenecks to be addressed during system
testing and tuning. The performance test plan should specify the machine
configuration assumptions concerning the system status for the test case, the
requirements being tested, test inputs and the expected results.
Stress Test:
Stress test was designate to overload the system in various ways, such as,
attempting to sign on more than the maximum allowed number of terminals
processing, more than the allowed number of identifiers or static labels or
disconnecting a communication link.
Structure Test:
This test is concerned with examine the processing logic of a software
system. The goal of structural testing is to traverse a specified number of paths
through each routine in a system to establish thoroughness of testing.

System Testing:
Testing is vital to the success of the system. It helps to identify and correct
the errors of the system. In the system testing performance and acceptance standards
are developed. Testing is also done with the data that are not accepted by the system.
Performance monitoring of the system was also done with different ranges of inputs.
System testing involves integration testing and acceptance testing.
Following the unit testing a subsystem testing was carried out to see the
proper functioning of other function in that subsystem. The test was conducted to see
if the subsystem functioned without interfering with the functioning of the other
subsystem. Proper error handling methods were adopted to make the system
performance more efficient.
Inputs were given and the outputs were analyzed and found to be error free
and satisfied. Finally, the recovery procedure for the entire subsystem was written.
Integration Testing:
Strategies for integrating software components in to a functioning product
include the bottom-up strategy, the top-down strategy, and the sandwich strategy.
Bottom-Up Integration: It consists of unit testing, followed by subsystem testing,
followed by the testing of the entire system. Modules are tested in isolation from one
another in an artificial environment known as a “test harness”.

Top-Down Integration: It starts with the main routine and one or two immediately
subordinate routines in the system structure, and then the top-level “skeleton” has
been tested.
Acceptance Testing:
This testing involves planning and execution of functional tests, performance
tests and stress tests to verify that the implemented system satisfies its requirements.
In addition, functional, performance and stress tests are performed to determine the
limitations of the system.
Features to be tested:
The functions that have been specified in the SRS are considered and tested.

10.3 TEST PLAN
Test Case ID Test Case 1
Description Testing for the Admin module.
Input Enter correct userid, Enter correct password, click on the Ok
button..
Expected Output Should open the Home page having Admin, Employee,
Customer, Product, Product Key link
Actual Opens the Home page having Admin, Employee, Customer,
Result/Remarks Product, Product Key link
Passed (?) Yes
Description Testing for the Admin module.
Input Enter Incorrect userid, Enter incorrect password, click on the
Ok button..
Expected Output Should show an Error message, Incorrect username and
password.
Actual Shows an Error message, Incorrect username and password
Result/Remarks
Passed (?) Yes

Description Testing for the Admin link in Admin module.
Input Click on the Admin Link.
Expected Output Should open a new page with admin details, edit link and Add
new Admin link.
Actual Opens a new page with admin details, edit link and Add new
Result/Remarks Admin link.
Passed (?) Yes
Description Testing for the Employee link in Admin module.
Input Click on the Employee Link.
Expected Output Should open a new employee details page, having modify link
and Add new employee link.
Actual Opens a new employee details page, having modify link and
Result/Remarks Add new employee link
Passed (?) Yes

Description Testing for the Customer link in admin module.
Input Click on the Customer Link.
Expected Output Should open a new customer details page,having modify link
and Add new employee link.
Actual Opens a new customer details page,having modify link and
Passed (?) Yes
Description Testing for the Product link in admin module.
Input Click on the Product Link.
Expected Output Should open a new product details page, having edit link and
Add new employee link.
Actual Opens a new employee details page, having modify link and
Passed (?) Yes

11. CONCLUSION
The project titled “Online Polling Using Visual Cryptography” was
successfully completed by In corporate companies elections are conduction to elect
President, Secretary and other board members every interval of times, since the
candidates are working various part of the world it is difficult for them to vote and
they need a web based polling system with security measures.
This system provides them good solutions with security using Visual
Cryptography.
We designed this system for corporate companies and it may be converted for public
election also. This system is very useful and safe for remote voting. This system is web based
application so that it can be accessed by any authorized person anywhere in the world through
internet.
The project has been implemented in such a manner using different modules
that it provides security to the product at different levels like development level
(Admin _Module), distribution level (Voter Module) and also at the application level
(Using InstallKey).

12. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Nothing is complete in itself. There is always some scope for improvement.
My project will definitely help us to provide security to software products but I can’t
assure that this is going to be a very full proof security mechanism and cannot be
breached in any manner.
As time passes new technologies come in the market and any software must
be flexible enough to accommodate these changes. New threats are always there
because its scope is not limited and also because software industry is very
competitive.
As my project is module based system, and all of them are independent
modules so, we can do the changes very easily and integrate new modules very
efficiently to further enhance the capability of this project.
Some of the perceived changes can be:
 There is a facility by using DataGrids as reports but in future we can have
a separate report section to have a look at all types of data to get a
hardcopy of the data whenever required.
 Eventhough most of the advanced security facilities has been added, some
of the other advanced security features like Biometrics passwords can also
be added to make it more full proof to protect software products.
 We can also include a feature that will enable the customer to view the
newly launched products and place the orders online. In this project this
facility is restricted to the admin only.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES
 .NET Programmer’s Reference
o By: Sussman
 Professional SQL Server 2000 DTS (Data Transformation Services)
o By: Chaffin
 Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd edition. MIT Press, McGraw-Hill.
RELATED LINKS
 .NET Documentation http://www.wrox.com/
 Introduction to Web server http://www.howstuffworks.com/
 www.google.com
 www.codesource.com
 www.di-mgt.com.au/rsa_alg.html - RSA Algorithm
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/piracy protection

ACRONYMS
 ADO.Net-ActiveX Data object with .Net framework
 ASP.net-Active Server pages with .Net framework
 DFD-Data Flow Diagram
 HTML-hypertext markup language
 IIS-internet information Services.
 OLAP- Online Analytical Processing
 RSA- Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman algorithm
 SRS-System Requirements Specification
 SQL-Structured Query Language

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Online Polling System

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Online Polling System Using Visual Cryptography

In corporate companies elections are conduction to elect President, Secretary

security using Visual Cryptography .Visual Cryptograph. Visual Cryptography is

set P of n participants, a secret image S is encoded into n shadow images called

the participants’ share to be place one over another.

Implementation of above tasks in remote voting system, the election office

world through internet.

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 1

1.2 ORGANIZATION PROFILE

DHS Informatics Private Limited is a training division of multi-national IT

related subjects those from different fields.

DHS Informatics train people on various technologies and place them in On

Intersoft KK and other IT companies. Also DHS Informatics conducts campus

various corporate offices in and around Bangalore.

Apart from this, DHS Informatics occasionally conducting special offshore

provides facilities like Accommodation, Travel, Cultural Knowledge, Entertainments

Informatics provides coaching on English together with technical training through

or Chinese/Mandarin according to their wish and places them in India or Japan,

Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan.

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 2

I. Secret Hiding Techniques

II. Save Data Migration over Company Intranet

III. HAWKEYE (Trade Surveillance System)

1.3 INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE POLLING SYSTEM

In corporate companies elections are conduction to elect President, Secretary

with security using Visual Cryptography. Visual Cryptography is used to encrypt

each participant in P receives one share.

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 3

System Design & Implementation

 Generate Secret Password

 Sending the First Share through Email using Visual Cryptography

 Downloading Second Share

 Getting the Secret Word using Visual Cryptography

Election Selection and Polling.

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 4

2.1 .NET Tools and Technologies:

or providing web services.

environment seen by the code.

 Object Oriented Programming

 Better support for dynamic web pages

 Efficient Data Access

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 5

ASP.NET is the latest version of Active Server Pages (ASP), Microsoft’s

server-side web technology for building dynamic, interactive, and database-driven

It is based on the .NET framework, which provides a platform independent of

This section provides an overview of the ASP.NET infrastructure and

subsystem relationships, as they relate to the subject of security. The following

illustration shows the relationships among the security systems in ASP.NET.

Fig 1.1: ASP .NET Architecture

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 6

As the illustration shows, all Web clients communicate with ASP.NET

Integrating with IIS:

authentication services. IIS always assumes that a set of credentials maps to a

in the IIS administrative services.

 Support for programming languages

 Support for separation of code and content

 Client platform independence

 Support for .NET framework

Doddappa Appa Institute of MCA, Gulbarga 7

A server control is a control that is programmable by writing server-side code.

types of server controls; HTML and web server controls.

can be used by any object that inherits from system.

SCOPE OF THE CONTROLS OF ASP.NET:

Label is used to display that the user cannot change.