A

PRESENTATION
ON

CELL
By
P MEGHANA

Guide
Dr.S.S.PATIL SIR
 INTRODUCTION
Cell Death:
The event biological cell ceasing to carry out its
function. Apopotosis on type I Cell death and autophagy
or Type II Cell death

There are 3 process

1) Autophagy
2) Apoptosis
3) Necrosis
1.Autophagy:

Natural or programmed cell death of all are under genetic

control. It is also called cell suicides. It is a normal physiological
process essential for normal development. It maintain cellular
homeostaties. It is the essential event development and in adult
stage.
2.Apoptosis:

The natural or programmed death the cell under genetic

control apoptosis refers to the process is called apoptosis.
Necrosis
Functional of Apoptosis

• It is useful for removal of a cell that is damaged beyond repair by a

various or toxin.

• An essential event during the development and in adult stages

There are again 2 process

(1)Apoptotic process

(2)Abnormal apoptosis
Necrosis

It is the uncontrolled unprogrammed cell death and accidental

damage. It is also called cell murder. Because cell is killed by
extra cellular fluid external events.

Causes of Necrosis:-

 Injury

 Inflammation

 Infractive and

 Cancer
Cell Adaptations:-

Cell adaptations refers to the change taking places in a cell in

response to environmental changes.

Cellular adaptations occurs by following

 Atrophy

 Hypertrophy

 Hyperplasia

 Dysplasia

 Metaplasia
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Metaplasia
1)Atrophy - Abnormal decrease in size or wasting of organs or tissue.
It is caused due to improper diet dereated blood supply.

2)Hypertrophy – It is the increase in the size of the cell resulting in

enlargement of organs. There are 3 types

(1) Physiological hypertrophy

(2) Pathological Hypertrophy

(3) Compensatory Hypertrophy

(3) Hyperplasia- It is the increase in cell number but no increase in
the size of cell, but the enlargement of organs. It also have 3 types

(1) Physiological hyperplasia

(2) Pathological hyperplasia

(3) Compensatory hyperplasia

(4) Dysplasia- The change is size, shape and organisation of cells. It

common in epithelial cells of cervix and respiratory tract.
(4) Metaplasia- The condition that involves replacement of one type
of cell with another type of cell. It has 2 types

(1) Physiological metaplasia

(2) Pathological metaplasia

Cell Degeneration- The process characterized by the dead cells at

cytoplasmic level, without effecting, the nucleus. It may result in
functional in important deterioration of the tissue of organ. Cause
due to

1.Fluid accumulation in the cells

2.Fat infertiration into the cell

Cell Aging

It is due to damage of the cell substance like DNA, RNA,

proteins and lipids etc. It determines the health and life span of
body
P MEGHANA