IMPACT ON ERROR-FREE DOCUMENTATION IN

FREIGHT FORWARDING AND EMPLOYEE

SATISFACTION IN SVARAD LOGISTICS INDIA PVT
LTD
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree in

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

By

HARI .T
Reg no: 195012101037

Under the Guidance of

Dr.R.Barathvajan

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Dr. M.G.R.
Educational and Research Institute
(Deemed to be University)
(Decl. u/s.3 of UGC Act 1956)
Accredited with A Grade by NAAC
E.V.R. Periyar High Road, Chennai - 600 095

MAY 2021
 DECLARATION

I, HARI.T hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “IMPACT ON ERROR-FREE

DOCUMENTATION IN FREIGHT FORWARDING AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

IN SVARAD LOGISTICS INDIA PVT LTD” Chennai is done under the guidance from MR

Dr.R.Bharatvajan Faculty of Management Studies is submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree in MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.

DATE:
PLACE: SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
 Dr.M.G.R

Educational and Research Institute

(Deemed to be university)

Maduravoyal, Chennai-600 095

(An ISO 9001-2008 certified Institution)

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report is the bonafide work of HARI. T Reg.
No: 195012101037, who has carried out the Project entitled “IMPACT ON
ERROR-FREE DOCUMENTATION IN FREIGHT FORWARDING AND
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN SVARAD LOGISTICS INDIA PVT LTD”
under our supervision from 8th Feb 2021 to 30th March 2021.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Submitted for Viva Voce Examination held on

COMPANY LETTER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To acknowledge here, all those who have been a helping hand in completing this
project, shall be an endeavour in itself

I extremely thankful to our Chancellor Thiru A.C.SHANMUGAM, B.A., B.L., our President

Er. A.C.S. ARUN KUMAR, B.E. I express my sincere thanks to our Secretary

Thiru A. RAVIKUMAR and our Vice Chancellor Dr.S.Geethalakshmi, I would like to take the
opportunity to express my profound gratitude to Dr. G BRINDHA, Professor & head, and my
project guide, Faculty of Management Studies, for her kind permission to undergo project work
successfully.

I thank Dr.R.Barathvajan guiding me to execute my final year project. I also thank all
faculties and batch mates in Faculty of Management Studies, for their support and guidance
throughout the course of final year project.

I owe my wholehearted thanks and appreciation to entire staff of the company for their
cooperation and assistance during the project.

HARI .T
 ABSTRACTS

Impact on error-free documentation in freight forwarding and employee

satisfaction was carried out in Svarad logistics (India) Pvt.Ltd the main
objectives is to know about the error-free documentation and the employee's
satisfaction in the organization. Error-free documentation is essential to the
success of any business institution. The important factors that are considered in
the error-free documentation is contact, packing, payment information,
classification of goods value, product description, and so on. This project was
done as part of a descriptive research convenience sampling technique was
employed for selecting the sample. The primary data was collected data
collected by means of questionnaires. The secondary data was collected from
the company records and websites. A structured questionnaire was given to fifty
employees and the data was collected based on the same. The data were analysed
using the percentage method. Utmost care has been taken from the beginning of
the preparation of the questionnaire till the analysis, findings, and suggestions.
The analysis leads over to the conclusion that the majority of the employees are
satisfied. Dissatisfaction with reference to some of the factors was also reported.
It was found that dissatisfaction among employees will affect the work
performance and productivity of the organization. Valuable suggestions and
recommendations are also given to the company for better prospects.
 INDEX

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE 4
1.2 COMPANY PROFILE 11
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 20

1.4 NEED FOR THE STUDY 21

1.5 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 22
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 23
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 24
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28
3.1 RESEAECH DESIGN 28
3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 29
3.3 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 29
3.4 STATISTICAL/ANALYTICAL TOOLS 30
3.5 LIMTIATION OF THE STUDY 31
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 47
5 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY 63
6 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 65
7 CONCLUSION 66
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 67
9 ANNEXURE 68
 LIST OF TABLE

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.

4.1 Overall, how satisfied are you working for the company 47

4.2 To what extent do you agree with the working condition 49

4.3 Are you satisfied with the salary paid to you 50

4.4 Do you have any incentives wage scheme for efficient 51

work on your organization
4.6 How many years have you been with the company 52

4.7 Is the management helpful and sympathetic to your 53

problems in workstation
4.8 Are you satisfied with the facilities provided to you 54

4.9 Satisfaction of employees in training 55

4.10 Opinion of employees in business institution 56

4.11 Satisfactory level of employees leave provided 57

4.12 Showing whether employees to get any chance to be 58

involved with goal and image
4.13 Satisfaction level of employees in overall allowances 59

4.14 Showing whether the employees satisfied with work 60

facilities provided by the company
4.15 Satisfactory level of employees in working relationship 61
with their supervisor
 LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.

4.1 Overall, how satisfied are you working for the company 48
4.2 To what extent do you agree with the working condition 49

4.3 Are you satisfied with the salary paid to you 50

4.4 Do you have any incentives wage scheme for efficient 51

work on your organization
4.6 How many years have you been with the company 52

4.7 Is the management helpful and sympathetic to your 53

problems in workstation
4.8 Are you satisfied with the facilities provided to you 54

4.9 Satisfaction of employees in training 55

4.10 Opinion of employees in business institution 56

4.11 Satisfactory level of employees leave provided 57

4.12 Showing whether employees to get any chance to be 58

involved with goal and image
4.13 Satisfaction level of employees in overall allowances 59

4.14 Showing whether the employees satisfied with work 60

facilities provided by the company
4.15 Satisfactory level of employees in working relationship 61
with their supervisor
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
Human resource is considered to be the most valuable asset in any organization. It is the
sum-total of inherent abilities, acquired knowledge and skills represented by the talents and
aptitudes of the employed persons who comprise executives, supervisors, and the rank and file
employees. It may be noted here that human resources should be utilized to the maximum possible
extent, to achieve individual and organizational goals. It is thus the employee performance, which
ultimately decides, and attainment of goals. Employee satisfaction is the terminology used to
describe whether employees are happy and contented and fulfilling their desires and needs at work.
Many measures purport that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee
goal achievement, and positive employee morale in the workplace. Employee satisfaction, while
generally a positive in your organization, can also be a downer if mediocre employees stay because
they are satisfied with your work environment.

The term relates to the total relationship between an individual and the employer for which he is
paid. Satisfaction does mean the simple feeling state accompanying the attainment of any goal; the
end state is feeling accompanying the attainment by an impulse of its objective.

Shipping Industry
The shipping industry facilitates domestic and global manufacturing and trade via transportation
of commodities and finished products, while also providing for the delivery of goods directly to
consumers. A wide variety of commercial transport methods can be found in the shipping industry,
from bulk transport of commodities in railcars to highly specialized "intermodal" container
shipping. Four major modes of transport exist in this industry: marine, air, rail, and freight
(trucking). A $700 billion industry is projected to grow to $1.3 trillion by 2020. In the United
States alone, the $700 billion shipping industry is expected to be valued at $1.3 trillion by 2023.
Demand for shipping continues to grow as global trade grows.

Importance of shipping industry

Around 90% of world trade is carried by the international shipping industry. Without shipping the
import and export of goods on the scale necessary for the modern world would not be possible.
Seaborne trade continues to expand, bringing benefits for consumers across the world through
competitive freight costs. Thanks to the growing efficiency of shipping as a mode of transport and
increased economic liberalization, the prospects for the industry‘s further growth continue to be
strong .There are over 50,000 merchant ships trading internationally, transporting every kind of
cargo. The world fleet is registered in over 150 nations, and manned by over a million seafarers of
virtually every nationality.

1
Shipping Industry in India
Indian shipping Industry has become the 14th largest fleet in the world as per deadweight tonnage.
The shipping fleet of India consists of around 515 vessels with a GRT of 7.06 million and dwt of
11.5 million ones. It has about 616 ships, with a total capacity of 6.62 million tons Gross Registered
Tonnage (GRT). Out of which about 258 ships are engaged in overseas trade and the rest ply inland
routes. The Indian shipping industry plays an important role in the Indian economy as almost 90%
of the country‘s international trade is conducted by the sea. Today, India has around 1071 ships
with 722 coastal and 349 overseas ships; Indian coastal shipping is highly fragmented.

"As on January 31, 2019, India had a fleet strength of 1,405 ships with dead weight tonnage (DWT)
of 19.22 million (12.74 million GT) including Indian controlled tonnage, with Shipping
Corporation of India (SCI) having the largest share of around 30.52 per cent. Of this, around 458
ships of 17.58 million DWT (11.26 million GT) cater to India's overseas trade and the rest to
coastal trade".

India had a fleet strength of 1,400 vessels with gross registered tonnage (GRT) of 12.68 million in
2018, as compared to fleet strength of 1,371 vessels with 12.35 million GRT at the end of
December 2017.Petroleum, lubricant, and oils are the most common products handled by the
shipping industry in India, accounting for 33.7% of the total cargo handled. Container shipping
comes in second, responsible for 19.7% of activities. This is followed by steam coal (13.7%),
coking (7.6%), and Iron Ore (6.7%).

Exports Documentation:
Purchase order from Buyer, Sales Invoice, Packing List, Shipping Bill, Bill of Lading or Airway
Bill, Certificate of Origin and any other specific documentation as specified by the buyer, or as
required by financial institutions or LC terms or as per importing country regulations.

2
Imports Documentation:
Purchase Order from Buyer, Sales Invoice of supplier, Bill of Entry, Bill of
Lading or Airway bill, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, and any other specific
documentation required by the buyer, or financial institution or the importing country
regulation.

3
1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

INTRODUCTION TO FREIGHT FORWARDING

A freight forwarder is a person or organization that responsible for the transportation of goods
from one destination to another destination. Freight forwarding companies work in arranging the
whole process for their shippers, from the storage to the shipping of their market. They act as an
intermediary between the shipper and transportation services, Communication with various
carriers to negotiate on price and decide on the most cost-effective, well-founded, and swift route.
Freight forwarders contract with respective Liners – that is, airlines, shipping lines, or hauler to
transport the goods. Usually a forwarder does not physically move the shipment but acts as a skilled
in the logistics processing. Their services are more specialized. They understand international
business, they know the rules and regulations, and they simplify the act of shipping in favor of a
company shipping its goods throughout the world. The transportation will be done by multiple
shipping types of modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads, and often use multiple
modes for a single transportation. For example, the freight forwarder may arrange to transportation
of goods from a plant to the seaport by truck, shipped by ship to the destination city, and then
moved from the seaport to a client place by another truck. See the process shown

Freight forwarders sometimes have own vehicles and warehouses, but the predominant model is a
non-asset based freight forwarder who‘s try to select the best supplier for each step of the Goods.
International freight forwarders commonly handle international goods and the know-how to
adapting and handle customs documentation and operating activities connected to the international
4
goods. Freight forwarders employ agents in command of the laws and regulations, people who
know how to handle the paperwork and the shipping and receiving logistics. In short, they ensure
your goods are properly shipped. They handle commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration,
insurance, bill of lading, and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import,
transhipment and port and terminal charges.

Purpose of Freight Forwarding Services

• Customs clearance
• Insurance
• Packing
• International import and export documentation
• Inventory management and
• Storage

Through the services of freight forwarders, the entire process of importing and exporting of goods
becomes less stressful. They can also assist you in the packing of goods, thus reducing the pressure
from you.

FREIGHT FORWARDERS IN EXPORT

The list of some of the elements freight forwarder has to consider to ensure the shipment arrives
to its destination as want it:

• Gas Charges
• Distance
• Goods value
• Handling costs
• Package type
• Service type
• Tolls
• Transport chain
• Volume
• Weight
• Diesel surcharges
Exporters should seriously consider having the freight forwarder handle the formidable amount of
documentation that exporting requires; freight forwarders are specialists in this process. The
following documents are commonly used in exporting; which of them are actually used in each

5
case depends on the requirements of both our government and the government of the importing
country.

1. Commercial invoice

2. Bill of lading
3. Consular invoice
4. Certificate of origin
5. Inspection certification
6. Dock receipt and warehouse receipt
7. Destination control statement
8. Insurance certificate
9. Export license

10. Export packing list

IN IMPORT

Proforma Invoice:

It is a record that contains points of interest with regards to the quality, review, design, mass,
weight, and cost of the exported merchandise and the terms and conditions on which their
transportation will occur.

Import order or Indent:

It is a documentation in which the importer orders for supply of imperative merchandise to the
supplier. The order containing the data, for example, amount and nature of merchandise value, a
technique for sending the merchandise, packing process, method of payment, and so forth.

6
Shipment counsel:

The exporter sends shipment advice to the importer for telling him that the merchandise has been
dispatched. It contains invoice number, bill of lading/airway bill number and date, the name of the
vessel to date, the port of export, description of products and amount, and the date of cruising of
the vessel.

Bill of lading:

It is readied and marked by the captain of the ship recognizing the receipt of merchandise on
board. It contains terms and conditions on which the products are to be taken to the destination.

Bill of entry:

It is a form provided by the customs office to the importer who filled it at the duration of getting
the merchandise. It must be in triplicate and is to be submitted to the customs office.

Letter of credit:

It is a document that contains a certification from the importer bank to the exporter‘s bank that it
is attempted to respect the payment up to a specific sum of the bills issued by the exporter for
transportation of the products to the importer.

Trade Enquiry:

It is a written request made by a logistic firm to the abroad provider for giving data in regards to
the cost and different terms and conditions for trading merchandise.

MOVING THE GOODS

Freight forwarding is a service industry that involves moving goods around the world on behalf of
exporters. A freight forwarder acts as the intermediary or broker between you and the shipping
company, airline, rail, or road Haulage Company. A freight forwarder will save you time and
money if you‘re exporting large volumes of goods or high-value items by sea or air freight. If
you‘re exporting smaller volumes, or regular numbers of packages, it may be simpler, cheaper,
and quicker to use a parcel courier. Various couriers can offer free collections 7 days a week and

7
tracked delivery. Unlike freight forwarders, courier services generally use their own staff and
equipment to make deliveries.

Transportation

Freight forwarders are the link between the seller and the buyer. They may be contracted to work
for either, and their key function will be to arrange for the movement of the goods between the
two. They will book space on the ship, aircraft, or another transport mode, call forward the goods
at the appropriate time and collect them. They will liaise with their agent/office overseas to co-
ordinate delivery to the buyer. These actions may be influenced by the method of transportation
chosen.

 Air Freight Consolidation and Forwarding

As fully-licensed IATA cargo agents, Global Shipping is able to work with both
commercial and cargo airlines, giving you greater transportation options (and lower shipping rates,
when you transport your goods with a passenger airline). They will work closely with you to make
sure your consolidated cargo reaches its destination on time, even if you need a midweek shipment.
Even offer real-time tracking, making it easy for you to see exactly where your shipment is at any
given time. When you choose Global Shipping, you‘re getting a freight forwarding provider that
is large enough to offer competitive rates and flexible shipping options but small enough to provide
personal attention to every shipment.

Efficiency: Consolidated shipping makes sense to both shippers and airlines, as it is more cost-
effective to fly a plane with a full cargo load than to fly one with only a partial load.

Lower Cost: Because freight consolidation is more effective than charter services, it is also less
expensive. If you decide to ship your goods by air, this is the most affordable way to do it.

Fast: While more expensive than sharing a shipping container on a cargo ship, cargo consolidation
is also substantially faster than shipping your goods by ocean. If you need to have a relatively
quick turnaround from the time you place an order to the time your shipment arrives at its
destination, you should opt to transport your cargo by air.

8
Documentation

Commonly used shipping documents include several types of bills of lading. Put simply, a bill of
lading is a document a carrier uses to detail merchandise they‘re shipping. The title of the goods
is given to the party the item is being shipped through. The purpose is to guarantee that an exporter
will get the payment they‘re entitled to, and that importers will get the merchandise they‘ve paid
for. Straight bills of lading are used when payment is made in advance, and an order bill of lading
is used if the merchandise is shipped before payment is made. Bills of lading can be endorsed to
third parties and used as collateral or security.

Packing and Warehousing

Shipping is the final warehouse process, and one of the most important ones, for that matter. While
customer experience greatly depends on the shipping process, the process itself depends on the
preceding processes to varying extents.

How efficiently the goods are picked greatly depends on the put away process, while delivering
them in good condition depends on the packing process. As they can see, the shipping process
should be executed not only in a proper way but also efficiently to avoid inefficiencies. That
shipping is considered successful only if the right order is sorted and loaded, dispatched to the
right customer through the right transit mode, and delivered on time. Since shipping is the last
warehouse process, it is important to keep in mind that all processes before it have a direct impact
on its efficiency and effectiveness. Let‘s run through the processes that precede and those which
comprise it. Subsequently, they will also explore how those can optimize each of these processes.

Insurance

Exporter may suffer financial loss if goods are damaged during transportation from the port of
dispatch to the point of destination. To protect from loss, the exporter may have to take an
insurance policy to protect him from physical damage to the goods. Here is the importance of cargo
Insurance‘. In case, goods are shipped by sea, the insurance is known as Marine Insurance‘. The
term cargo insurance is used in case of air shipment. However, in practice, both the terms are
interchangeably used and their regulations are common.

9
The need for insurance is mainly for two reasons, Legal and Commercial. The legal liability of the
intermediaries is Limited. Intermediaries include clearing and forwarding agents, carriers port and
customs authorities etc. that handle the goods at various stages. They do not incur any liability, if
the damage is due to circumstances beyond their control or if the loss caused despite their
reasonable care taken by them. In the case of sea shipment, their legal liability is limited to 100
pounds per package at present and in case of air shipment, the liability of airlines is limited to $16
per kg at present which is amended from time to time. It is quite normal such amount of
compensation does cover the loss totally sustained by the exporter.

Knowledge of Products/Goods

Exporter expects from the freight forwarders having some knowledge about the products
or goods they export. Because the freight forwarders also provide of packaging services,
if they don't know about the goods description and nature means they cannot provide the
best, then it leads to loss for the exporter.

10
1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

ABOUT THE COMPANY

At Svarad logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd, is a Custom Broker and freight forwarding agent in
Chennai. Our expertise covers the full spectrum of transportation and logistics services by SEA,
AIR, and by truck to any destination in the world. The only thing that we value is our client
relationship. We strive to serve them with integrity and encourage them to become the most valued
member of our team.

Svarad logistics (India) Pvt.Ltd, has been incorporated in 2015 and formally it was MARINE
INTERNATIONAL SERVICES and we have been in the business since 1993 and employs over
10 people. The export department brings many years of combined experience in the trade and is
responsible for the preparation of documents and the forwarding of outbound shipments. We also
handle the movement of proprietary equipment offshore assembly factories, as well as, with the
transportation of your raw materials, findings, trimmings and finished textile products.

We will provide all warehouses services, including consolidation of cargo for outbound shipments,
and the distribution of inbound merchandise. Areas of our facility are designated as an Indian
Customs Bonded Warehouse and Container Freight Station.

We routinely provides pick and pack, ticketing, segregation and direction distribution services for
many of its clients. In order to provide efficient and secure services, warehouse and courier
personnel are availability by us.

We can conduct a line review of your products and provide you with non-blinding tariff
classification advice. In addition we can assist you with preparation and filling of binding ruling
requests for classification and/ or other Customs issues.

We are prepared to evaluate your transportation needs. We will work with your company to ensure
the best domestic and international transportation plan. We recognize that the development and
implementation of a loss prevention program and the proper handling of hazardous materials are
key factors in the operation of your business.

We believe that is customers, as importers, and exporters, need to clearly and well informed of
their obligations for compliance to the Indian Customs Service and all other regulatory government
agencies. We serve a large and diverse client base representing the small to medium business in
various industry sectors such as good, clothing, Electronics, Metals, Pharmaceuticals and more.
We specialize in Fresh Fruit Vegetables food and food related products and are specialists in
INDIAN food and Drug Administration matters.

11
Vision:
To became a preferred partner, by deploying client cantered, multi-technology logistics solutions,
with a constant commitment to excellence. We constantly strive to exceed the expectations of our
life-line-our customer.

Mission:
Svarad logistics always strive to deliver customer oriented, techno-powered, quality logistics
solutions in highly efficient and timely manner.

Values:
One of the most value driven firms in the logistics services; our values will always reflect in our
services. The core values at Svarad logistics include;

Integrity:
We always focus on honesty and transparency. Everything we do must stand on the test of our
client. We believe in practicing highest integrity and moral standards.

Agility:
In order to keep ourselves aligned with this fast developing world, we keep on upgrading. Our
perfect balance between best operational practices and modernized offices, give us the accelerated
pace of growth in the logistics industry.

Responsibility:
We have always believed that, our obligation to satisfactorily complete our job is an integral part
of our business. As a result we are always responsible towards our own work, our team and our
clients.

Teamwork:
We have in long term relationship. Teamwork, properly powered by technology and
communication, motivates us to improve every day. As a team we always strive to deliver best
possible services to all our clients, which are beyond their expectation

Excellence:
Our passion for excellence, compel us to deliver the best. This is achieved through dynamic
thinking. Our team works with enthusiasm to fuel positive change.

12
Innovation:
Innovation, we believe is a key to success. Providing innovative logistics solutions to our clients
is our prime goal. Exercising curiosity and looking any problem from different angle leads us to
innovative solutions. And this difference helps us, to stand out in the logistic industry. We always
encourage our team think out of the box and provide customized solutions.

Personal Touch:
Delivering professional services in personalized manner in our style.

SERVICES
SVARAD LOGISTICS serves it clients with the latest technology and infrastructure, compatible
in today’s challenging business environment. This helps us transport your goods quickly with
efficient arrangement of shipments. Here is the wide range of service offered:

 Ocean-LCL &FCL: As your logistics partner, we also offer a complete range of ocean freight
services, including full container load (FCL) and less -than container load (LCL) .Our
experienced team of professionals can handle all documentation and scrutinize the transport
of every shipments door-to-door.

CUSTOMS CLEARENCE
We have our own customs Broker license under license no.R361/2015. We’re one of
the fastest growing customs clearing agents ensuring smooth and easy customs clearance for all
our customers, so that they receive their goods on time. Our Team help ease import and Export
regulations and paperwork in record time for all your shipments. Handling all the trade
compliance and procedures, we help clear consignments by sea, land and air more efficiently.

FREIGHT FORWARDING
Svarad logistics is an integrated logistics provider specialization in all phases of transportation
and supply chain management services with a complete range of freight services, we leverage
volumes smartly to deliver competitive transportation in every major trade lanes around the
world.

Modeled on the Effective, Integrated and Innovative concept. We are able to specifically
responds to our client requirements through our network experienced, professional and strong
worldwide contacts.

13
 TRANSPORTATION
Svarad Logistics specializes in a total integrated Supply Chain solutions to wide variety of
Industry clients with a vast experience in real-world logistics and supply chain. Customization
services with competitive costing, setting benchmarks in quality of service and customer
satisfaction are the driving factors behind this initiative. Modeled on the Effective, Integrated
and Innovative concept. We are able to specifically respond to our client requirements through
our network of experienced, professional and strong worldwide contacts.

WAREHOUSE
We provide you a comprehensive suite of warehousing services all under one roof. The
warehousing space coupled with material handling and transportation is an excellent hassle free
combination for you. Tracking your product is made easy through our reporting tools, using
technology. A part from that we also go for periodic inventory counts, to improve our
productivity. We also have more than enough space to house your products. With consolidating
shipments we also try and reduce your costs considerably.

Inco Terms
Breakdown Dividing Responsibility and Charges between Buyer (Importer) and
Seller (Exporter)
FOB US
port CRF
EXW free on cost CIF cost
Free FCA free FAS free board & insurance
Service Carrier carrier alongside ship vessel freight freight
Warehouse
Labour
charge at
Origin Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Export
Packaging Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Loading at
Origin Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Inland
Freight Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller

14
Port
Receiving
charge Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller
Forwarder
fee Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller
Loading on
Ocean
Carrier Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller
Ocean/Air
Freight Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller
Charges on
Foreign
Port/airport
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Custom
Duty & tax
abroad Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer

Delivery
charges to
final
Destination
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
DEQ
delivered DDU
CPI** CIP** DAF EXQUA deliver DDP
carriage carriage deliver DES I duty y delivery
paid insurance y at delivered paid duty duty
Service to paid to frontier EXship unpaid paid
Warehouse
Storage at
Origin Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller

15
Warehouse
Labour
charge at
Origin Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Export
Packaging Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Loading at
Origin Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Inland
Freight Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Port
Receiving
charge Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Forwarder
fee Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Loading on
Ocean
Carrier Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Charges on
Foreign
Port/airport
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Ocean/Air
Freight Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Charges on
Foreign
Port/airport
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Custom
Duty & tax
abroad Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller

16
D.Charges
to final
destination Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller

PROJECT LOGISTICS
Svarad logistics excels in project management. Firms that operate on large scale always benefits
from our comprehensive, company-wide solutions. Practically we handover the control of critical
shipments to our clients throughout all the phases -planning, site, survey, complete reporting and
transportation analysis till the delivery.

DGFT LICENSING
When it comes to foreign trade. A through working knowledge about recent rules and provisions
is a must Svarad logistics can became your perfect leasing partner, to guide you about policy
procedures and licensing formalities of the Director General Foreign Trade.

CHARTER SERVICES
Once you partner with Svarad logistics, you can except precision, correctness and professional
planning. Everything related to your cargo-its weight and size, origin and destination, till your
delivery date and time, is done with professional accuracy. We specialize in delivering
customized, effective and reliable charter solutions for all clients.

DOMESTIC TRANSPORTATION
Svarad logistics offers both asset-based as well-as-non-asset based domestic transportation. So
that, our client can finds flexibility and effiency at a single source. Our transport services include
local pick-ups and deliveries all across the country. In our truck fleet, we have straight trucks as
well as tractor trailers having interstate authority.

VALUE ADDED SERVICES

Svarad logistics also provides a complete range of value added services like;

 Processing certificate of origin

 Freight packaging
 Phytosanitary certificate/ Fumigation certificate
 All services associated with export and import so that we can prove to be your one stop
logistics service.

17
 HANDLING PRODUCTS
 STEEL
 ANIMAL FEED
 LEATHER CHEMICALS
 ENZYMES
 BRICKS
 FURNITURE
 DEALING COUNTRIES
 CAT LAI/ VIETNAM
 NAPIER/NEWZEALAND
 DAVAO/PHILIPPINES
 SHANGHAI/CHINA
 GUOANZHOU/CHINA
 SHENZHEN/CHINA DAR-ES-SALAM/TANZANIA
 COLOMBO/SRILANKA
 JEBELALI/UAE
 CHITTAGONG/BANGLADESH

 AUTHORISED COMPANY
 CUSTOMS AUTHORISED BROKER

PROCEDURES

IN AIRFREIGHT FORWARDING
1. When the queries received from the customers the freight forwarders would quote a rate and
availability occasion of the cargoes is known as booking. The quoted sheet would send to the
customers respectively.

2. Receiving documents from the shipper once the customers approved the nominated rate with
the shippers letter of instructions and the documents are, invoice, packing list etc.

3. Software entry: For generating the job number for the record, preparation of the house airway
bill (HAWB), shipping instruction number etc...

4. Preparation for getting master airway bill

5. Preparation for cargo console manifest:

• MAWB number
• Number of cartons
• Gross weight
18
 • Destination
• Freight terms
• HAWB number
• Shipper
• Consignee
• Notify
If there is only one HAWB, Cargo Console Manifest will prepare. There is no Cargo Console
Manifest for direct shipment.

6. Security declaration
7. Scanning the cargo
8. Pouch preparation:

• Invoice, packing list, gsp, co etc…

• HAWB(consignee copy)
• Cargo Console Manifest
• MAWB copies
• Scanning the cargo
• Security declaration
9. Clearing procedures: generation of shipping bill
10. Amendment if any:
Correction in MAWB &HAWB, put correction seal and sign

11. Agents regularly track their customer‘s shipment till it reaches the destination.

19
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

• To study about the critical aspects of the freight forwarding industry.

• To understand the risks involved in the shipping of goods by air and sea from the
customers perspective and suggest ways to overcome it.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES

• To observe the level of satisfaction among the employees relating to the nature of
the job.
• To analyse the performance of the employees.
• To suggest suitable measure to improve the overall satisfaction of the employees
in then organization

20
1.4 NEED OF THE STUDY

• Freight forwarders and exporters should be aware of all the important processes involved
in the documentation, the mistakes that occur, and how to deal with them. This can know
to save you time and energy and reduce risk and high cash.
• Blank air waybills are issued by individual airlines to freight forwarders appointed as
agents by the airline. The completed air waybill acts as a document of carriage. It provides
evidence of a contract for carriage between exporter and airline, and proof of receipt by the
airline of goods for shipment. It also acts as a freight bill. When suitably endorsed, the air
waybill can provide acceptable documentary proof that the goods have been exported.
• Employee satisfaction is an important aspect as far as an organization is considered.
Employees are back bone of every organization so it is responsibility of the management
to keep the employees to contribute more.
• I want to know the employees in Svarad logistics are satisfied or not. So I had to address
the problem in my study.

21
1.5 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The problem for freight forwarders appears to arise by default rather than design as it is not entirely
clear why they would want to voluntarily assume the role of a defendant in cargo claims when this
onerous burden can be avoided. No thought has been given to the name of the document being
used by the freight forwarder. Little thought has been given to the issues which should be
addressed.

Employee are the assets of any organizations it is through the employees. The organization
achieves its objectives. It is very important from the organization point of view to keep them
satisfied. The purpose of study is to understand the level of satisfaction among the employees to
Svarad logistics constitute the universe of study.

22
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study has only supported the survey conducted with Svarad logistics employees has focused
on documentation errors. The study covers the knowledge about the state of mind which can vary
from situation & where the respondents might not be ready to give required and accurate
information. Freight forwarders and exporters should be aware of all the important processes
involved in the documentation, The study aims to understand the employee satisfaction in Svarad
logistics which covers the various work schedule , remuneration developing overtime allowance ,
work freedom job position etc.. The scope is to understand the employee satisfaction. The study is
conducted at Svarad logistics covering 50 employees and data collected based on the questionnaire
prepared.

23
 CHAPTER-2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Roseanne Bottone and Roger Marksin their article titled, "9 1/2 HAZMAT
AIR SHIPPING ERRORS TO AVOID".
This paper highlights the current state of the industry, including the dynamics and opportunity for
growth, globally in general, in particular, based on findings from the survey of logistics service
providers, and users of countries.

ErezSchaninin his article titled, "Common Shipping Mistakes and How

to Avoid Them".
This paper highlights the documentation's major errors and how to avoid those mistakes
gives tips and general mistakes and solutions for every freight forwarders and exporters.

DOCUMENTATION:

Export and import are essential for the needs of the people and the economy of the
country. The basic process for this is documentation. Freight forwarders have to work on various
techniques and problems. Likewise, forwarders should know how to deal with any problems.

9 1/2 HAZMAT AIR SHIPPING ERRORS TO AVOID by Roseanne Bottone

and Roger Marks

To safely ship hazardous materials by any mode of transport, attention to detail is crucial. This is
especially true when preparing hazmat air shipments. From special marks and labels used only for
air transport to extra requirements for shipping papers, the rules for shipping hazmat by air are
more stringent than the ground regulations—for good reason.

If every detail is not in order, a carrier may reject a hazmat shipment outright. If the package is
accepted, it may be delayed later in transit due to confusion or suspicion. In the worst-case
scenario, a hazmat incident in the air can result in an emergency landing, destroyed cargo, and
24
even massive loss of life as seen in the ValuJet disaster of 1996. A new edition of the IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) takes effect on January 1, 2020, giving hazmat air shippers
another batch of significant changes to be aware of.

Below we cover 9 (and a half!) frequent errors to avoid–and details to keep in mind–when
preparing hazmat air shipments. Spelling Counts, Subsidiary Hazards, Subsidiary Hazards,
Limited Quantity Marking, Label Placement, Use Current Marks and Labels, Not All Consumer
Commodities Fly, Shipping Papers: Quantity per Package, Orientation Arrows, Cargo Aircraft
Label, Type of packaging

Erez Schanin Said in his article on mistakes of documentation

When moving freight is an everyday operation, proper execution is a must. It can be easy to
overlook the following mistakes, resulting in unwanted and unnecessary organizational spending
and headaches. Improper packaging, inaccurate shipment weight, inaccurate freight class,
Shipment services, relying on a single carrier for all shipments, delivery receipt, incorrect
address.

Brikend Aziri
Management Research and Practice 12/2011;
Employee Satisfaction represents one of the most complex areas facing today's managers when it
comes to managing their employees. Many studies have demonstrated an unusually large impact
on job satisfaction on the motivation of workers, while the level of motivation has an impact on
productivity, and hence also on the performance of business organizations. Unfortunately, in our
region, job satisfaction has not still received the proper attention from neither scholars nor
managers of various business organizations.

Allen and Meyer, 1996; Karrasch, 2003;

Organization commitment can be defined as the affiliation of employees to the organization and
involvement in it. In general, there are three dimensions of commitment which are continuance
commitment, affective commitment, and normative commitment.

25
Goyal (1995)
Determined the extent of employee satisfaction experienced by textile workers due to primarily
the statutory labor welfare facilities provided in the private, public and co-operative textile sectors
in Punjab, the awareness and implementation of these labor welfare facilities and their correlation
with job satisfaction, including the relationship between labor welfare and job satisfaction.

Srivastava (2004)
The Impact of Labour Welfare on Employees Attitudes and Job Satisfaction, a comparative study
was conducted on workers in the private and public sectors of Kanpur city. The researcher
attempted to assess the quality of labor welfare activities; measure the degree of job satisfaction of
workers provided with labor welfare facilities in private and public sectors and evaluates the
attitudes of workers towards management in both the sectors.

AlamSageer, Dr. SameenaRafat, Ms. Puja Agarwal

ISSN: 2278-487X. Volume 5, Issue 1 (Sep-Oct. 2012), PP 32-39 Employee satisfaction is the
terminology used to describe whether employees are happy, contented, and fulfilling their desires
and needs at work. Many measures support that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee
motivation, employee goal achievement, and positive employee morale in the workplace
Employee satisfaction is a measure of how happy workers are with their job and working
environment. In this paper various variables responsible for employee satisfaction has been
discussed such as Organization development factors, Job security factors, Work task factors,
policies of compensation and benefit factor and opportunities which give satisfaction to employees
such as Promotion and career development also has been described This paper also deals with the
various ways by which one can improve employee satisfaction.

HalilZaimSelimZaim Fatih

University, TURKEY Employee satisfaction is considered to be a critical success factor for

organizations. The concept of employee satisfaction has gained a special concern from both
academicians and practitioners. This study aims to provide a framework for employee

26
satisfaction and determine the critical factors of employee satisfaction and to measure their
effect on overall evaluation of employee satisfaction in small and medium-sized enterprises
(SME) based on the data collected from Turkey. Data analysis revealed that there is a positive
relationship between the each factor of employee satisfaction which is named satisfaction from
pay and benefits (P&B), satisfaction from peers (P), satisfaction from management (M),
satisfaction from a working environment (WE), satisfaction from superior (S) and overall
employee loyalty in SMEs.

Furthermore, relevant recommendations and measures for improving employee satisfaction

are proposed.

Judge, Timothy A.; Thoresen, Carl J.; Bono, Joyce E.; Patton, Gregory
K.Psychological Bulletin, Vol 127(3), May 2001, Database: Psyc articles

A qualitative and quantitative review of the relationship between job satisfaction and job
performance is provided. The qualitative review is organized around 7 models that characterize
past research on the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. Although some
models have received more support than have others, research has not provided conclusive
confirmation or discontinuation of any model, partly because of a lack of assimilation and
integration in the literature.

27
 CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO STUDY

A systematized study requires proper planning implementation of the same. So, the research design
includes an outline of the study, which was conducted at Dragon Express Freight Pt. Lad, Chennai
The design of the study contains information stating the statement of the problem, objectives of
the study, need for the study, and scope of the study, research methodology, and sources of data,
tools, and techniques of data collection, plan of analysis, limitations of the study and operational
definitions of the concepts.

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non-probability. In probability samples,

each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected. Probability
methods include random sampling. Systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. In non-
probability sampling, members are selected from the population in some non-random manner.
These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling.
The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be calculated. Sampling error is
the degree to which a sample might differ from the population. When inferring to the population,
results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In non-probability sampling, the degree to
which the sample differs from the population remains unknown. In order to assess the mistakes of
documentations, a survey was conducted among different workers of the company. Primary data
was collected through questionnaire and the secondary data was collected from journals, articles
websites, and broachers.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:

The research process used for the study is ―Descriptive in nature.

The study was based on questioner method. The aim of the study is to find the satisfaction level of
the employees.

28
3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES:

The sampling method used for the study is the ―Census method. Because the
Company has limited employees therefore the research survey most the employees,

Customers are classified as,

• Exporters
• Importers
• Transporters
• Value-added services
3.3 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN:

• Open questionnaires
PERIOD OF STUDY

The study was conducted in a period of three months from Feb to March 2021.

SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size of this study is fifty respondents

DATA COLLECTION

The data collection is the activity of gathering facts of information about a subject in a research
study.

Methods of data collection

Primary data

Primary data are those, which are collected as fresh and for the first time and happen to
be original in nature. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was
given to different freight forwarders in the company to get information regarding services rendered

29
by the freight forwarder, with different modes of services and business levels of the company
which were collected with the questionnaire.

Secondary data

Secondary data is collected from the number of standard textbooks; journals and reports
were referred to formulate the theoretical model for the study.

Questionnaire Design

A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from respondents; various types of

questions are prepared to collect the information from the respondents. The questionnaire contains
a few questions which are multiple, open-ended, and close-ended types of questions.

3.4 STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Percentage analysis
PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

Percentage analysis is one of the basic statistical tools which is widely used in the
analysis and interpretation of primary data. It deals with the number of respondents response to a
particular question is percentage arrived from the total population selected for the study Percentage
analysis refers to a special kind rates, percentage are used in making comparison between two or
more series of data. A percentage is used to determine the relationship between the series.

No of respondents
Percentage analysis = ----------------------------- X 100
Total respondents

30
3.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

There are certain limitations, even though this project work has been planned carefully
and executed properly, which could not be avoided. These limitations are of inheritance than those
committed during the course.

The following are some of the limitations:

1. One of the major limitations was the time factor, since the time was very limited; it was
very difficult in gathering a data.

2. The study was not universal; it is confined to activities of Svarad logistics India Private
Ltd.

3. Most number of the freight forwarding companies in Chennai are surveyed and few
numbers of companies have not given the data information back, therefore the sample size was
limited.

4. This is subject to the basis and prejudices for the respondents, hence 100% of accuracy
cannot be assured

5. The period of study was too short. So it was not possible to collect the relevant information
with in that period.

6. The finding are based on the answers given the employees, so any error or bias may be
affect the validity of the finding.

31
Bill of Lading

A bill of lading is one of the most important documents in the shipping industry. The bill of
lading is a legally binding document providing the driver and the carrier all the details needed to
process the freight shipment and invoice it correctly. A bill of lading must be completed and
provided to the shipper when your freight is to be picked up. The following is the information that
must be included in the bill of lading:

• Shipper‘s and receiver‘s also known as consignee‘s names and complete

addresses.
• Purchase Order or special account numbers used between businesses for order
tracking.
• Special instructions for the carrier to ensure prompt delivery.
• The date of the shipment.
• The number of shipping units.
• Type of packaging, including cartons, pallets, skids and drums.
• A note if the commodity is a Department of Transportation hazardous material.
Special rules and requirements apply when you are shipping hazardous
materials.
• A description of the items being shipped, include the material of manufacture
and common name.
• The NMFC freight classification for the items being shipped.
• The exact weight of the shipment. If multiple commodities are being shipped,
then the weight of each commodity is listed separately.
• The declared value of the goods being shipped.

32
International Side
Most of our content focuses on North American understandings of terms and documents
related to freight, transportation, and logistics. However, we do have some readers who are
shipping modes such as ocean, rail, and air. A highly respected Supply Chain consultant, we want
to also include some other notes as it relates to the bill of lading.

The following acronyms can also include details around the bill of lading:

• Ocean bill of lading.

• Airway bill of Lading.
• ProBill: In use for Ground Transport Service mainly for trucks.
Generally an OBL is a contract of carriage, but even with various geographic locations, the terms
that we use in North America are different to other places. For example, an OBL (to some) is an
ocean bill of lading; whereas to steamship lines this is the original bill of lading, which needs to
be presented for the goods to be moved off the Wharf to the warehouse.

Importance of the Bill of Lading Form

As noted previously, the bill of lading is a legal contract and can be used in litigation. That
in itself then says, and must be understood by those using a bill of lading form in the process of
shipping freight, that the bill of lading accuracy and use is one of the most important things you
can do to run your logistics department effectively.

A Bill of Lading has 3 basic purposes or roles:

1. Evidence of Contract of Carriage

2. Receipt of Goods and

3. Document of Title

Evidence of Contract of Carriage:

Many people think that a bill of lading is a contract between the Seller and the
Buyer and many also think that a bill of lading is a contract of carriage between the Carrier and
Shipper. However, this is not entirely correct. The contract between a buyer and seller was already
established when the buyer placed the order with the seller and they both discussed and agreed
(verbally or in writing) the what, where, when, how and how much of the transaction in detail. The
contract between a shipper and the carrier was already established when the shipper or their third
party logistics provider made a booking with the carrier to carry the freight from A to B. The bill
of lading is the EVIDENCE of the contract of carriage entered into between the “Carrier” and the

33
“Shipper or Freight Owner” in order to carry out the transportation of the freight as per the contract
between the buyer and the seller.

Receipt of Goods:
A bill of lading is issued by the carrier or their third party logistics provider to the shipper or 3PL
in exchange for the receipt of the freight. The issuance of the bill of lading is proof that the carrier
has received the goods from the shipper or their 3PL in apparent good order and condition, as
handed over by the shipper.

Document of Title:
Technically it means that whoever is the holder of the bill of lading has the title to the goods
(rights to claim the goods). However, this title varies according to the way in which the bill of
lading has been consigned, which we will discuss in detail below.

Consequences of Not Used or Inaccurate Bill of Lading

One of the most costly and obvious consequences of not using or filling out a bill of lading
inaccurately is that you most likely won‘t get your product to your desired recipient, but the main
consequences are:

• Exposure to Claims: For example, if the bill of lading indicates that the goods were
loaded in good order and condition, but the consignee receives them at the destination
in a damaged condition, the consignee will be entitled to make a claim for the damage
against the bill of lading carrier. Thus, if the information is not accurate, it will be
difficult to get your full freight claim paid as you won‘t have the right information to
recover the cost of damage. Another example might be that the bill of lading said there
were 100 boxes but only 90 arrived. The consignee will be entitled to make a claim
against the bill of lading carrier for the shortage.

• Loss of the right to limit liability

• Loss of P&I cover
• Loss of the right of indemnity from the charterer
• Criminal prosecution
Solutions to Ensure Your Bill of Lading is Correct:
Employ a transportation management system and the services of a third-party logistics provider.
Using a Transportation Management System, such as the Cerasis Rater, takes all the data entry
points freight forwarders must-have in a bill of lading and has them as easily filled out guided fills
to decrease the chance of error. The TMS also stores the documents, allows you to email them,
34
and print them for ease of use! Additionally, if you have a provider, like Cerasis, that includes
freight claims services for the employee, that bill of lading is then easily used to make claims
easier. Use a Consistent and Standard Bill of Lading, There are many online bills of lading forms
you can download from the internet, but once you choose one, make sure you use the same one so
you are familiar and so are your consignees. Triple Check Before Signing: before you sign, the
easiest thing you can do is triple check all of the information that needs to be in the bill of lading
(as outlined above) is accurate. It‘s your signature on a legal document, so it‘s vital to check. Errors
on your Bill of Lading can cause delays in your delivery and payment, result in the denial of claims,
and produce costs or penalties that threaten your company's bottom line. Always remember to
double-check the accuracy of your information and provide as many details as possible.

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN
There is no standardized certificate of origin (CO) form for global trade, but a CO, normally
prepared by the exporter of goods, has at least the basic details about the product being shipped, a
tariff code, the exporter and importer, and the country of origin. The exporter, with knowledge of
the specific requirements of border control at the importing country, will document these details,
get the CO notarized by a chamber of commerce, and submit the form with the shipment. Detail
requirements depend on the type of goods being exported and where they are going.

Certificate of Origin is one of the required documents for import customs clearance in most of the
importing countries. ... Certificate of origin is the document, certifying the origin of the country
wherein the export goods are procured and manufactured originally.

Why are Certificate of Origin Important

1. Customs:

• Traceability and Security of the goods entering a country ensured.

• Taxes & Duties applicable determined upon the goods

• Rely on Chambers expertise in certification rules and procedures.

2. Chambers:

• Issued by Chambers of Commerce

• Expertise in globally accepted certification rules and procedures.

• Recognized as credible trusted third parties and legitimate authorities.

35
3. Exporters:

• Easier and faster Customs clearance.

• Productivity gains for companies.

Types of Certificate of Origin

There are two categories of Certificate of Origin, preferential and non-preferential.

Preferential Certificate of Origin

Rules of origin are the criteria needed to determine the national source of a product. Their
importance is derived from the fact that duties and restrictions in several cases depend upon the
source of imports. The arrangement/scheme under which India is receiving tariff preferences for
its exports are:

• Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

• Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP)
• SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA)
• Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)
• India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISLFTA)
• Indo-Thailand Free Trade Agreement
• India-Malaysia Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement
(IMCECA)

• India-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)

• India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IJCEPA)
• ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement
These preferential arrangements/agreements prescribe Rules of Origin which have to be met for
exports to be eligible for tariff preference. Authorized Agencies on charging a fee as prescribed by
them provide services relating to the issue of Certificate of Origin, including details regarding rules
of origin, list of items covered by an agreement, extent of tariff preference, verification, and
certification of eligibility. Export Inspection Council (EIC) is one such agency.

36
Non Preferential Certificate of Origin
Non-preferential Rules of Origin are the instruments used to determine the
“Nationality” of a good when entering a country. The country of import is then entitled to request
a certificate of origin to prove the non-preferential origin of the goods imported. Exporters desiring
Non-preferential Certificate of Origin may apply with the following documents:

• Details of quantum/origin of inputs/consumables used in export product.

• Two copies of Invoices
• Packing List in duplicate for concerned invoice
• Fee not exceeding Rs.100 per certificate as may be prescribed by concerned agency.
The Concerned agency would ensure that goods are of Indian origin as per general principles
governing rules of origin before granting a Non-Preferential Certificate of Origin.

COST
The Chamber is authorized by Government to issue Certificates of Origin for goods exported from
India. This facility is offered to members as well as non-members at a nominal fee. Trade
Agreements between various countries allow allotment of imports of a certain quantity of a
particular article/commodity from a specified country e.g. coffee imports into European countries.
Some Trade Agreements allow preferential treatment of customs duties if the article/commodity
is imported from specific countries e.g. UK and Commonwealth countries. The country of origin
of the goods becomes necessary either for assessing the quantity or for customs formalities. In
these cases, invariably the contracting Governments are required to specify certifying agencies in
their respective countries to issue certificate of origin under Article 11 of the International
Convention relating to the simplification of the Customs formalities signed at Geneva in 1923. The
Government of India issued in 1958 a list of Chambers of Commerce and Trade Associations in
India authorized to issue the certificates of origin and Madras Chamber of Commerce & Industry
is one of them. The Chamber issues certificates of origin to members as well as non-members and
there is no distinction in the form of the certificate or the method of issue as between members and
non-members. The fee charged for the issue of a certificate is:

Rs.89/- per set consisting of 5 copies + Service Tax (for members)

Rs.100/- per set consisting of 5 copies + Service Tax (for non-members)

The certificate of origin issued by the Chamber contains all particulars such as the name of the
exporter, goods, quantity, marks, destination, the vessel in which exported, date of shipment, etc.

37
The Chamber also certifies/attests to other documents such as invoice, packing list, agency
agreements, etc. on payment of a nominal fee.

CONCLUSION IN CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

Freight Forwarders should be careful in importing. They also need to know in advance
which countries need a certificate of origin. If not, it will cost time and money depreciation.

COMMERCIAL INVOICE
The commercial invoice is one of the most important documents in international trade
and ocean freight shipping. It is a legal document issued by the seller (exporter) to the buyer
(importer) in an international transaction and serves as a contract and a proof of sale between the
buyer and seller. Unlike the Bill of Lading, the commercial invoice does not indicate the ownership
of goods nor does it carry a title to the goods being sold. It is, however, required for customs
clearance purposes to calculate and assess the duties and taxes due. The commercial invoice details
the price(s), value, and quantity of the goods being sold. It should also include the trade or sale
conditions agreed upon by both buyer and seller of the transaction being carried out.

It may also be required for payment purposes (such as in the event of payment via Letter of Credit
and may need to be produced by the buyer to its bank to instruct the release of funds to the seller
for payment.

Information required on a commercial invoice for shipping

When filling out a commercial invoice, it is extremely important to make sure that
information is clearly and accurately filled out.

Information related to the transaction

• Invoice number

• Invoice date

• Order number

• Total sale amount

• Currency

• Payment instructions

38
Information related to the exporter and importer
• Exporter/seller information (name, address, phone number, etc.)

• Exporter/seller‘s tax identification number (eg. VAT, EORI, etc.)

• Importer/buyer information (name, address, phone number, etc.)

• Importer/buyer‘s tax identification number (eg. VAT, EORI, etc.)

• Notify party‘s information

Information related to the shipping of the merchandise

• Bill of Lading number

• Forwarding agent

• HS code

• Clear description of goods (no. of packages, units, weight, etc.)

• Inco-term under which the merchandise has been sold

• Origin of merchandise

• Insurance

• Date of exportation, means of transport, and final destination

• Shipper‘s signature

Risks of not filling out a commercial invoice accurately:

It is a legal requirement to fill out a commercial invoice accurately. Failure to do so may
result in lengthy hold-ups and shipping delay costs. Given that a commercial invoice is also used
for customs declaration purposes, any misinformation may lead to underpayment of the correct
amount of duties and taxes due and their legal ramifications.

39
Shipping delay charges: The storage misconception
When it comes to clearance delays, importers and exporters seem to throw around three terms
interchangeably: demurrage fees, detention fees, and per diem. From common usage, it may seem
like they all mean storage when they, in fact, do not. If an international shipment stays beyond a
certain amount of allowed free time at a site, you face storage charges. That includes ports, airline
terminals, rail facilities, or a bonded warehouse. The storage fee compensates the facility for the
use of their space and equipment, i.e. a container taking up space or blocking processing. The
amount of free days and the charge for storage will differ from one facility to another. This is often
also based on the volume freight forwarder is passing through the facility.

Demurrage charges
Steamship lines and airlines will charge you demurrage fees to compensate for the use of their
shipping containers (some airlines use containers for air freight). You are granted a limited number
of free days, depending on the carrier and the location. After exporting free time runs out, you will
be charged demurrage fees for each additional day. These charges tend to increase per day after
exceeding a certain amount of days. Demurrage charges are in place to discourage using the
provided containers for storage and to compensate for container usage. Before you pick up the
international shipment, you must pay all demurrage charges in full. The fee may differ greatly from
carrier to carrier and from port to port. Here’s an example of demurrage fees: You have 7 days of
free container usage. After that, a charge of $100 per day applies for 3 days. From 4 to 10 days,
the fee rises to $250 and finally to $350 for any day exceeding ten days.

Detention charges
Detention fees usually apply to domestic trucking. The trucking or drayage company bills you for
the so-called detention of their trucker or driver in cases. This happens when the loading or
unloading of company shipments or containers takes too long. Detention fees are billed at an hourly
rate. You can usually expect a free time or grace period of around one to two hours for loading or
unloading a container. But this will depend on whether it is a domestic shipment or destined for
import or export. A trucking company will also charge detention fees if their drayman/trucker has
to wait until the loading/unloading of a shipment. This will happen in cases of congestion at the
facility - when a port of railroad dock is busy. Demurrage charges due to extreme congestion form,
unfortunately, a frustrating part of international shipments. You have to pay these fees even though
the congestion is beyond your control or that of your freight forwarder.

A second definition of detention can be a storage charge. A carrier may call it detention when you
leave a container shipment beyond a certain amount of free time at the terminal. The common
name for this case is Per Diem.

40
Per Diem charges
Per Diem charges (from the Latin, meaning per day) applies when you require the use of equipment
beyond a set amount of free time. Steamship lines and airlines charge these per diem charges, and
equipment includes ocean containers and unit load devices (ULD). You have some free days,
depending on the equipment and the carrier, before per diem charges kick in. With imports, the
charge applies to cargo leaving the arrival terminal. With exports, it applies to shipments leaving
the departing terminal. Per Diem charges accumulate until you return the equipment to the terminal
of the port, rail yard dock, or airline.

Our invoice is not merely a method of receiving money for services or products rendered. This is
a beginner forwarder of opportunity to show professionalism, courteousness, and transparency -
three things any customer would appreciate. Take the time to create invoices that sell forwarding
business. Be aware of the common mistakes that can happen when invoicing company customers.
Make every effort to steer clear of that trap

PACKING LIST
A packing list is a document that includes details about the contents of a package. The
packing list is intended to let transport agencies, government authorities, and customers know the
contents of the package. These details help each of these parties handle the package accordingly.

Contents of a packing list

A packing list is expresses the contents of a package, along with details about the quantity,
description, and weight of these contents. A packing list is created by the seller and sent to where
the goods are located in order to have an accurate tally of the sent goods. Once the goods have
been tallied and packed, the list is sent along with them to their destination.

A Packing List provides you with information about your shipment and requires your signature
upon the receipt of your goods. It is only required when shipped goods are packed into larger units
(eg, a container or an aircraft console).

A Packing List shows how the goods were packed for inspection and shipping purposes. It includes
information about:

• Date

• Shipper/exporter contact information

• Consignee contact information

• Address at origin country of the cargo

• Address at destination country of the cargo

41
 • Total amount of packages

• Detailed description of each package

• Volume and weight of each package

• Volume and weight of total shipment

• Commercial invoice number related to the shipment

The form is completed by the exporter, although your freight forwarder will complete it if the
goods are re-packaged at their warehouse.

THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR ON A SHIPPING PACKING LIST

When shipping B2B, it is required to include the monetary amount for all items being sent.
This allows customs to assess the value and ensure that the correct number of items are accounted
for. Once the shipment arrives at the origin port and the destination, it will be weighed and
measured. Making sure this information is correct on the shipping packing list is vital. This can
cause major delays, especially because the shipment cannot be moved until this information is
verified to be correct. The shipping packing list should always be filled out with care and detail. It
can be the difference between a speedy release at the port and weeks of delays and thousands of
dollars in delay fees.

Advance Preparation
Several weeks in advance of shipment, our freight forwarder, customs broker, bank, and customer
needs to indicate how many copies they need and where each copy needs to be attached and
distributed. Employees should always make three or four extra copies of the packing list for your
files, just in case. If the forwarder decides to process shipment documentation online, select the
appropriate packing list option, and then contact all parties involved in the international sale to
determine if your packing list needs to be signed. Because any mistake on the packing list may
cause a delay in clearance at the port of destination, make sure to follow all the necessary steps to
ensure you get it right the first time.

AIR WAYBILL (AWB)

An air waybill (AWB) is a document that accompanies goods shipped by an international air
courier to provide detailed information about the shipment and allow it to be tracked. The bill has
multiple copies so that each party involved in the shipment can document it. An air waybill (AWB),
also known as an air consignment note, is a type of bill of lading. However, an AWB serves a
similar function to ocean bills of lading, but an AWB is issued in non-negotiable form, meaning
there's less protection with an AWB versus bills of lading.

42
Understanding an Air Waybill (AWB)
An air waybill (AWB) serves as a receipt of goods by an airline (the carrier), as well as
a contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier. It‘s a legal agreement that‘s enforceable
by law. The AWB becomes an enforceable contract when the shipper (or shipper's agent) and
carrier (or carrier's agent) both sign the document. The airway bill will also contain the shipper's
name and address, consignee's name and address, three-letter origin airport code, three letter
destination airport code, declared shipment value for customs, number of pieces, gross weight, a
description of the goods, and any special instructions (e.g., "perishable"). An AWB also contains
the conditions of the contract that describe the carrier's terms and conditions, such as its liability
limits and claims procedures, a description of the goods, and applicable charges.

• An airway bill or AWB is a document that accompanies goods shipped by an international

courier, which allows for tracking.

• It serves as a receipt of goods by an airline, as well as a contract of carriage between the

shipper and the carrier. It‘s a legal agreement that‘s enforceable by law.

• AWBs are non-negotiable instruments and must include the shipper's name and address,
consignee's name and address, destination airport, and value of contents, among other
things.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) designs and distributes air waybills. There are
two types of AWBs—and airline-specific one and a neutral one. Each airline AWB must include
the carrier‘s name, head office address, logo, and air waybill number. Neutral air waybills have
the same layout and format as airline AWBs; they just aren‘t prepopulated. An air waybill has 11
numbers and came with eight copies of varying colors. With the Multilateral Electronic Air
Waybill Resolution 672, paper airway bills are no longer required. Dubbed the eAWB, it‘s been
in use since 2010 and became the default contract for all air cargo shipments on enabled trade lines
as of 2019.

Svarad logistics freight forwarders offering a consolidation service, will issue its own air waybill.
From now on AWB will be used to refer to both. This is called a Forwarder's or House AWB with
its equivalent House BL. These act as contracts of carriage between the shipper and the forwarder,
who in this case becomes a Deemed Carrier. The forwarder in turn enters into contracts with one
or more carriers, often using more than one mode of transportation. The contract of carriage
between the forwarder and carrier is called a Master Air Waybill. A House Air Waybill (HAWB)
could act as a multimodal transport document.

HAWB and MAWB

When a shipper books cargo with a freight forwarder by air, he issues a document of receipt of
goods from shipper which is called House airway Bill (HAWB).

43
In turn, the freight forwarder books the same cargo with the main airline carrier and he obtains
Master airway bill (MAWB or MBL) under the said shipment.

So, HAWB act as contracts of carriage between the shipper and the forwarder, who in this case
becomes a Deemed Carrier, and the contract of carriage between the forwarder and carrier is called
a Master Air Waybill. A House Air Waybill or Bill of Lading could act as a multimodal transport
document.

Consequences of Airway Bill:

After the arrival of goods at import destination customs location, the importer arranges to file the
bill of entry and other required documents with customs to complete necessary import customs
formalities. Once after completion of such a bill of entry formalities, the customs department of an
importing country permits importer to take delivery of cargo after paying necessary charges if any
to the custodian of goods, carriers, etc.

The custodian delivers goods to the consignee/importer after confirming the match of marks and
numbers mentioned in documents and on packages. If any changes in marking HAWB or other
reference details, custodian of cargo do not deliver import packages to the consignee without
proper confirmation.

Marking and labelling play an important role in the import-export business. If HAWB differs,
chances are there in delay of receiving goods due to confusion in loading at different points of
transit. The consignee cannot take delivery unless the importer gets the necessary permission from
the customs department and from the custodian of cargo. The carrier or his agent who issued House
Airway Bill (HAWB) has to provide a declaration and request letter to customs and custodian of
cargo mentioning the ‗AWB number on the parcel‘ and correct ‗AWB number to be amended‘.
After verifying physically by the customs official, permit to take delivery of cargo, once after the
approval of custodian of goods. So, marks and numbers play another role in the shipping of import
and export trade. If any changes in marks and numbers in documents with actually marked on
parcels/packages, the carrier/custodian may hold shipment to deliver till rectifying such issues by
filing necessary applications with necessary authorities. Also, this industry experts generally gives
some mistakes (Errors) and solutions about documentation these include,

1. Not Double-Checking The Shipping Information and Documents

So simple and basic, however, you'd be surprised at how often freight agents and their customers
lose money because they don't double-check the shipping information or accompanying documents
they‘re providing within the shipping network. This can extend from the freight agent themselves
to the carrier dispatcher to the truck driver to the pick-up location to the delivery location.

Mistakes in load information and the actual shipping paperwork can cause big delays and big
bucks. Double-check that packing lists, commercial invoices, and original bills of lading are
correctly and completely filled out in a timely fashion diminishes these mistakes.
44
2. Mis-Timing A Time Sensitive Shipment
Timing is typically EVERYTHING and it‘s extremely important in shipping your customer‘s
freight as well. Properly timing a time-sensitive shipment can be tricky for the inexperienced.
Mistiming a shipment is a common shipping mistake, especially for first-time freight sales agents
when the transit time is crucial. Perhaps you‘ve covered a load that must pick up NOW! You get
a quote and find out the transit time alone is longer than your customer wishes to wait for it. A
serious problem may arise if you‘ve promised the goods sooner than expected.

A common situation new shippers find themselves in is receiving a freight rate quote and thinking
the quote is good forever only to find out that it has expired. When it comes to timing the shipping
of your loads, the timeline for loading, in transit time, and receiving time cut-offs are among things
that must be considered. As a general rule, freight rate pricing quotes are only good for several
days for domestic shipments, so lock down your rate several days before you ship.

3. Choosing the Wrong Shipping Method

Freight sales agents MUST choose the correct shipping method for their customer‘s requirements.
The 3 common forms of shipping most forms of commodities is by flatbed, reefer or dry van
trailers. All of these trailers can travel over the road or by railroad. However, as a general
guideline, over the road tends to be more expensive than rail shipping, but it is much faster.
Consider the time element of your shipments. If shipments must be delivered more quickly, an
over the road trailer type is the best shipping method for you. With larger shipments that are not
time-sensitive, shipping by rail is your best choice, provided your customer agrees with it.

4. Not Getting The Correct Cargo Insurance

Shipping happens and sometimes shipping happens to go wrong. Failing to properly insure your
cargo could be very costly in the case that something goes wrong during the transport of it. Among
the dangers of shipping are cargo gets wet or rained on, truck and trailer wrecks, loads are held
hostage, goods are stolen or damaged in transit.

Make it safer (and I typically don‘t agree with it) by having your goods professionally packed in
or on the shipping trailers when the cargo is of a special variety. Although an added cost, without
professionally packed cargo, the odds of damage to your goods dramatically increase and this is
positive when your goods don‘t qualify for cargo insurance.

5. Choosing The Carrier With The Cheapest Rate

This is the most common mistake in any form of shipping. When most shippers look for a freight
forwarder, shipping company or a freight broker, they often choose based on who gives the
cheapest freight rate quote. Often, the cheapest freight rates come from inexperienced freight
forwarders or shipping companies or are accompanied by hidden fees.

45
Obviously, ask anyone if price is important, but service and experience are much more important
factors to consider when choosing a freight forwarder or shipping company.

A shipping company that doesn‘t have the experience and know-how to handle complications that
may arise in and through the shipping process could cause costly detention delays, other fees, and
potential lost cargo that often far outweigh the difference in freight rates that your customer pays
you.

6. Stop Building Your Contact List

Here‘s Your Sure Fire Mistake That Leads To FAILURE:

• Don‘t obtain any new contacts, emails, or phone numbers daily.

• Don‘t build your contact list.
• Only send emails, rather than use the phone, if you do make any contact.
• Believe that your customers will stay loyal and always work with you.
• Only service the current customers that you have. Coast and rest on what you have.

When you produce this way, here‘s what you‘ll eventually get:

• Few or zero loads moving

• No growth in your sales
• Unpaid bills sitting on your desk

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 CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Data Analysis the process of gathering, modelling, and transforming data with the
goal of achieving the target, highlighting the useful information, suggesting conclusions, and
finally drawing out the suggestions. It is an important stage in the research process as it explores
the quantitative and qualitative data.

Errors in freight documentation's are usually, Bill of lading, certificate of origin, commercial
invoice, packing list, airway bill. This should, therefore, be the main focus on freight forwarders.

Questions which were asked to Employees in Svarad logistics

1. Overall, how satisfied are you working for the company?

Table 4.1
Dissatisfied 5%
Very Dissatisfied 5%
Somewhat Dissatisfied 10%
Neutral 10%
Somewhat Satisfied 20%

47
Figure 4.1 satisfaction level

Satisfaction level
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Extremely Very Somewhat Neutral Somewhat Extremely
Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied

Interpretation:
50% of the employees are extremely satisfied with their working condition.20% are not so
satisfied with their working condition.5%are extremely dissatisfied with their working condition.

48
2. To what extent do you agree with the working condition?

Table 4.2
Disagree completely 3%
Strongly Disagree 7%
Somewhat Disagree 15%
Somewhat Agree 15%
Strongly Agree 20%
Agree completely 40%

Figure 4.2 Working condition

Working condition
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Disagree Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Agree Agree
Completely Disagree Disagree Agree Completely

Interpretation:
Almost 40% of the employees are satisfied with the present working conditions
andenvironment.20% of the employees agree with their work condition. And so on.

49
3. Are you satisfied with the salary paid to you?

Table 4.3
YES 85%

NO 15%

Figure 4.3satisfaction with salary

Satisfaction with wages

YES
NO

Interpretation:
85 percent of the employees are satisfied with the salary paid to them. Only 15percent of the
employees feel that there should be a hike in salary paid to them.

50
4. Do you have any incentives wage scheme for efficient work on your organization?

Table 4.4
YES 80%
NO 20%

Figure 4.4 incentives wage scheme

Incentives wage scheme

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES NO

Interpretation:
80 percent of the employees feel that there should be an incentive wage scheme for efficient work
in the organization.

51
5. What I like best about working for the Company

65% of the employees told that they were like the most about the company is that the company's
rules and regulations are motivated them to work and stay in the organization.

25% of the employees told that they were like to do work with their subordinates and superiors.
They are too supportive in critical situation.

10% of the employees felt that company's wage scheme is good for them.

52
6. How many years have you been with the company?

Table 4.6
Less than a year 5%
1-3 year 10%
4-6 year 10%
More than 6 years 75%

Figure 4.6 years have been with the company

More than 6 years

4-6 Year

1-3 Year

Less than a year

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Interpretation:
75% of the employees were more than six years have been with the company.

53
7. Is the management helpful and sympathetic to your problems in workstation?
Table 4.7
To some extent 60%
To large extent 40%

Figure 4.7 Management helpful and sympathetic to problems in workstation

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
To some extent To large extent

Interpretation:
60% of the employees feel that the management is sympathetic to some extent in their problems
faced at workstation.

54
8. Are you satisfied with the facilities provided to you?

Table 4.8
To some extent 5%
To large extent 95%

Figure 4.8 Satisfaction with facility

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
To some extent To large extent

Interpretation:
Almost all the employees are satisfied with facilities provided with the organization.

55
9. Satisfaction of employees in training

Table 4.9
NO. OF RESPONDENTS PRECENTAGE
Highly satisfactory 11 24%
Satisfied 20 40%
Dissatisfied 18 36%
total 50 100%

Figure 4.9 Satisfaction of Employees in Training

25

20

15

10

0
Highly satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 24% of employees are highly satisfied in training and 36% of employees are
dissatisfied and 40% are satisfied.

56
10. Opinion of employees in business institution

Table 4.10
OPINION NO OF RESPONDENTS PRECENTAGE
Good 36 72%
Bad 8 16%
Average 6 12%
Total 50 100%

Figure 4.10 Opinion of Employees in Business Institution

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Good Bad Average

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 72% of employees had good opinion about the business institution measure
and 16% had bad opinion, same time 12% employees had average opinion.

57
11. Satisfactory Level Of Employees Leave Provided
Table 4.11
SATISFACTORY NO OF PRECENTAGE
LEVEL RESPONDENTS
Highly Satisfactory 20 40%
Satisfied 22 44%
Dissatisfied 8 16%
Total 50 100%

Figure 4.11
25

20

15

10 NO OF RESPONDENTS

0
Highly Satisfied Dissatisfied
Satisfactory

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 40% of employee highly satisfied in their leave provided. 44% are satisfied
and 16% dissatisfied.

58
12. Showing whether employees to get any chance to be involved with goal and
image

Table 4.12
OPINION NO OF RESPONDENTS PRECENTAGE
Yes 14 28%
No 6 12%
Can't say 30 60%
Total 50 100%

Figure 4.12 Showing whether employees to get any chance to be involved with
goal and image

35

30

25

20

15 NO OF RESPONDENTS
10

0
Yes No Can't say

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 8% of employees to get chance to involved and identified with goal and
image 12% should not get chance and 60% of employees are not answered the question.

59
13. SATISFACTION LEVEL OF EMPLOYEES IN OVERALL ALLOWANCES

Table 4.13
OPINION NO OF PRECENTAGE
RESSPONDENTS
Yes 24 48%
No 16 32%
Can't say 10 20%
Total 50 100

Figure 4.13

NO OF RESSPONDENTS

20%
Yes
48% No
Can't say
32%

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 48% of employee say yes for the allowance and 20% says no and 32% can‘t
reply.

60
14. Showing whether the employees satisfied with work facilities provided by the
company

Table 4.14
Satisfactory Level No Of Respondents Percentage
Highly satisfactory 18 36%
Satisfied 20 40%
Dissatisfied 12 24%
Total 50 100

Figure 4.14 showing whether the employees satisfied with work facilities
provided by the company
45

40

35

30

25

20 NO OF RESPONDENTS

15

10

0
Highly satisfactory Satisfied Dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 36% of employees are highly satisfied and the work facilities provided by
the company. 20% are satisfied and 24% of employees are not satisfied.

61
15. Satisfactory level of employees in working relationship with their supervisor
Table 4.15
Satisfactory level No Of Respondents Percentage
Highly satisfactory 10 16%
Satisfied 38 74%
Dissatisfied 2 4%
Total 50 100

Figure 4.15 Satisfactory level of employees in working relationship with their

supervisor
80

70

60

50

40
NO OF RESPONDENTS
30

20

10

0
Highly satisfactory Satisfied Dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION
From the above table 16% of employees are highly satisfied and the working relationship with
their supervisor and 76% satisfied and 4% is dissatisfied.

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 CHAPTER-5

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

• Bill of lading and commercial invoice appear errors are created extensive problems. More
importantly, they need to focus on this process.
• The Svarad logistics freight forwarding most of the import and export process provide to
Apache Footwear India Pvt.
• The Documentation risk affects the growth of the customers’ business and also the
goodwill of the company.
• No delay in documentation due to experienced staff. However, beginning stage freight
forwarders do some mistakes.
• Many warning and alert systems are used by the company.
• 50% of the employees are extremely satisfied with their working condition.20% are not so
satisfied with their working condition.5%are extremely dissatisfied with their working
condition.
• Almost 40% of the employees are satisfied with the present working conditions
andenvironment.20% of the employees agree with their work condition. And so on.
• 85 percent of the employees are satisfied with the salary paid to them. Only 15percent of
the employees feel that there should be a hike in salary paid to them.
• 80 percent of the employees feel that there should be an incentive wage scheme for efficient
work in the organization.
• 72% of employees had good opinion about the business institution measure and 16% had
bad opinion, same time 12% employees had average opinion.
• 24% of employees are highly satisfied in training and 36% of employees are dissatisfied
and 40% are satisfied.
• 8% of employees to get chance to involved and identified with goal and image 12% should
not get chance and 60% of employees are not answered the question.

• 65% of the employees told that they were like the most about the company is that the
company’s rules and regulations are motivated them to work and stay in the organization.

• 25% of the employees told that they were like to do work with their subordinates and
superiors. They are too supportive in critical situation.
• 10% of the employees felt that company's wage scheme is good for them.
• 75% of the employees were more than six years have been with the company.

63
• 60% of the employees feel that the management is sympathetic to some extent in their
problems faced at workstation.
• Almost all the employees are satisfied with facilities provided with the organization.
• 72% of employees had good opinion about the business institution measure and 16% had
bad opinion, same time 12% employees had average opinion.
• 36% of employees are highly satisfied and the work facilities provided by the company.
20% are satisfied and 24% of employees are not satisfied.
• 16% of employees are highly satisfied and the working relationship with their supervisor
and 76% satisfied and 4% is dissatisfied.

64
 CHAPTER 6
SUGGESTION:

Suggestions are given based on the data collection and the observation .As per my observation
during the limited time of project duration denotes the forwarding department is efficient workers.
There are some vital steps which I suggest to take for further enrichment as follows:

• Lack of advertisements, so the company should advertise the services rendered by them
which will create awareness among the customers. (website need to some updates)
• Office staff are must have good communication and learn unity. Only then can it be
complete any documentation work quickly finish without error.
• By providing the exact needs & wants like their incentives, mentoring & appreciation
on time to get more involvement from the employees to build the value of the Firm to
the related job.
• The employees feel that the company policies are not able to protect the interest and
hence they should be changed.
• Majority of the employees feel that there should be an incentive wage Scheme for
efficient work in the organization
• The management should be more helpful and sympathetic towards the problem faced
by the workstation

65
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION
I saw operation in the Svarad logistics India Pvt limited is cheaper and is one of the best ways to
move the raw goods and unpackaged material within the country or overseas. This project ways to
freight forwarders can use this means very efficiently. The freight forwarding industry is a typical
service to success for any shipping industry. Here I have studied the frames and services in freight
forwarding documentation process and its mistakes.

All the statutory and non-statutory measures are provided to employees as per the standard
measures, which improves employee's satisfaction and increase productivity. Any organization
success and growth depends on employees. The company may have rich resources of capital,
material, infrastructure, machines and technology but if the quality of manpower is not good, the
organization cannot succeed. Employee welfare plays a vital role in every organization.

66
i
 CHAPTER-8

BIBLOGRAPHY

• http://www.dragonexpress.co.in/
• https://www.lion.com/lion-news/september-2019-(1)/9-1-2-hazmatair-shipping
• https://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/seven-commonshipping-mistakes-
and-how-to-avoid-them/
• https://www.slideshare.net/danna1107/freight-forwardingpresentation
• https://cerasis.com/bill-of-lading/
• http://www.sidoman.com/2018/08/15/the-most-common-shippingmistakes-to-
avoid/

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 CHAPTER 9

ANNEXURE

IMPACT ON ERROR-FREE DOCUMENTATION FREIGHT FORWARDING

AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN SVARAD LOGISTICS PVT LTD

Dear employees, thank you for your willingness to participate in this survey. We value your
precious time and assure you this will not take more than 15minutes of your time. Your
responsiveness to the questionnaire are highly valued considered extremely vital for this project.

1. Overall, how satisfied are you working for the company?

o Dissatisfied

o Very Dissatisfied

o Somewhat
Dissatisfied

o Neutral

o o Somewhat
Satisfied

2. To what extent do you agree with the working condition?

o Disagree completely

o Strongly Disagree
o Somewhat Disagree o
Somewhat Agree

o Strongly Agree

O Agree completely

3. Are you satisfied with the salary paid to you?

o YES

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 O NO

4. Do you have any incentives wage scheme for efficient work on your organization?
o YES
o NO
5. What I like best about working for the Company

6. How many years have you been with the company?

o Less than a year o 1-3 year o 4-6 year o More than 6 years

7. Is the management helpful and sympathetic to your problems in workstation?

o To some extent
o To large extent

8. Are you satisfied with the facilities provided to you?

o To some extent
o To large extent

9. Satisfaction of employees in training

o Highly satisfactory
o Satisfied
o Dissatisfied

10. Opinion of employees in business institution

o Good
o Bad
o Average

11. Satisfactory Level Of Employees Leave Provided

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 o Highly Satisfactory o Satisfied o Dissatisfied

12. Showing whether employees to get any chance to be involved with goal and image

o Yes
o No
o Can't say

13. Satisfaction level of employees in overall allowances

o Yes

o No

o Can't say

14. Showing whether the employees satisfied with work facilities provided by the company
o Highly
satisfactory

o Satisfied

O Dissatisfied

15. Satisfactory level of employees in working relationship with their supervisor

o Highly
satisfactory

o Satisfied

o Dissatisfied

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