A WORLD OF REGIONS

By: Group 2
WHY DO COUNTRIES ORGANIZE THEMSELVES
INTO REGIONS?
REGIONS
• are organized, created and
defined by policymakers, political
leaders, and economic actors.
• are a group of countries found in
the same geographical area or
are a union of two or more regions
organized to control, govern and
rule in the society.

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REGIONALISM
• It is the process of dividing the
area into smaller segments
called regions.
• A political process characterized
by economic policy cooperation
and coordination among
countries.

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REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
REASONS OF FORMING REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
For military defence
For economic interdependence and
To expand their influence
and power against trading
partners.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) that was created during the Cold
war when some Western European
countries and the United States agreed to
defend and secure Europe against Soviet
Union.
The Organization of the Exporting Countries
(OPEC) established in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia and Venezuela to control the
production and sale of oil in the world market.
 THE NORTH ATLANTIC
TREATY
ORGANIZATION
( NATO )

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 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION ( NATO )
What is NATO? What does NATO do?
❑ A political and military ❑ Protects people
organization ❑ Forges partnerships
❑ Member countries work ❑ Builds peace and stability
together ❑ Combats new threats
❑ Sharing common values
❑ The principle of collective How does NATO work?
defense ❑ Decisions are discussed and
voted by each member
country.
 THE GLOBAL NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE

The North-South divide is a socio-

economic and political division of
Earth popularized in the late 20th
century and early 21st century.
The idea of categorizing countries
began during the Cold War with
the classifications of East and
West.
Brandt Line is a visual depiction of
the north-south divide, proposed
by West German Chancellor Willy
Brandt in the 1980s.

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THE GLOBAL NORTH
 THE GLOBAL NORTH
➢ First World Countries

➢ Comprised of countries which have developed

economies.

➢ Account for over 90% of all manufacturing countries

in the world.

➢ Characterized by established democracy, wealth,

technological advancement, political stability, aging
population, low population growth, and dominance
of world trade and politics.
COUNTRIES UNDER GLOBAL NORTH
THE COUNTRIES UNDER GLOBAL NORTH
• The Global North has roughly 25% of the world's population but earns 80% of the wealth and tends
to dominate the Global South both politically and economically.
• The countries, located primarily in the northern hemisphere, that have historically been identified as
“the West” or “first world” due to perceptions of their relative wealth, technology,
and global dominance.
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THE GLOBAL SOUTH
 THE GLOBAL SOUTH
➢ Third World Countries

➢ Comprised of countries with developing economies

which were initially referred to as Third World
countries during the Cold War.

➢ Are not economically sound and politically stable as

their global North counterparts and tend to be
characterized by turmoil, war, conflict, poverty,
anarchy, and tyranny (Odeh, 2010).
THREE IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS OF GLOBAL SOUTH
1. It has been used within intergovernmental
developmental organizations originated in the Non-
Aligned Movement which refer to economically
disadvantaged nation states and as a post-cold war
alternative to “Third World.”
2. It has a deteriorating geography and means to account
for conquered peoples within the borders of developed
countries, such that their economic South’s in the
geographic North and North’s in the geographic South.
3. It refers to the resistant imaginary of a transnational
political subject that results from a shared experience of
subjugation under contemporary global capitalism.
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COUNTRIES UNDER GLOBAL SOUTH
THE COUNTRIES UNDER GLOBAL SOUTH
• The Global South holds all the countries south of the equator in the Southern hemisphere. It includes
nearly 157 of a total of 184 recognized states in the world and many have limited resources.
• These are the newly created independent countries of Africa and the countries of Asia that became
independent after World War II. Their leaders came together at Bandung, Indonesia in 1955 to
organize a movement that would not be aligned between the First World and the Second World. It is
later joined by the countries of Latin America.
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 MAJOR DIFFERENCES

North South
- Less Population - Large Population
- High Wealth - Low Wealth
- Industry - Agriculture
- High Standard of - Low Standard of
Living Living
-High Industrial -Low Industrial
Development Development
THE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES
THE TERM “ THIRD WORL D ”
COUN T RIE S WAS USE D TO
DE SIGN AT E T HE COUN T RIE S T HAT
DIDN ’T SIDE WITH
N ATO/CAPITALISM OR T HE
SOVIE T UN ION /COMMUN ISM.

T HE N E W GE N E RIC ME AN IN G
F OR T HIRD WORLD COUN T RIE S
ARE POOR AN D
UN DE RDE VE LOPE D N AT ION S.
SUCH DE SCRIPTORS CAN RE F E R
TO POOR EDUCATION ,
IN F RAST RUCT URE , IMPROPE R
SAN ITAT ION AN D OT HE RS.
THE THIRD WORLD ARE THOSE COUNTRIES THAT
DID NOT ALIGN WITH EITHER THE FIRST WORLD
OR SECOND WORLD COUNTRIES AFTER WORLD
WAR II AND ARE DESCRIBED AS LESS DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES. THE THIRD WORLD INCLUDED THE
DEVELOPING NATIONS OF AFRICA, ASIA, AND
LATIN AMERICA.

THE DESIGNATION OF “THIRD WORLD”

COUNTRIES WAS CREATED BY ALFRED SAUVY, A
FRENCH DEMOGRAPHER, IN AN ARTICLE THAT HE
WROTE FOR THE FRENCH MAGAZINE,
L’OBSERVATUER IN 1952, AFTER WORLD WAR II
AND DURING THE COLD WAR-ERA.
EXPERIENCES OF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES