UNIT 2-A WORLD OF

REGIONS
 What is a region?

•Regions are a group of countries found in the same

geographical area or are a union of two or more regions
organized to control, govern and rule in the society

- Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner (1999)

Why do countries organize
themselves into regions?
Reasons why countries organize regional association:

•Military defense
• Economic interdependence
•Expand influence and powers against training
partners
• At the end of this
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
unit, you will be able to:

• Define the Global South;

• Differentiate the Global South from the Third World;
• Analyze how a new conception of global relations emerged from the
experiences of Latin

• American countries;
• Differentiate between regionalization and globalization;
• Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of the Asian region; and
• Analyze how different Asian states confront the challenges of globalization
and regionalization
 Unit II Topic 1:

Global Divides: The Global North and the Global South

(focus on Latin America)

•
“ If a free society cannot help the many who are
poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.”
- John F.
Kennedy
 Learning objectives:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to:

• Define the term “Global South”;

• Differentiate the Global South from the Third World; and
• Analyse how a new conception of global relations emerged from the
experiences of Latin American countries.
 CONCEPTS AND DEFINITONS

GLOBAL SOUTH AND GLOBAL NORTH

 Global North
•refers to the countries that are geographically in the
northern hemisphere or to countries that are
economically developed.

•global North countries have better economies, better

living conditions, higher access to health care, literacy,
higher per capita etc.

•Europe, North America, Australia and Japan comprise the

Global North.
 Global South
• refers to the countries that are geographically in the southern
hemisphere or to countries that are economically struggling.

• Global south is a term that related to economical condition rather

than direction/geography which normally refers to less developed
nations

• Global south comprises of nations still mostly in developing phase

and are still coping to bring up the conditions to a feasible
standard.

• It is called the “Developing World” which includes some countries

of Africa and Latin America and some developing countries in
Asia. The Global South includes nearly 157 of a total of 184
recognized states in the world and many have limited resources.
 Global South

•Also known as Third World which is a phrase used to

describe the developing countries.

•newly created independent countries of Africa and the

countries of Asia that became independent after World
War II.

•Share common political and economic issues

•Political, social and economic changes are prevalent
 THE THIRD WORLD AND THE GLOBAL
SOUTH
• The term “third world” historically • The term “Global South”, however,
refers to countries that were aligned whilst also being a euphemism for
neither with the communist Eastern “developing countries”, is generally
bloc of countries, nor with the used in the context of the economic
capitalist West, during the Cold and developmental disparity
War. This includes countries as between countries in the northern
diverse as Botswana, India and and southern hemispheres.
Sweden. In current culture,
however, that term is normally used
as a euphemism for “developing
countries”.
THE THREE WORLD`S MODEL
First World: Western Bloc led by USA, the UK
, NATO, Japan and their allies.

Second World: Eastern Bloc led by the USSR,

the Warsaw Pact, China and their allies.

Third World: Non-Aligned Movement led by

India and Yugoslavia and other neutral
countries.
 Third World
• “Third World” countries was created by Alfred Sauvy, a French
demographer, in an article that he wrote for the French magazine,
L’Observatuer in 1952, after World War II and during the Cold War-era, the
Third World also are those countries that did not align with either the First
World or Second World countries after World War II and are described as
less developed countries. The Third World included the developing nations of
Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

• The term “Third world” countries was used to designate the countries that
didn’t side with North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO/capitalism or the
Soviet Union/communism. The new generic meaning for third world
countries are poor and underdeveloped nations. Such descriptors can refer to
poor education, infrastructure, improper sanitation and others.

•
 Global South
• 3 Significant Definitions of Global South:
• It has been used within intergovernmental developmental organizations
originated in the Non-Aligned Movement which refer to economically
disadvantaged nation-states and as a post-cold war alternative to “Third
World.”

• The Global South has a deteriorating geography and means to account for
conquered peoples within the borders of developed countries, such that there
economic South’s in the geographic North and North’s in the geographic
South

• Global South refers to the resistant imaginary of a transnational political

subject that results from a shared experience of subjugation under
contemporary global capitalism. This subject is forged when the world’s
"Souths" recognize one another and view their conditions as shared (López
 EXPERIENCES OF LATIN AMERICAN
COUNTRIES

•Why Highlight Latin America to describe the

Global South?
•In 2016 Morgan Stanley emphasized
the role of Latin America in
advancing global economy.
Specifically, Brazil and Argentina
managed to surface beyond
economic turmoil. Economists
argued that politics and policy
choices plays a big role in the
economic growth in an area.
What we can learn from Latin American
Experiences of globalization?
 Lessons from Latin America

With colonialism came the exploitation

of both natural and human resources.
 Lessons from Latin America
the terms of trade and investment in the
contemporary world were stacked in
favour of the developed countries as
against the developing countries
according to Prebisch and his followers.
 Lessons from Latin America

Latin America’s tried to develop new,

non-traditional primary commodity
exports..
 Lessons from Latin America
During economic crises, they put their
trust in neo-liberal approaches favoring
a free flow of trade and investment and
reduction of role of the state as
recommended by IMF.
 Impact of Globalization

•Globalization has increased inequality in

developing nations between the rich and the poor.

•The benefit of globalization is not universal because

it makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.
THANK YOU!