Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Lymphoma

    Uploaded by

    Fatimah Assagaf
    5 views5 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    5 views5 pages

    Lymphoma

    Uploaded by

    Fatimah Assagaf

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    Rete el el) Perea PV Sida) (ANT) COURSES Quiz Lymphoma Last revised by joachim Feger @ on 16 Dec 2022 Lymphoma (historically lymphosarcoma was used for diffuse forms of the disease) is a malignancy arising from lymphocytes or lymphoblasts. Lymphoma can be restricted to the lymphatic system or can arise as extranodal disease. This, along with variable aggressiveness results in a diverse imaging appearance. Epidemiology Lymphoma accounts for ~3-4% of all cancers "3, They are more common in developed countries. In children, lymphoma accounts for 10-15% of all cancers, being the third most common form of malignancy ¢ Clinical presentation Lymphoma can present as nodal or extranodal disease. Hodgkin lymphoma and low-grade non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) classically present as nodal disease, whereas high-grade NHL can present with complications from the mass effects such as superior vena cava obstruction, cauda ‘equina syndrome, etc. Extranodal disease can affect any organ. Lymphoma can often present with B symptoms (fever, night sweats and weight loss), Pathology Lymphomas are malignancies that arise from mature lymphocytes. The aetiology is unknown but potential lymphomatogenic risk factors include > © viral infection, e.g. EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV, HSV, HHV-8, bacterial infection, e.g, Helicobacter pylori ‘© chronic immunosuppression, e.g. post-transplantation ‘© prior chemotherapy (especially alkalising agents) and drug therapy, e.g. digoxin Classification Lymphomas are currently classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The main division is into: ‘© Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease) (40%) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (60%) © mature B-cell lymphoma © mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma © post-transplant ivmphoproliferative disorders The majority (85%) of lymphomas are B-cell with the remainder (15%) being T-cell 3. Location ‘Additionally, itis worth, especially for radiologists, dividing extranodal lymphomas according to the location: central nervous system (CNS) CNS lymphoma * primary CNS lymphoma primary dural lymphoma + intravascular lymphoma * secondary CNS lymphoma pituitary lymphoma lymphoma of the spinal cord ‘© head and neck lymphoma orbital lymphoma sinonasal lymphoma thyroid lymphoma ‘© thoracic lymphoma ° breast lymphoma cardiac lymphoma mediastinal lymphoma + primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma pulmonary lymphoma «primary pulmonary lymphoma © secondary pulmonary lymphoma * BALT lymphoma + AIDS-related pulmonary lymphoma pleural lymphoma primary pleural lymphoma secondary pleural lymphoma ‘© gastrointestinal lymphoma gastric lymphoma small bowel lymphoma large bowel lymphoma ‘© hepatobiliary lymphoma hepatic lymphoma + primary hepatic lymphoma + secondary hepatic lymphoma splenic lymphoma pancreatic lymphoma ‘© musculoskeletal lymphoma © primary bone lymphoma © secondary bone lymphoma © muscle lymphoma * cutaneous lymphoma © mycosis fungoides © Sezary syndrome © genitourinary lymphoma © renallymphoma © uterine lymphoma + cervical lymphoma © vaginal lymphoma © testicular lymphoma multi-regional © MALT Iymphoma Radiographic features Imaging characteristics will depend on the location and subtype of lymphoma. CT is the workhorse of imaging in lymphoma and plays a crucial role in staging (see main article: lymphoma staging). US and MRI are also used; for example, when assessing cervical lymph nodes (US) or CNS lymphoma (MRI), FDG-PET is used for staging and re-staging of lymphoma, Treatment and prognosis Lymphoma cure rates are comparatively high (up to 90%) compared to many other malignancies. Prognosis depends not only on histological subtype and grade but also on stage, hence why imaging plays a pivotal role in treatment. Aggressive lymphomas (e.g. Burkitt lymphoma) typically have a prognosis of weeks without treatment. Quiz questions Question 2323 A75-year-old woman presents with leg weakness. What is the best interpretation of the findings on this image from a head CT with intravenous contrast? cerebral infarction lymphoma metastases multiple sclerosis References 1. Thandra K, Barsouk A, Saginala K, Padala S, Barsouk A, Rawla P. Epidemiology of Non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Med Sci (Basel). 2021;9(1). doi:10.3390/medsci9010005 - Pubmed 2. Huang.) Pang W, Lok Vet al. Incidence, Mortality, Risk Factors, and Trends for Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Global Data Analysis. ) Hematol Oncol. 2022;15(1):57. doi:10.1186/s13045-022- 01281-9- Pubmed 3. Frampas E. Lymphomas: Basic Points That Radiologists Should Know. Diagn Interv imaging. 2013;94(2}:131-44. doi:10.1016/,.

    You might also like