7805 datasheet voltage regulator

IC: Pinout and example circuits

Here is the 7805 datasheet which is the popular 5V voltage regulator
IC and the 7805 pinout.

It is designed to provide a constant 5V at 1.5A max when powered

by 7.3V to 35V.

We usually use it as a stable voltage source for a common digital

circuit.

Sometimes, the power supply using a transformer can have too high
a voltage.
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We should help lower the voltage by using The 7805, it can reduce
and keep the constant voltage at 5V. Therefore, It is good for
powering the TTL family of digital integrated circuits.

7805 Datasheet
Basic Feature

● Typical output voltage: A typical 7805 delivers 5V. Some

model may provide from 4.8V to 5.2V.
● Load regulation: The load is typically regulated to within 10mV
and less than 50mV.
● Peak output current: The TO220 version of 7805 delivers 1A
with a normal heatsink, but it could deliver up to 1.5A by
mounting it to an appropriate heatsink.
● Internal overload and Short circuit current protection: If the
7805 regulator IC operates over too much and starts to
overheat. A special thermal overload circuit will automatically
turn off the chip until the temperature returns to a safe level.
● The minimum input voltage to deliver 5 volts output: 7.3V.
below 7.3V the chip may not provide a stable 5 volts.
● The operating current (IQ) is 5mA.
● Junction Temperature maximum 125 degrees Celsius.
● Available in TO-220 and KTE package.
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● Maximum input voltage: 30VDC, but at higher voltage, it

needs to hold current and more power on itself. Therefore, it
will become too hot.

Questions: If the input voltage is 24V. Will we be able to use the

7805 circuits? Or what regulator IC converts a 24V to 5V? Your
answer is here.

Friends of mine

7805 Pinout and Specifications

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The 7805 has many components inside it, that are connected as the
schematic diagram below. It is so many! In general use, we do not
need to understand those components. We just by understanding its
features and limitations to use it on a normal basis.
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View 7805 datasheet: Schematic diagram inside

Compare to the simplest Zener diode and transistor regulator circuit

with an input voltage of 12V and constant output voltage of 5V at 1A.
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This works well enough for its job with a few parts, consisting of only
a power transistor, Zener diode 5.6V, and one resistor.

But looking back inside the 7805, it has more components. Thus, it
would be more efficient than the transistor version.

Basic 7805 regulator circuit

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Look at the basic circuit diagram using a 7805 regulator. In 7805

datasheet said, C1 and C2 will keep the stability of the circuit. To
reduce any noise, spike voltage, and more.

Basic 7805 Regulator circuit diagram

Actually, I have tried without the capacitors or only one IC. The
circuit works normally.

Which one is better? Which one should you choose?

In my opinion,

if you need to use it on a common circuit and quickly. You may use it
by itself. But if you need maximum efficiency(optimum stability and
transient response) out of 7805, it would be better for you to use
bypass capacitors (C1 and C2). We also put it close as possible to
the IC.
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Be cautious of 7805’s Pinout

The 7805 has various versions. The TO-3 version comes in an
all-metal can for better heat sinking. A small plastic TO-92 version
can provide up to 100 mA for low-power circuits.

At the present date, we will often see DPARK, since it is a small size.
Therefore, it becomes suitable for SMD PCB work.

Look at these 2 popular types of regulator IC. Both differ in the

current output:

● The 7805. (TO-220) — with 1A of current. I prefer it because it

can supply enough current for normal use, is easy to install,
and is cheap.
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● The 78L05. (TO-92) — with 100mA of current. It looks like a

small transistor, which is more suitable for use in small spaces
and low current circuits.

The metal plate at the top of 7805 regulators is also connected to

the ground leg (GND). Therefore, you need to mount it properly
through the hole with a metal heat sink as below.
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3 Important things for 7805

There are 3 main keys, you should know about 7805 for smooth
operation.

1. The input voltage must be higher than 7.3V to keep the

regulation. Higher the voltage is, the temperature will also rise
up as well
2. Enough heatsink — The simplest way to test the heat transfer
of the heatsink, is to hold your finger on it for at least 30
seconds or so. If it is unbearable, then you should increase the
size of the heatsink.
3. Close enough wiring — Connection of capacitors to the 7805
regulators should be as close as possible to remove
oscillations.

Read below for its practical use.

Typical Applications
This voltage regulator IC can deliver a fixed or adjustable voltage
from an external power source.

Below are a lot of circuits. They may help you solve your problems.
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Fixed Output Regulator

First, let’s take a look at a typical 5V fixed output regulator or 7805
power supply circuit.

The C1 (2200uF) and C2 (0.1uF) capacitors must be mounted close

to the regulator.

The input voltage must be higher than the output to allow for some
voltage to drop across the bridge and regulator.

The minimum Vin for a 5V Vout is 7V AC or 9V DC.

Note: Any input AC or DC to the bridge will automatically adjust for

correct polarity. It allows both connections to power the board.
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Next are a typical 7805 regulator on a breadboard.

Power Supply 5V 1A using L7805

In the circuit below, If you have only two diodes full-wave rectifier
and transformer center tap. This may be a great choice for you.

Also it is 5V 1A Fixed Voltage regulator circuit using 7805.

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The working principle

When the home electric source ACV, 110V or 230V or a 220V,

depending on your country, flows through the transformer, it will
transfores the 9V AC voltage.

Then, it pases to both diodes to rectifier that ACV to the DC Voltage.

Then, it is filtered to smoothed DC with capacitors.

This voltage is about 12VDC that unstable current.

Next, it comes to the 7805 regulator IC. Now this is controled a 5V

stable voltage.
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The PCB layout and component layout of 5A 1A power Supply

using L7805.

That’s not all…

Increasing The output Voltage

Imagine you want the 12V power supply. But you have only 7805,
how could you make use of it? Colin Mitchell once said the output
voltage of a supply can be increased by jacking up. The circuit below
produces an output of 12V with this method.
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The 7805 always keeps a constant voltage at 5V between the output

and the GND (common) terminal.

If the GND voltage is increased, the output voltage will also rise up.
For example, if we increase the GND voltage by 4V, then the output
voltage will be 9V (5V+4V). This method can give any voltage
between 5V and 30V. It is a complete range of regulators.

We use two resistors in the “Voltage Divider Mode” to determine the

output voltage. There are always 5 volts across the 120Ω resistor
(R1). If a 150Ω resistor (R2) is placed in series with R1, it will have a
proportional voltage across it.
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In the basic circuit diagram above, the voltage across R2 (150Ω) is

7V. It makes a total of 12V at the output.

To increase or decrease the voltage, only one resistor has to be

changed in the circuit above. We will leave the 120Ω resistor (R1)
alone then we are going to change the R2 resistor instead.

If we increase the R2 Resistor to:

● 220Ω — the output voltage will be 14V.

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● 330Ω — the output voltage will be 18V.

By changing R2, it will produce an adjustable output voltage.

There are two things you should be aware of when using L7805 as
an adjustable version.

● First, the 7805 regulators should be heatsinked so it is capable

of dissipating the heat in the worst condition.
● In addition, the input voltage should be more than the maximum
output voltage of about 3.5V

7805 output voltage calculator

The following formula is used to find the output voltage of the 7805
regulators.

Note: Vxx = 5V, IQ = 0.0005A(5mA), R1 = 120Ω, R2 = 150Ω

Vout = 5V + {(5V ÷ R1) + IQ} ÷ R2

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Vout = 5V + (5V / 120 + 0.005) 150

= 12V

Then, I test it on the breadboard. They have similar values (11.72V).

Thus, we can use this formula.

On the other hand, if we want the output voltage to be about 12V,

what should the R2 value be?
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Or

R2 = (VO – 5V) ÷ {(5V÷R1) + IQ}

R2 = (12V – 5V) ÷ {(5V ÷ 120Ω) + 0.005A}

= 150Ω

Do you see a problem with this method?

We often do not have a resistor that we got from our calculation. It

causes the output voltage to move away from the desired value.

Thus, we better replace R2 with a potentiometer.

Adjustable output voltage

We can adjust the output voltage from 5V to 24V via the

R2-potentiometer connected to the GND.

Look:
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The input voltage and heatsinking of the regulator must be sufficient

for the output voltage and current.

If the input voltage is 24V to 36V. The output may not deliver more
than 100mA @ 5V. Because the regulator is over heating.

How to change L7805 voltage using diode

This is another way to increase 7805’s output voltage using diodes.

A diode is a common component in many stores. Such as 1N4148,

1N4007, etc. They have high efficiency and are suitable for general
uses.
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Circuit diagram of increasing output voltage 7805 using the

diode

While the electric current is flowing a diode in forwarding bias. It has

a voltage across that is very stable at 0.65V in each diode.

In the circuit above…

We add both diodes D2 and D3 (1N4148) in series between a

common leg of IC1 and Ground. The output voltage will rise to 1.3V
(0.65V + 0.65V) across both diodes.

Thus, the output of this circuit is 6.3V (1.3V + 5V)

Also, we add a diode D1 to protect the regulator from being

damaged. It may have a feedback output voltage coming from a
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load. The D1 is connecting in the reverse bias, it will absorb the

current spike to protect this circuit.

Next, we add 2 capacitors C1 and C3 to filter out the transient noise.

Which can be induced into the regulator by stray magnetic fields.

In addition, adding a capacitor C2 across both diodes improves

stability in regulation. It will reduce noise at the output.

High input voltage circuits

We know that we cannot use 7805 with an input voltage higher than
30V. These ideas below may be good to do.

First, use a current limiting resistor. It is easy and cheap. But it will
also reduce current down. Therefore, it is suitable for a low current
load.
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Next, by helping the transistor and Zener diode, this makes it can
supply more current and steadier as well.

The Diode Protection

Although this IC has a very good protection system. But a reverse
polarity voltage can still damage it. Therefore, we should put in a
protective diode.

Output Polarity-Reversal-Protection

In many cases, a regulator powers a load that is not connected to

the ground. But it is connected to a voltage source of opposite
polarity (e.g., operational amplifiers, level-shifting circuits, etc.)
instead.

We should connect a clamp diode to the regulator’s output, as

below.
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This protects the regulator from output polarity reversals during

startup and in short-circuits operations, too.

Reverse-bias protection

Sometimes, the input voltage to the regulator might collapse faster

than the output voltage.

This can occur. For example, when the input supply is Interrupted
during an output overvoltage condition.

If the output voltage is greater than approximately 7V. The

emitter-base junction of the series-pass element (internal or
external) may break down and be damaged.
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Use a shunt diode to prevent this, as in the circuit above.

High Current Voltage Regulator

If you require more than 1A of current. Then, combine LM7805 with
other components to provide an output of up to 3A. As in the circuit
below.
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The TIP2955 transistor can accept the high current by itself. Thus,
the LM7805 can run without a heatsink. It only regulates the voltage.

Note:

● Use the 3A diodes (1N5402) in the power supply. For currents

greater than 3A.
● Use 3 x 2,200uF electrolytic capacitor in parallel. They have
more capacitance are 6,600uF for 3A current filter.

3A Regulated Power supply with short

circuit protection

In the previous circuit, when a short circuit the TIP2955 runs with a
high current causing it to be too hot. Then, it might be damaged.
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The easiest way to protect it is with a normal fuse.

We use a 3A fuse. When the current exceeds 3A, the fuse will blow
immediately, is it easy? But if the fuse blows frequently, it can be
inconvenient.

Next, use another PNP transistor (Q2) to check the error current.

Rsc = 0.8/ Isc

Isc = short circuit current = 3A max

Rsc = 0.8/3 = 0.26Ω, appox 0.22Ω 5W.

R1 = 3.3Ω 3W (5W)
For Q2 you may other PNP transistor, for example BD140.

Positive and Negative regulator

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Sometimes, we need a +5V and -5V Dual power supply for Op-amp
circuits, and more. We can use 7805 for making this power supply
as below.

This design focus on economical and cost-effectiveness.

This circuit requires the 9V CT 9V 2A transformer, for the full load of

1.5A.

Current Regulator using L7805

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Imagine you want to charge a battery with a constant current and

fixed voltage. You have many ways to do it.

But the interesting way is using L7805 as the current regulator

circuit. Because it is easy and cheap.

You can easily set the output current with the R1 resistor. Here is a
current regulator calculator.

IO = (VO/R1) + IQ (bias current)

● IQ (bias current) = 5mA

What more? If you like this circuit. Let’s learn more: 7805 Constant
current charger
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You will see that IC-7805 is easy to use. We can use it in a wide
variety of applications.