CONCEPCION HOLY CROSS COLLEGE

Minane, Concepcion, Tarlac

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Second Semester A.Y. 2022 – 2023

ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE

CLIMATE CHANGE
AND AIR
POLLUTION

Prepared By:
Group 5: BSEd Math 1A
Alfonso, Justine Kyle
Manliclic, Mariz
Tundayag, Mark Christian
 I. Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and
weather patterns. These shifts may be natural, such as through variations
in the solar cycle.

Types of Climates
1. Tropical Climate - Tropical is a hot and humid zone, the average
temperatures are greater than 64°F (18°C) year-round and there is more
than 59 inches of precipitation each year.
2. Dry Climate - These climate zones are so dry because moisture is rapidly
evaporated from the air and there is very little precipitation.
3. Temperate Climate - In this zone, there are typically warm and humid
summers with thunderstorms and mild winters.
4. Continental Climate - These regions have warm to cool summers and very
cold winters. In the winter, this zone can experience snowstorms, strong
winds, and very cold temperatures sometimes falling below -22°F (-30°C)!
5. Polar Climate - In the polar climate zones, it’s extremely cold. Even in
summer, the temperatures here never go higher than 50°F (10°C)!

II. Air Pollution

Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can
harm the health of humans, animals, and plants. It also damages
buildings. Pollutants in the air take many forms. They can
be gases, solid particles, or liquid droplets.

Types of Air Pollution

1. Particulate Matter - Particulate matter, also known as particle pollution or
PM, is a term that describes extremely small solid particles and liquid
droplets suspended in air.
2. Nitrogen Dioxide - Nitrogen dioxide is a highly reactive gas formed by
emissions from motor vehicles, industry, unfueled gas-heaters and gas
stove tops. High concentrations can be found especially near busy roads
and indoors where unfueled gas-heaters are in use.
3. Carbon Monoxide - Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas
formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels. When people are exposed
to CO gas, the CO molecules will displace the oxygen in their bodies and
lead to poisoning.
4. Ozone - Ozone, O3, is composed of three oxygen atoms joined together.
Two oxygen atoms joined together form the basic oxygen molecule O2. The
 additional third atom makes ozone an unstable, highly reactive gas. Ozone
is found in two areas of the Earth’s atmosphere: in the upper atmosphere
and at ground level.
5. Sulphur Dioxide - Sulphur dioxide is highly reactive gas with a pungent
irritating smell. It is formed by fossil fuel combustion at power plants and
other industrial facilities.

III. Cause and effect

i. Air Pollution (Cause)
1. INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES - Factories, power plants, and other
industrial activities emit a lot of pollutants into the air.
2. TRANSPORTATION - Cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes all contribute
to air pollution.
3. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES - Pesticides, fertilizers, and other
chemicals used in agriculture can contribute to air pollution.
4. NATURAL RESOURCES - Volcanic eruptions, dust storms, and
wildfires are all natural sources of air pollution.

ii. Air Pollution (Effects)

1. INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES - Air pollution can cause a range of health
problems, including respiratory diseases, heart disease, stroke, and
cancer.
2. TRANSPORTATION - Air pollution can harm animals by damaging
their lungs, reducing their ability to reproduce, and causing birth
defects.
3. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES - Air pollution can harm the
environment by damaging crops, forests, and bodies of water. It can
also cause acid rain, which can damage buildings and other
structures.

Overall, air pollution has a significant impact on human health, animals, and the
environment. It is important to take steps to reduce air pollution, such as using
cleaner sources of energy, reducing our reliance on cars, and using
environmentally friendly products.
iii. Climate Change (Cause)
1. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS - The burning of fossil fuels (coal,
oil, and gas) releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
into the atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.
 2. DEFORESTATION - Trees absorb carbon dioxide, so cutting down
forests reduces the amount of carbon dioxide that can be absorbed
by the Earth.
3. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES - The production of cement, steel, and
other materials produces significant amounts of greenhouse gases.
4. AGRICULTURE - Livestock farming and rice cultivation produce large
amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

iv. Climate Change (Effects)

1. HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS - Climate change is exacerbating air
pollution, leading to increased respiratory problems, and increasing
the spread of diseases like dengue fever and malaria.
2. EXTINCTION RISK - Climate change is causing many species to shift
their ranges or alter their behavior, which can lead to extinction if
they are unable to adapt quickly enough.
3. RISING TEMPERATURE - Global temperatures have risen by about
1.1 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times, causing more
frequent and severe heatwaves, droughts, and wildfires.
Overall, climate change is a significant threat to human society, animals,
and the environment. It is essential that we take action to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change to protect our planet and
future generations.