So) CARBONYL COMPOUNDS FOCUS QUESTION How do hydroxyl groups and carbon compare? yl groups functionally Organic Compounds Containing the Carbonyl Group ‘The arrangement in which an oxygen atom is double-bonded to «a carbonyl group. This group is the functional group in organic compounds known as aldehydes and ketones. a carbon atom is called Aldehydes ye end of a ‘Am aldehyde isan organic compound in which a carbonyl group located at the en carbon chain is bonded to a carbon atom on one and a hydrogen atom on the other. Aldehydes have the general formula *CHO, where * represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, as shown in Table 7, Table 7 Aldehydes HO | | in a tty | \Genescm sua gemerd | anol Hoge pyarogen atom | Methanal 4 | (formaldehyde) Ethanal (acetaldehyde) | | | HHO | WW i iti Oo =0 é=0 =c-e— Carbonyl group | ‘oH | | menzaldenyde Salicyaidehyde —CInnamaldehyde ELL Pan COLLECT EVIDENCE INVESTIGATE (Bruce your Science Journalto | (GO ONLINE to find these activities and more resources. record the evidence you colts | > ChemLAB: Make an Ester you complete the readings and Construct and explanation forthe funtion ofthe compound ce actives in tis sson. ais CEB Identify Crosscutting Concepts ria Create a table of the crosscutting concepts and lin eeehydes are formally named by ch, Pate once of tn da rere tein, the same number of carbon atoms to the pound methanal, shown in Table, gy of the name of the alkane with sulfix-al. Thus, the sed on the one-c Because the carbonyl group in an aldehyuf no numbers are used in the name unte, resent. Methanal is also commonly. formal name of the com- arbon alkane methane. always occurs at the end of a carbon chain, 8s branches or addition, called formaldehyde de. Scientist often use the common because they are familiar to chemists, : al functional groups are Ethanal has the common Imes of organic e name acetalde Analdehyde molecule contains a polar, re hyde molecules cannot form hydroge have no hydrogen atoms bonded to boiling points than alcohols with th. can form hydrogen bonds with the soluble in water than alkanes but n active structure, However, like ethers, alde- bonds among themselves because the molecules an oxygen atom. Therefore, aldehydes have lower We same number of carbon atoms. Water molecules ‘oxygen atom of aldehydes, so aldehydes are more ot as soluble as alcohols or amines Formaldehyde has been used for preservation for many years, as shown in Figure 1. Industrally, large quantities of formaldehyde are reacted with urea to manufacture a type of grease-resistant, hard plastic used to make buttons, appliance and automotive parts, and electrical outlets, as well asthe glue that holds the layers of plywood together The other aldehydes shown in Table 7 occur naturally. Benzaldehyde and salicylalde- hyde are two components that give almonds their natural flavor. Cinnamon is a spice that comes from the bark ofa tropical tree. Its distinctive aroma and flavor are produced largely by cinnamaldehyde Bete Identify two uses for aldehydes, Figure 11 water solution of formaldehyde was used in the past to preserve biological specimens. However, formaksetiyde's use has been restricted in recent years because studies indicate it might cause cancer. Lesson 3 Carbonyl Compounds 711