500-450 BC: Alchemists searched for “the philosopher's stone,” which was thought to transform basic elements like aluminium and copper into silver and gold, and the “elixir of life,” which was thought to grant immortal- ity to those who drank it. 450-400 BC: The ancient Greek Philosopher Democritus (dubbed as the “Father of Modern Science”) first postulated that all matter was made up of atoms. He believed atoms were invisible, indivisible, and eternal. 400-350 BC: The Greek Philosopher Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and he pro- vided a basis for the “scientific method” which is still utilised today. AD 1700-1750: A French scientist Lavoisier (dubbed as the “Father of Modern Chemisiry”) helped construct the metric system and provided the principle of conservation of matter in all chemical reactions (stoichiom- etry) and developed various chemical nomenclature. 1780s: Another French Scientist Coulomb formulated what is known today as “Coulomb's inverse square law,” which describes the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles. 1800s: English Scientist John Dalton first postulated the “atomic theory,” which described matter as being consisted of tiny indestructible particles each identical to each other and each having the same atomic weight. 1875: The German Scientist W. K. Roentgen discovered X-rays whilst performing experiments with cathode ray tubes. 1896: Becquerel of France first discovered radioactivity whilst investigating uranium. 1897: J. J. Thomson of England discovered the first subatomic particle, the electron, and he also developed the “Plum Pudding” model of the atom. 1900: Max Plank of Germany developed the postulates of quantum mechanics. 1905: German Scientist Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity and discussed the dual nature of light. 1909: English Scientist Emest Rutherford, by performing the famous gold-foil experiment, proved that the majority of the mass of an atom was located at a positively charged centre. 1913: Danish Scientist Niels Bohr postulated that electrons moved around the nucleus in orbits and also gave evidence for quantization. 1926: Austrian Scientist Erwin Schrédinger introduced a wave equation that aptly described the motion of small particles. 1932: England’s Chadwick discovered the neutron. 1964: America’s Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig came up with the idea of “quarks,” which are elemen- tary bits of matter. Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons. Scanned with CamScanner