Vocabulary practice

1. What are some important functions of the skin?

Some important functions of the skin are protects the body
from microbes , prevents the loss of the body fluid and regulate
body temperature .
2. Which layer of skin contains the sweat gland, and what do these
glands do to help the human body?
The layer of the skin that contains the sweat glands is ( dermis
) and helps the body to regulate its temperature.
3. Which tissues enable the body to move?
The tissue that enable the body to move is (MUSCLE)
4. Which vessels carry blood to the heart, and which carry it away?
The vessels that carry blood to the hearts are (veins). & the
vessels that carry blood away from the heart are (arteries).
5. What is the difference between gross anatomy and histology?
Gross anatomy, Structures that can be seen with the naked eye.
Histology the study of tissues under the microscope.
6. What is the difference between an organ and a system? Which is
the skin.
Organ, is a group of tissue functioning together for a common
purpose.
System is a group of organs related to each other & working
together to perform certain functions the skin considered as a
system also called (integumentary system).
7. What does a gland do? Name three important glands in the human
body, and tell their functions.
 glands produce secretion & secrete them through ducts or
directly to the blood( ex-thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands)
8. What is the difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine
gland?
Endocrine glands don’t have ducts . while exocrine glands have
ducts.
9. What is the difference between ingestion and digestion ? where
does ingestion occur ? where does digestion occur?
Ingestion is the process of taking food into the body through
the month & it occurs in the month.
Digestion is the organic process by which food is converted into
substances that can be absorbed into the body & occurs in the
alimentary canal.
10. Which system controls breathing? What are its organs?
The system that controls berating is the ( respiratory system)
& the organs or this system are nose. Pharynx, larynx, trachea
, bronchus, bronchioles and alveoli.
11. Which system coordinates the activates of the other system ?
The system that coordinates the activities of the other system is
(nervous system).
12. Which system contains the genital organs?
The system that contains genital organs is (reproductive
system).
13. What is the name of the tissue that connects muscle to bone?
The tissue that connects muscle to bone is (tendon).
14. What is another name for the circulatory system ?
The other name of circulatory system is (cardiovascular
system).
15. What are capillaries ? which system do they belong?
 Capillaries are the smallest tubes of blood vessels and they
belong to the circulatory system.

Exercises
Discussing medical matters
1. What specific kinds of problems can interfere with normal
breathing? Discuss some examples of foreign bodies, injuries ,
inflammatory conditions, allergic condition ,etc., and name some
appropriate methods of treatment.
2. What are some life – threatening cardiovascular problems?
3. How is a fracture ( broken bone ) usually treated ?
4. Name some external organs that come in pairs . discuss the
advantages of having two instead of one.
5. What are some ways that messages get to the human brain?
Analyzing words and word parts
Many nouns relating to medical conditions do not from their plural
by adding – s –es . instead , they have irregular plural forms ,
generally from Latin or Greek. Write the plural of each medical
word below. Use a dictionary for help, if necessary.
1. Atrium……atria…….
2. Bronchus …bronchi….
3. Ganglion …ganglia…..
4. Pleura…pleuae…
5. Stimulus …stimuli…..
6. Testis …testis…
B- after each word below, write its meaning . then write a word
which contains that word part .use a dictionary for help.
1. Cardi-…heart………. cardiac
 2. Cerebr-…brain………… cerebrum
3. Cutane…skin………..subcutaneous
4. Derm…related to skin……….dermatology
5. Hist …tissue……… histology
6. Leuc-…white……….leucocyte
7. Para-…meat………parathyroid
8. Peri-……around/ cover……..periosteum
9. Pharyng-….related to pharynx…….pharyngitis
10. Stalsis…contraction in alimentary canal………peristalsis …
11. Systole-… contraction phase of the heart…… systole….
12. Vas- …vessels……. Vascular.

C- The word anatomy comes from a Greek word meaning cut up .

what is the connection? Anatomy is a science of human body
structure which use cutting to study those structure .
D- the prefix in- sometimes means in. its opposite is ex-, which
means out, without, or a way.
1. What is the difference between internal organs and external
organs?
Internal organs located inside the body, while external organs
located outside.
2. When discussing respiration , what is the difference between
inspiration and expiration ? what other meanings do these two
words have?
Inspiration meaning take the air inside the body(breath in=inhale.)
Expiration meaning breathe the air outside the body (breath out =
exhale)

E- Many medical words also have a related nonmedical meaning .

1. What is the general meaning of the word atrium?....courtyard....
 What does it mean in relation to the heart ? …it's one of the two
upper chambers of the heart..
2. What is the general meaning of the word ventricle ?
Cavity
What does it mean in relation to the heart ?
It's one of the two chambers of the heart.
Pronouncing medical and general words
A. Read the following sentences aloud in class:
1. This candy is very sweet.
2. The sweat glands of the skin secrete sweat (perspiration).
3. My friends told me a secret.
4. The patient was hemorrhaging from the site of wound.
5. The sight of the blood made the little boy cry.
6. I wound a bandage around the patient's wound.
B- the letters sc sometimes sound like an s sometimes sound like
sk.
In general , if the c followed by an e, I ,or y, the sound is (s), but if
it is followed by any other letter, the sound is (sk). However , there
are exceptions to this general rule (for example , the word muscle).
Pronounce these words aloud:
(s): muscle , scissors, science, sciatica, scene
(sk)muscular , miscarriage, scalp, scrotum, scar, scan,
schizophrenia, scheme
C. The letters ph make the sound (f). say the following words
aloud:
esophagus, peripheral, diaphragm , phase, phrase
D- In many English words , two vowels next to each other are
pronounced separately. Say the following words aloud:
Fluid, coordinate, create, aorta, periosteum, trachea.
 Using new words and phrases
Match the medical words with the common words that mean the
same by writing the correct numbers on the lines. Use the
dictionary , of necessary. Then say the medical words aloud.

1. Clavicle--------------3-----------------------------------kneecap
2. Larynx-----------------9---------------------------------spine
3. Patella------------------5----------------------------------shoulder blade
4. Phalanges---------------7--------------------------------windpipe
5. Scapula--------------------1------------------------------collarbone
6. Sternum--------------------6------------------------------breastbone
7. Trachea-----------------------2------------------------------voice box
8. Uterus--------------------------8-----------------------------wombs
9. Vertebral column-------------4----------------------------bones of a
finger or toe.

Checking comprehension
A- Select the correct answer to complete each sentence.
1. According to paragraph 1, disposes of means (a)
eliminates:
(b)burns ; (c) absorbs.
2. In paragraph 3, the word cement like means (a) strong ; (b)
soft; (c)made of stone.
3. According to paragraph 11, one trillion equals (a) a
thousand million; (b)a thousand billion ; (a hundred
billion.)
B- In the first paragraph of this chapter , the human body is
compared to a machine. In what sense is this analogy true ? in
what ways is the body different from a machine ?
C- Mark each statement below T (true )or F (false) . correct the
statements that are false.
1. …F…. Bronchi are part of the skeleton .
2. …T……. The most important muscle in the body is the
heart.
3. …F…… hemoglobin is a protein found in white blood
cells.
4. ……T.. the top layer of skin is constantly dying and being
replaced.
5. ……F… capillaries are secretions which help with the
digestion of food.
6. …T……oxygen is breathed into the body during
inspiration , and carbon dioxide is released during
expiration.
7. …T……the pulse is a measure of the heartbeat.
8. ………F… the vertebral column is composed of number
of flexible dendrites.
9. ……F……. Liquid wastes are passed out of the body
through the rectum.
10. …F…..The heart contracts at an average rate of 18
times per minute.

Good luck
With The Best Whishes

Salem Elshibani