Republic of the Philippines

GRADUATE SCHOOL

Course No. /Title: PA 203 (Comparative Administrative)

Topic: Comparative Study of Developing and Developed Countries
Date: January 12, 2018

Developing Country
A developing country (or a low and middle-income country (LMIC), less developed country,
less economically developed country (LEDC), or underdeveloped country) is a country with a less
developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy,
education, and per capita income indicators. The industry is the production of goods or related
services within an economy.

Most developing countries have these criteria in common:

1. High levels of poverty – measured based on GNI per capita averaged over three years. For
example, if the GNI per capita is less than US $1,025 (as of 2018) the country is regarded as a least
developed country.
2. Human resource weakness
3. Economic vulnerability

Developed Country
A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or more economically
developed country (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced
technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria
for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross
national product (GNP), per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread
infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries
can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods
and services produced in a period of time, often annually or quarterly. The gross national income
(GNI), previously known as the gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign
output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor
incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by non-
residents. Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per
person in a given area in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its
total population.

Asian developing Country vs European Developed Country

Cambodia The Netherlands

Geographic Cambodia, officially the The Netherlands is a country

al Setting Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country
located in the southern portion of the
Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It
is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898
square miles) in area, bordered by
located mainly in Northwestern Europe.
Together with three island territories in
the Caribbean, it forms a constituent
country of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands. The European portion of
 Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the
northeast, Vietnam to the east and the
Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The
sovereign state of Cambodia has a
population of over 16 million. The official
religion is Theravada Buddhism,
practised by approximately 95 per cent
of the population. The country's minority
groups include Vietnamese, Chinese,
Chams and 30 hill tribes. The capital and
largest city is Phnom Penh, the political,
economic and cultural centre of
Cambodia. The country is situated in its
entirety inside the tropical Indomalayan
ecozone and the Indochina Time zone
(ICT). Cambodia's climate, like that of
the rest of Southeast Asia, is dominated
by monsoons, which are known as
tropical wet and dry because of the
distinctly marked seasonal differences.
The country experiences the heaviest
precipitation from September to
October with the driest period
occurring from January to February.
According to the International
Development Research Center and The
United Nations, Cambodia is
considered Southeast Asia's most
vulnerable country to the effects of
climate change, alongside the
Philippines.
Administrativ The Kingdom of Cambodia is a unitary
e System state that is governed within the
framework of a constitutional
monarchy, in which the monarch serves
as the head of state, while the prime
minister is the head of government.
Executive power is exercised by the
Royal Government, which constitutes
the Council of Ministers, headed by the
Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is
aided in his functions by members of the
Council such as deputy prime ministers,
senior ministers, other ministers and
secretaries of state. Legislative power is
vested in a bicameral legislature
composed of the National Assembly, The Cabinet is led by a Prime minister
which has the power to vote on draft and a minister is assisted by one or more
the Netherlands consists of twelve
provinces and borders Germany to the
east, Belgium to the south and the North
Sea to the northwest, with maritime
borders in the North Sea with Belgium,
Germany and the United Kingdom. The
five largest cities in the Netherlands are
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague,
Utrecht and Eindhoven. Amsterdam is
the country's capital, while The Hague
holds the seat of the States General,
Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of
Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe
and the largest outside of Asia.
'Netherlands' literally means 'countries,
referring to its low and flat topography,
with only about 50% of its land
exceeding 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea
level and nearly 17% being below sea
level. Most of the areas below sea level,
known as polders, are the result of land
reclamation beginning in the 16th
century. With a population of 17.25
million living within a total area of
roughly 41,500 square kilometres
(16,000 sq mi)—of which the land area is
33,700 square kilometres
(13,000 sq mi)—the Netherlands is one of
the most densely populated countries in
the world. Nevertheless, it is the world's
second-largest exporter of food and
agricultural products after the United
States, owing to its fertile soil, mild
climate, and intensive agriculture.
The Netherlands is a Parliamentary
Democracy, which allows the Dutch
citizens to choose their representatives
in the Parliament every four years. The
Parliament consists of the Senate and
The House. The King, the Prime Minister
and the other ministers form together
the Dutch Government. The King has
very limited power and the Ministers are
the only ones who can be held
responsible. The Cabinet, all Ministers
and State Secretary regulate and runs
the country and carry out policy. On its
turn, the Parliament follows and calls to
account the Cabinet.
 law, and the Senate that has the power
of review. Upon the passage of
legislation through the two chambers,
the draft law is presented to the King for
signing and promulgation. The judiciary
is tasked with the protection of the rights
and liberties of the citizens, and for
being an impartial arbiter of disputes.
The constitution provides for the
independence of the judiciary and
prohibits the delegation of its powers to
the executive or the legislature. The
Supreme Court is the highest court of
the country and takes appeals from
lower courts on questions of law. A
separate body called the Constitutional
Council is established to provide
interpretations of the constitution and to
resolve disputes related to the election
of the members of the legislature.
The autonomous municipality and
provinces of Cambodia are first-level
administrative divisions. Cambodia is
divided into 25 provinces including the
autonomous municipality.
Municipalities and districts are the
second-level administrative divisions of
Cambodia. The provinces are
subdivided into 159 districts and 26
municipalities. The districts and
municipalities in turn are further divided
into communes and quarters.
Economic In 2017 Cambodia's per capita income
Developme is $4,022 in PPP and $1,309 in nominal
nt per capita. Cambodia graduated from
the status of a Least Developed Country
to a Lower Middle Income country in
the same year 2016. Most rural
households depend on agriculture and
its related sub-sectors. Rice, fish, timber,
garments and rubber are Cambodia's
major exports. The International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI) reintroduced
State Secretary. This Secretary receives
tasks from the Minister. The Prime Minister
of the Netherlands is often the leader of
the largest party of the coalition. The
Cabinet and each individual minister
are accountable to the Parliament and
need to have the confidence of the
majority of the Parliament. A law can
only be applied if the Senate and the
House adopted the draft law. These
authorities develop and present
national planning policies and provide
guidance and limits to lower levels of
administration, i.e. the regions and
municipalities. The Netherlands has 12
provinces, each under a Commissioner
of the King. The regions are
accountable for planning, health care
and recreation. The local government,
the municipalities, consists of 408
municipalities and is accountable for
education, planning, health, welfare
and social affairs. Also the City Councils
of municipalities are elected every
fourth year and Aldermen are
appointed by the City Council.
The Netherlands is divided into twelve
provinces, each under a King's
Commissioner, except for Limburg
province where the position is named
Governor but has the same tasks. All
provinces are divided into
municipalities, of which there are 380.
The country is also subdivided into 24
water districts, governed by a water
board , each having authority in matters
concerning water management.
Since the 16th century, shipping, fishing,
agriculture, trade, and banking have
been leading sectors of the Dutch
economy. The Netherlands has a high
level of economic freedom. The
Netherlands was ranked the fifth most
competitive economy in the world by
the Swiss International Institute for
Management Development in 2017. In
addition, the country was ranked the
more than 750 traditional rice varieties second most innovative in the world in
to Cambodia from its rice seed bank in the 2018 Global Innovation Index.
the Philippines.
As of 2016, the key trading partners of
Based on the Economist, IMF: Annual the Netherlands were Germany,
average GDP growth for the period Belgium, the United Kingdom, the United
2001–2010 was 7.7% making it one of the States, France, Italy, China and Russia.
world's top ten countries with the The Netherlands is one of the world's 10
highest annual average GDP growth. leading exporting countries. Foodstuffs
Tourism was Cambodia's fastest form the largest industrial sector. Other
growing industry, with arrivals increasing major industries include chemicals,
from 219,000 in 1997 to over 2 million in metallurgy, machinery, electrical goods,
2007. In 2004, inflation was at 1.7% and trade, services and tourism.
exports at $1.6 billion US$. Oil and
natural gas deposits found beneath The Netherlands ranks 10th in GDP
Cambodia's territorial waters in 2005 (nominal) per capita. In April 2013,
yield great potential but remain mostly unemployment was at 8.2% of the
untapped, due in part to territorial labour force. In October 2018, this was
disputes with Thailand. reduced to 3.7%.

Beginning in the 1950s, the Netherlands

discovered huge natural gas resources.
The sale of natural gas generated
enormous revenues for the Netherlands
for decades, adding hundreds of billions
of euros to the government's budget.

The Dutch agricultural sector is highly

mechanised, and has a strong focus on
international exports. The Dutch rank first
in the European Union and second
worldwide in value of agricultural
exports, behind only the United States in
2012.
Educational Traditionally, Cambodian education In the second half of the nineteenth
System took place in the Wats (Buddhist century in the wake of social and
monasteries) and was offeredeconomic modernisation. In 1857, a
exclusively to the male population. The Lower Education law replaced the 1806
education involved basic literature, the law supplementing the mandatory
foundation of religion and skills for daily
curriculum with geometry, geography,
life. history, natural sciences, and singing.
Modern languages and mathematics
This ‘traditional’ education was
remained optional. Drawing and
gradually changed when Cambodia
physical education would be added in
was a French colony (1863-1953). The
subsequent reforms.
French introduced a formal education
system influenced by a Western
Education in the Netherlands is
educational model, which was
compulsory between the ages of 5 and
developed through the independence
16. All children in the Netherlands usually
period (1960s), alongside with the
attend elementary school from (on
traditional education. During the
average) ages 4 to 12. It comprises eight
following civil wars, the education
grades, the first of which is facultative.
system suffered a chronic crisis and was
Based on an aptitude test, the eighth
completely destroyed during the Red
grade teacher's recommendation and
Khmer regime (1970s). Between 1980s
the opinion of the pupil's parents or
and 1990s, education was
caretakers, a choice is made for one of
reconstructed from almost ‘nothing’
the three main streams of secondary
and has been gradually developed
education. After completing a
until now.
particular stream, a pupil may still
Presently, after its reform in 1996, the continue in the penultimate year of the
formal educational structure of next stream.
Cambodia is formulated in 6+3+3. This
means 12 years for the completion of The MBO (middle-level applied
general education that divides up into education) is a form of education
six years for primary education (grade 1 primarily focuses on teaching a
to 6) and six years for secondary practical trade, or a vocational degree.
general education (grade 7 to 12). With the MBO certification, a student
can apply for the HBO. The HBO (higher
Two others components of Cambodian professional education) are universities
educational structure involve non- of professional education (applied
formal education providing all children, sciences) that award professional
youth, adult, disabled people with bachelor's degrees; similar to
literacy and access to life skills. polytechnic degrees. A HBO degree
Currently, the educational system is run gives access to the university system.
by the Cambodian state, but private Universities offer of a three-year
education exists at all levels and is run bachelor's degree, followed by a one or
by private sectors two year master's degree, which in turn
https://bookbridge.org/en/the- can be followed by a four or five-year
education-system-in-cambodia/ doctoral degree program.

Military The Royal Cambodian Armed Forces The service branches consist of:
Forces (RCAF) is the national military forces of
Royal Netherlands Army
Cambodia. The Supreme Commander-
Royal Netherlands Navy and Marine
in-Chief is HM King Norodom
Corps.
Sihamoni.The armed forces currently
Royal Netherlands Air Force.
operate under the jurisdiction of the
Royal Military Constabulary.
Ministry of National Defence. Under the
 constitution the RCAF is officially in
charge to protect the sovereignty and These operate under the auspices of the
territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Royal Netherlands Navy and Marines.
Cambodia. The Royal Cambodian The military ranks of the Dutch armed
Army is the largest force with troops forces have similarities with British and
stationed in each province of the U.S. military ranks. The highest-ranking
country. The Royal Cambodian Navy is officer in the Dutch military is the Chief
the second largest force and operates of Defence.
at sea. The Royal Cambodian Air Force
is the smallest of the military forces and
has 5,000 members. The Air Force
operates in every province which has
an airport.

Royal Cambodian Army 85,000

Special Forces 5,000

Royal Cambodian Navy 3,000

Royal Cambodian Air Force 2,500

Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodia

30,000

Tourism Data The tourism industry is the country's Tourism in the Netherlands is a relatively
second-greatest source of hard small sector of the country's economy
currency after the textile industry. Most with a total contribution of 5.4% to gross
visitors arrived through Siem Reap with domestic product and 9.6% to
the remainder through Phnom Penh employment. In 2017 the Netherlands
and other destinations. was visited by 17 million foreign tourists
(with more than 5 million coming from
Most of the tourists were Japanese, Germany), making it the 20th most
Chinese, Filipinos, Americans, South visited country in the world.
Koreans and French, said the report,
adding that the industry earned some
1.4 billion US dollars in 2007, accounting
for almost ten percent of the kingdom's
gross national product. Tourism has
been one of Cambodia's triple pillar
industries. The Angkor Wat historical
park in Siem Reap province, the
beaches in Sihanoukville and the
capital city Phnom Penh are the main
attractions for foreign tourists.

Cambodia's tourist souvenir industry

employs a lot of people around the
main places of interest. Some of the
locally produced souvenirs include:

 Krama (traditional scarf)

 Ceramic works
 Soap, candle, spices
  Wood carving, lacquerware,
silverplating
 Painted bottles containing
infused rice wine
Asian developing country vs Asian Developed Country
North Korea
Geographic North Korea, officially the Democratic
al Setting People's Republic of Korea, is a country
in East Asia constituting the northern
part of the Korean Peninsula, with
Pyongyang the capital and the largest
city in the country. To the north and
northwest, the country is bordered by
China and by Russia along the Amnok
(known as the Yalu in Chinese) and
Tumen rivers; it is bordered to the south
by South Korea
North Korea experiences a combination
of continental climate and an oceanic
climate, but most of the country
experiences a humid continental
climate within the Köppen climate
classification scheme. Winters bring
clear weather interspersed with snow
storms as a result of northern and
northwestern winds that blow from
Siberia. Summer tends to be by far the
hottest, most humid, and rainiest time of
year because of the southern and
southeastern monsoon winds that carry
moist air from the Pacific Ocean.
Approximately 60 percent of all
precipitation occurs from June to
September. Spring and autumn are
transitional seasons between summer
and winter.
Administrativ The administrative divisions of North
e System Korea are organized into three
hierarchical levels. These divisions were
discovered in 2002. At the highest level
are nine provinces, two directly
governed cities, and three special
administrative divisions. The second-
level divisions are cities, counties, wards,
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of
Korea, is a country in East Asia,
constituting the southern part of the
Korean Peninsula. The name Korea is
derived from Goguryeo which was one of
the great powers in East Asia during its
time. South Korea lies in the north
temperate zone and has a
predominantly mountainous terrain. It
comprises an estimated 51.4 million
residents distributed over 100,363 km2.
The capital and largest city is Seoul, with
a population of 10 million.South Korea
occupies the southern portion of the
Korean Peninsula, which extends some
1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian
mainland. This mountainous peninsula is
flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west,
and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its
southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and
the East China Sea. Its total area is
100,032 square kilometres
(38,622.57 sq mi).
Jeju-do is about 100 kilometres (62 miles)
off the southern coast of South Korea. It is
the country's largest island, with an area
of 1,845 square kilometres. South Korea
has four distinct seasons; spring, summer,
autumn and winter. Spring usually lasts
from late March to early May, summer
from mid-May to early September,
autumn from mid-September to early
November, and winter from mid-
November to mid-March.
The major administrative divisions in South
Korea are eight provinces, one special
self-governing province, six metropolitan
cities (self-governing cities that are not
part of any province), one special city
and one metropolitan autonomous city.
The Executive and Legislative branches
 and districts. These are further operate primarily at the national level,
subdivided into third-level entities: although various ministries in the
towns, neighborhoods, villages, and executive branch also carry out local
workers' districts. functions. Local governments are semi-
autonomous and contain executive and
The three-level administrative system
legislative bodies of their own. The judicial
used in North Korea was first
branch operates at both the national
inaugurated by Kim Il-sung in 1952, as
and local levels. The South Korean
part of a massive restructuring of local
government's structure is determined by
government. Previously, the country
the Constitution of the Republic of Korea.
had used a multi-level system similar to
This document has been revised several
that still used in South Korea.
times since its first promulgation in 1948
(for details, see History of South Korea).
According to the Constitution of North
However, it has retained many broad
Korea there are officially three main
characteristics; with the exception of the
branches of government. The first of
short-lived Second Republic of South
these is the State Affairs Commission of
Korea, the country has always had a
North Korea, which acts as "the supreme
presidential system with a relatively
national guidance organ of state
independent chief executive.
sovereignty". Its role is to deliberate and
decide the work on defense building of
the State, including major policies of the
As with most stable three-branch systems,
State.
a careful system of checks and balances
Legislative power is held by the is in place. For instance, the judges of the
unicameral Supreme People's Assembly Constitutional Court are partially
(SPA). Its 687 members are elected appointed by the executive, and
every five years by universal suffrage. partially by the legislature. Likewise, when
Supreme People's Assembly sessions are a resolution of impeachment is passed by
convened by the SPA Presidium, whose the legislature, it is sent to the judiciary for
president (Kim Yong-nam since 1998) a final decision.
represents the state in relations with
foreign countries. Deputies formally
elect the President, the vice-presidents
and members of the Presidium and take
part in the constitutionally appointed
activities of the legislature.

Executive power is vested in the

Cabinet of North Korea, which is
headed by the Premier and represents
the government and functions
independently.

Economic The economy of North Korea is a
Developme centrally planned system, where the
nt role of market allocation schemes is
limited, though increasing. As of 2015
North Korea continues its basic
adherence to a centrally planned
command economy. There has been
The economy of South Korea is the 4th
largest in Asia and the 11th largest in the
world. It is a mixed economy dominated
by family-owned conglomerates called
chaebols; however, the dominance of
the chaebol is unlikely to last and
engenders risk of slowing down the
 some economic liberalisation,
particularly after Kim Jong-un assumed
the leadership in 2012, but reports
conflict over particular legislation and
enactment.China is North Korea's
largest trading partner.
Education Students in North Korea are taught the
System communist ideology and also the
greatness of their leaders such as Kim
Jong II and Kim II Sung through
education. The subjects taught are also
directed towards science and
technology so as to enable students to
be the future technicians, scientists, and
workers that the government can rely
on to achieve the country’s goals.
Korean education is made up of kyoyuk
which is basically technical skills and
scientific knowledge. It also consists
kyoyang which is indoctrination. Both of
these act as the means of transforming
the citizens into reliable communists.
The countries education system is made
up of three kinds of schools. The main is
the general school system. The other
two schools are schools for continuing
education and schools for special
purposes.
The general school system is what is
referred to as school systems in other
nations across the globe. It is referred to
transformation of Korean economy for
the benefit of future generations. South
Korea is known for its spectacular rise
from one of the poorest countries in the
world to a developed, high-income
country in just a few generations. This
economic growth is called by some a
miracle, and described as the Miracle on
the Han River, which has brought South
Korea to the ranks of elite countries. South
Korea still remains one of the fastest
growing developed countries in the world
following the Great Recession. It is
included in the group of Next Eleven
countries that will dominate the global
economy in the middle of the 21st
century.In 1980, the South Korean GDP
per capita was $2,300, about one-third of
nearby developed Asian economies.
Since then, South Korea has advanced
into a developed economy to eventually
attain a GDP per capita of $30,000 in
2010, almost thirteen times the figure thirty
years ago.
South Korea is one of the top-performing
countries in reading literacy,
mathematics and sciences.The country is
well known for its obsession with
education, which has come to be called
"education fever". the 2014 national
rankings of students’ math and science
scores by the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD),
South Korea ranked second place
worldwide, after Singapore.
Higher education is an overwhelmingly
serious issue in South Korea society, where
it is viewed as one of the fundamental
cornerstones of South Korean life.
Education is regarded with a high priority
for South Korean families as success in
education is necessary for improving
one's socioeconomic position in South
Korean society. Academic success is
often a source of pride for families and
within South Korean society at large.
South Koreans view education as the
main propeller of social mobility for
themselves and their family as a gateway
to the South Korean middle class.
 as general school system so as to Graduating from a top university is the
differentiate it from the other types of ultimate marker of prestige, high
schools mentioned above. Elementary socioeconomic status, promising
(primary) school also referred to as marriage prospects, and a respectable
people’s school or Inmin hakkyo, starts career path.An average South Korean
at age six and it takes a total of four child's life revolves around education as
years to finish. The next stage is pressure to succeed academically is
secondary school which is higher middle deeply ingrained in South Korean
school or Kodung chunghakkyo in North children from an early age. Those who
Korea. This offers students a total of six lack a formal university education often
years of learning and it has two main face social prejudice.
levels: the lower-level middle school
which is attended by students aged
between 10-13 years and it goes for four
years; and the higher-level high school
that is completed in two years and it is
attended by students aged between
14-15 years.After completing secondary
schools, recommended students can
proceed and take up higher education.
Universities where students learn for four
to six years depending on the course
selectedhttps://www.studycountry.com
/guide/KP-education.htm

Military The Korean People's Army is an
Forces institution of the Workers' Party of Korea,
and constitutes the de facto military
forces of North Korea. Under the Songun
policy, it is the central institution of North
Korean community. Kim Jong-un is its
Supreme Commander and the
Chairman of the Central Military
Commission. The KPA consists of five
branches: Ground Force, the Navy, the
Air Force, the Strategic Rocket Forces,
and the Special Operation Force.
As of 2016, with 5,889,000 paramilitary
personnel, it is the largest paramilitary
organization on Earth. This number
serves as 25% of the North Korean In addition, reserve elements consist of
population. the:
The Republic of Korea Armed Forces are
the armed forces of South Korea.
Created in 1948 following the division of
Korea, the ROK Armed Forces is one of
the largest standing armed forces in the
world with a reported personnel strength
of 3,725,000 in 2016 (625,000 active and
3,100,000 reserve).
The ROK Armed Forces consists of the:
ROK Army
ROK Navy
ROK Marine Corps
ROK Air Force

ROK Reserve Forces

ROK Civil Defense Corps
Tourism Data Tourism in North Korea is tightly The popularity of tourism calls for the
controlled by the North Korean development of the lodging industry in
government. Only about 4,000 to 6,000 South Korea.
Western tourists visit North Korea each
year. All tourism is organized by one of In 2016, 17 million foreign tourists visited
several state-owned tourism bureaus, South Korea. With rising tourist prospects,
 including Korea International Travel
Company (KITC), Korean International
Sports Travel Company (KISTC), Korean
International Taekwondo Tourism
Company (KITTC) and Korean
International Youth Travel Company
(KIYTC).
South American Region and USA
Columbia
Geographic Colombia, officially the Republic of
al Setting Colombia is a sovereign state largely
situated in the northwest of South
America, with territories in Central
America. Colombia shares a border to
the northwest with Panama, to the east
with Venezuela and Brazil and to the
south with Ecuador and Peru. It shares its
maritime limits with Costa Rica,
Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti
and the Dominican Republic. Colombia
is a unitary, constitutional republic
comprising thirty-two departments, with
the capital in Bogota.
especially from foreign countries outside
of Asia, the South Korean government
has set a target of attracting 20 million
foreign tourists a year by 2017.
South Korean tourism is driven by many
factors, including the popularity of South
Korean pop music and television dramas,
known as Korean Wave (Hallyu),
throughout East Asia, traditional culture,
cuisine and natural environment. The
Hyundai Research Institute reported that
the Korean Wave has a direct impact in
encouraging direct foreign investment
back into the country through demand
for products, and the tourism
industry.Among Asian countries, China
was the most receptive, investing 1.4
billion in South Korea, with much of the
investment within its service sector, a
sevenfold increase from 2001. According
to an analysis by economist Han Sang-
Wan, a 1 percent increase in the exports
of Korean cultural content pushes
consumer goods exports up 0.083
percent while a 1 percent increase in
Korean pop content exports to a country
produces a 0.019 percent bump in
tourism.
USA
The United States of America (USA),
commonly known as the United States
(U.S. or US) or America, is a country
composed of 50 states, a federal district,
five major self-governing territories, and
various possessions. At 9.8 million km2, the
United States is the world's third or fourth
largest country by total area and slightly
smaller than the entire continent of
Europe. With a population of over 327
million people, the U.S. is the third most
populous country. The capital is
Washington, D.C., and the largest city by
population is New York. Forty-eight states
 and the capital's federal district are
The climate of Colombia is
contiguous in North America between
characterized for being tropical
Canada and Mexico. .
presenting variations within six natural
regions and depending on the altitude,
temperature, humidity, winds and
rainfall. The diversity of climate zones in
Colombia is characterized for having
tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes,
deserts and mountain climate.
Administrativ In accordance with the principle of The Federal Government of the United
e System separation of powers, government is States (U.S. Federal Government) is the
divided into three branches: the national government of the United States,
executive branch, the legislative a federal republic in North America,
branch and the judicial branch. composed of 50 states, a federal district,
five major self-governing territories, and
As the head of the executive branch, several island possessions. The federal
the President of Colombia serves as government is composed of three distinct
both head of state and head of branches: legislative, executive, and
government, followed by the Vice judicial, whose powers are vested by the
President and the Council of Ministers. U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the
The president is elected by popular vote President, and the federal courts,
to serve four-year term (In 2015. At the respectively.
provincial level executive power is
vested in department governors,
municipal mayors and local
administrators for smaller administrative
subdivisions, All regional elections are
held one year and five months after the
presidential election.

The legislative branch of government is

represented nationally by the Congress,
a bicameral institution comprising a 166-
seat Chamber of Representatives and a
102-seat Senate. The Senate is elected
nationally and the Chamber of
Representatives is elected in electoral
districts.

The judicial branch is headed by four

high courts, consisting of the Supreme
Court Colombia operates a system of
civil law, which since 2005 has been
applied through an adversarial system.

Colombia is divided into 32

departments and one capital district,
which is treated as a department.
Departments are subdivided into
municipalities, each of which is assigned
a municipal seat, and municipalities are
in turn subdivided into corregimientos in
 rural areas and into comunas in urban
areas. Each department has a local
government with a governor and
assembly directly elected to four-year
terms, and each municipality is headed
by a mayor and council.
Economic Colombia is Latin America's fourth
developme largest and Middle America's second
nt largest economy measured by gross
domestic product.
Petroleum is Colombia's main export,
making over 45% of Colombia's exports.
Manufacturing makes up nearly 12% of
Colombia's exports, and grows at a rate
of over 10% a year. Colombia has the
fastest growing information technology
industry in the world and has the longest
fibre optic network in Latin America.
Colombia also has one of the largest
shipbuilding industries in the world
outside Asia.
The economy of the United States is a
highly developed mixed economy. It is
the world's largest economy by nominal
GDP and the second-largest by
purchasing power parity (PPP). It also has
the world's seventh-highest per capita
GDP (nominal) and the eleventh-highest
per capita GDP (PPP) in 2016. The US has
a highly diversified, world-leading
industrial sector It is also a high-
technology innovator with the second-
largest industrial output in the world. The
U.S. dollar is the currency most used in
international transactions and is the
world's foremost reserve currency,
backed by its science and technology, its
military, the full faith of the U.S.
government to reimburse its debts, its
central role in a range of international
institutions since World War II, and the
petrodollar system.Several countries use it
as their official currency, and in many
others, it is the de facto currency. Its
largest trading partners are China,
Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany,
South Korea, United Kingdom, France,
India, and Taiwan.
The nation's economy is fueled by
abundant natural resources, a well-
developed infrastructure, and high
productivity. It has the second-highest
total-estimated value of natural
resources, in 2016. Americans have the
highest average household and
employee income among nations. The
United States has held the world's largest
national economy since at least the
1890s. It is the world's largest producer of
oil and natural gas. In 2016, it was the
world's largest trading nation as well as its
second-largest manufacturer,
representing a fifth of the global

Education The educational model of Colombia
System resembles that of the Netherlands.
Colombia works with a primary and a
secondary school. In 1886 in the law is
included that education is regulated by
the Ministry of Education. There is also a
law that 10% of the budget of the
government must be spent on
education. The language of instruction
is Spanish. There are schools in which
instruction is in English, German or
French, but these are private schools
and must be paid for. Most Colombians
can't pay that much.
Textbooks are not issued by the school
or put on loan by the school. People
must buy their own books. At the time a
school has a particular method (book) it
is used for about 3 years. Books are
available in local bookstores.
In Colombia the primary and secondary
education use a uniform. This is so that
all children have the same clothes. So
you cannot identify if someone is from a
family wich is rich or poor.
http://www.colombiainfo.org/en-
us/colombia/education.aspx
Military The Military Forces of Colombia are the
Forces unified armed forces of the Republic of
Colombia. The Colombian military is the
second largest in the Western
Hemisphere in terms of active
personnel, behind the United States
Armed Forces. The President of
Colombia is the military's commander in
chief. The Colombian military consists of
the National Army of Colombia,
Colombian Navy, Colombian Air Force
and the Colombian Naval Infantry.
Although the National Police of
Colombia is technically not part of the
military, it is controlled and administered
manufacturing output.
Education in the United States is provided
by public, private and home schools.
State governments set overall
educational standards, often mandate
standardized tests for K–12 public school
systems and supervise, usually through a
board of regents, state colleges, and
universities. Funding comes from the
state, local, and federal government.
Private schools are generally free to
determine their own curriculum and
staffing policies, with voluntary
accreditation available through
independent regional accreditation
authorities, although some state
regulation can apply.
By state law, education is compulsory
over an age range starting between five
and eight and ending somewhere
between ages sixteen and eighteen,
depending on the state. This requirement
can be satisfied in public schools, state-
certified private schools, or an approved
home school program. In most schools,
compulsory education is divided into
three levels: elementary school, middle or
junior high school, and high school. Post-
secondary education, divided into
college, as the first tertiary degree, and
graduate school.
The United States Armed Forces are the
military forces of the United States of
America. It consists of the Army, Marine
Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard.
The President of the United States is the
Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Armed
Forces. The U.S. Armed Forces are one of
the largest militaries in terms of the
number of personnel. The U.S. Air Force is
the world's largest air force, the U.S. Navy
is the world's largest navy by tonnage,
and the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine
Corps combined are the world's second
largest air arm. In terms of size, the U.S.
Coast Guard is the world's 12th largest
 by the Ministry of Defense. naval force.

The Colombian armed forces consist of:

Military Forces:

Colombian Army

Colombian Navy and attached

services Marines and Coast Guard

Colombian Air Force

National Police of Colombia

Tourism Colombia has major attractions for a Tourism in the United States is a large
Data tourist destination, such as Cartagena industry that serves millions of
and its historic surroundings, which are international and domestic tourists yearly.
on the UNESCO World Heritage List; the Foreigners visit the U.S. to see natural
insular department of San Andrés, wonders, cities, historic landmarks, and
Providencia y Santa Catalina; and entertainment venues. Americans seek
Santa Marta and the surrounding area. similar attractions, as well as recreation
The coffee region is also a very popular and vacation areas.
destination, especially the city of
Tourists spend more money in the United
Armenia and its surroundings. Fairly
States than any other country, while
recently, Bogotá, the nation's capital,
attracting the second-highest number of
has become Colombia's major tourist
tourists after France. Today, there exists
destination because of its improved
a wide range of tourist attractions in the
museums and entertainment facilities
United States such as amusement parks,
and its major urban renovations,
festivals, gambling, golf courses, historical
including the rehabilitation of public
buildings and landmarks, hotels,
areas, the development of parks, and
museums, galleries, outdoor recreation,
the creation of an extensive network of
spas, restaurants and sports
cycling routes. With its very rich and
varied geography, which includes the
Amazon and Andean regions, the
llanos, the Caribbean and Pacific
coasts, and the deserts of La Guajira,
and its unique biodiversity, Colombia
also has major potential for ecotourism.