HSC Mathematics Ext.

1 (3 Unit)
SAMPLE LECTURE SLIDES

HSC Exam Preparation Programs

22-26 September, 2014

c 2014 Sci SchoolTM . All rights reserved.
 Overview

1. Further 1. Further Trigonometry

Trigonometry

2. Circle Geometry 2. Circle Geometry

3. Parametric
Equations 3. Parametric Equations
4. Mathematical
Induction 4. Mathematical Induction
5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem
5. Polynomials
7. Further Probability 6. Binomial Theorem
8. Integration
Methods
7. Further Probability
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions 8. Integration Methods
10. Rates of Change

11. Rectilinear
9. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

10. Rates of Change
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion
11. Rectilinear Motion
12. Projectile Motion
13. Simple Harmonic Motion

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1. Further
Trigonometry

2. Circle Geometry

3. Parametric
Equations

4. Mathematical
Induction

5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem

7. Further Probability
10. Rates of Change
8. Integration
Methods
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions

10. Rates of Change

10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions

11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.1 Chain Rule Applications

1. Further
Trigonometry
In the 2 Unit course, we learned that ‘the rate of change’ of a function, Q(t),
2. Circle Geometry means ‘the derivative with respect to time’, i.e. dQ
dt .
3. Parametric
Equations

4. Mathematical
In the 3 Unit course, Q may not be explicitly known as a function of t but of
Induction another variable, u, instead. Hence, dQ
dt must be found using the Chain Rule.
5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem
dQ dQ(u) du
7. Further Probability
= ·
8. Integration dt du dt
Methods
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
• Step 1: Write down the known ( du
dt ) & unknown ( dQ
dt ) time-derivatives.
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
• Step 2: Find the connection between Q and u. We need it explicitly as
Applications Q(u), with no other variables in the expression.
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted • Step 3: Differentiate Q(u) to get dQ
du .
Questions

11. Rectilinear
Motion
• Step 4: Substitute your values for dQ
du and du
dt into the Chain Rule to
12. Projectile Motion solve for dQ
dt .
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.1 Chain Rule Applications

1. Further
Trigonometry
For example, an inverted cone of base radius 6 cm and height 20 cm has
2. Circle Geometry water flowing from its apex at the constant rate of 6 cm3 /s.
3. Parametric
Equations Use the Chain Rule to determine the rate at which the water level is falling
4. Mathematical
Induction
when the water level is 4 cm.
5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem
6
7. Further Probability

8. Integration
Methods
r
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions 20
10. Rates of Change h
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions

11. Rectilinear
• Step 1: We want dh
dt when h is 4 cm. We know dV
dt is −6 cm3 /s.
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.1 Chain Rule Applications

1. Further
Trigonometry • Step 2: For a cone, V and h are related by V = 13 πr 2 h.
2. Circle Geometry

3. Parametric
Equations
Since r is also a variable, we need to rearrange the expression so it
4. Mathematical
contains only V and h as variables. Notice the geometric relationship
Induction
between r and h in the diagram: equiangular similar triangles means the
5. Polynomials
ratio r6 is equal to 20
h
.
6. Binomial Theorem

7. Further Probability

8. Integration Hence,
Methods h 3h
9. Inverse r =6× =⇒ r=
Trigonometric 20 10
Functions

10. Rates of Change Substituting this into our volume expression gives,
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
2
10.2 Newton’s Law of 1 3h
Cooling V = π h
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions
3 10
3π 3
∴ V = h
11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

100
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.1 Chain Rule Applications

1. Further
Trigonometry • Step 3: Differentiating V = 100 h
3π 3
gives us,
2. Circle Geometry

3. Parametric dV 9π 2 dh 100
Equations = h or =
4. Mathematical
dh 100 dV 9πh2
Induction

5. Polynomials • Step 4: Substituting our values for dh

dV and dV
dt into the Chain Rule,
6. Binomial Theorem

7. Further Probability dh dh dV
8. Integration
= ·
Methods
dt dV dt


9. Inverse dh 100  
Trigonometric ∴ = · −6 cm /s
3
Functions dt 9πh2
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
Lastly, at a water level of 4 cm, our expression simplifies to
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling dh 200 cm3 /s
10.3 HSC-Adapted =− 2 when h = 4 cm
Questions dt 3π (4 cm)
11. Rectilinear
Motion dh 25
12. Projectile Motion
∴ = − cm/s
dt 6π
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.2 Newton’s Law of Cooling

1. Further
Trigonometry
This is an extension on Exponential Growth and Decay discussed in the 2
2. Circle Geometry Unit course.
3. Parametric
Equations

4. Mathematical
Newton showed that an object’s temperature is governed by,
Induction

5. Polynomials
dT
6. Binomial Theorem = −k(T − Tf )
7. Further Probability
dt
8. Integration
Methods where k > 0 is a constant and Tf is the equilibration (final) temperature.
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
The solution to this equation is found by integrating the inverse expression.
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
That is, we first invert Newton’s differential equation,
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
dt −1
Questions
= .
11. Rectilinear dT k(T − Tf )
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.2 Newton’s Law of Cooling

1. Further
Trigonometry
Secondly, we integrate the fraction to form a log,
2. Circle Geometry 
−1
3. Parametric
t= dT
Equations
k(T − Tf )
4. Mathematical
Induction −1
= ln(T − Tf ) + C.
5. Polynomials
k
6. Binomial Theorem

7. Further Probability Subtracting C and multiplying by −k, give us,

8. Integration
Methods
9. Inverse −kt + kC = ln(T − Tf ).
Trigonometric
Functions

10. Rates of Change

We can now exponentiate both sides to arrive at
10.1 Chain Rule

e−kt+kC = T − Tf or Ae−kt = T − Tf ,
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions if we define a simplified constant as A = ekC . Solving for T gives us,
11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion T (t) = Tf + Ae−kt

13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.2 Newton’s Law of Cooling

1. Further
Trigonometry
The constant A represents the difference between initial and final
2. Circle Geometry temperatures. To see this, substitute t = 0 into T (t) to arrive at
3. Parametric T (0) = Tf + A, or A = T0 − Tf .
Equations

4. Mathematical
Induction
T (t)
5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem T0 T (t) = Tf + Ae−kt

7. Further Probability

8. Integration
Methods A>0
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
Tf
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of A<0
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions
T0
11. Rectilinear
Motion t
12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.2 Newton’s Law of Cooling

1. Further
Trigonometry For example, given a cooling constant of 0.06 min−1 , how much quicker is it
2. Circle Geometry to chill 18◦ C tap water to 7◦ C when using a 5◦ C refrigerator compared with a
3. Parametric
Equations
-20◦ C freezer?
4. Mathematical
Induction • Refrigerator data: T (t) = 7◦ C, T0 = 18◦ C, Tf = 5◦ C ∴ A = 13◦ C.
5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem • Step 1: Substitute the data into Newton’s temperature formula.
7. Further Probability
7 = 5 + 13e−0.06t
8. Integration
Methods 2
9. Inverse ∴ = e−0.06t
Trigonometric 13
Functions

10. Rates of Change

10.1 Chain Rule
• Step 2: Solve for t by taking logs of both sides,
Applications

10.2 Newton’s Law of 2
Cooling
ln = −0.06t
10.3 HSC-Adapted 13
Questions


11. Rectilinear 1 2
Motion ∴ t=− ln = 31.2 min
12. Projectile Motion
0.06 13
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.2 Newton’s Law of Cooling

1. Further
Trigonometry
• Freezer data: T (t) = 7◦ C, T0 = 18◦ C, Tf = −20◦ C ∴ A = 38◦ C.
2. Circle Geometry
• Step 1: Substitute the data into Newton’s temperature formula.
3. Parametric

7 = −20 + 38e−0.06t
Equations

4. Mathematical
Induction
27
5. Polynomials ∴ = e−0.06t
6. Binomial Theorem
38
7. Further Probability
• Step 2: Solve for t by taking logs of both sides,
8. Integration
Methods

9. Inverse 27
Trigonometric ln = −0.06t
Functions 38
10. Rates of Change


1 27
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications ∴ t=− ln = 5.7 min
10.2 Newton’s Law of
0.06 38
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions
Hence, the freezer is 26 minutes faster than the refrigerator at chilling the
11. Rectilinear
Motion water from 18◦ C to 7◦ C.
12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
Quesiton 1 (4 Marks)
2. Circle Geometry
Alice, Bob, and Charlie stand so as to form a right-angled triangle, with
3. Parametric
Equations Charlie and Bob forming the hypotenuse and Alice and Bob separated by
4. Mathematical
Induction
20 metres. Charlie proceeds to walk towards Alice at a constant rate of
5. Polynomials
change of 2 metres per second. At what rate is the distance between Charlie
6. Binomial Theorem and Bob changing, when Charlie is 15 metres from Alice?
7. Further Probability

8. Integration
Methods Solution
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
Let the distances between Charlie and Alice and Charlie and Bob be a and b,
dt when a is 15 metres. We know that dt
respectively. We need to calculate db da
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
is −2 metres per second, since the distance is decreasing.
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling Using Pythagorus’ Theorem,
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions
202 + a2 = b2
11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion
∴ b = 400 + a2
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
Differentiating this expression, we have
2. Circle Geometry db d  1
3. Parametric = 400 + a 2 2
Equations da da
4. Mathematical 1   1
2 −2
Induction = × 400 + a × 2a
2
5. Polynomials
a
6. Binomial Theorem = √
7. Further Probability 400 + a2
8. Integration 3
Methods = , when a = 15
9. Inverse 5
Trigonometric
Functions
Substituting these values into the Chain Rule, we arrive at
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications db 3
10.2 Newton’s Law of = × −2
Cooling dt 5
10.3 HSC-Adapted
6
Questions
=−
11. Rectilinear 5
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

Hence, when Charlie is 15 m from Alice, he approaches Bob at 1.2 m/s.
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
Quesiton 2 (3 Marks)
2. Circle Geometry
A cup of tea has an initial temperature of 100◦ C. The temperature, T ◦ C, of
3. Parametric
Equations the tea after t minutes is given by
4. Mathematical

T (t) = X + Y e−kt ,
Induction

5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem

7. Further Probability
where X, Y , and k are positive constants.
8. Integration
Methods In a room with an ambient temperature of 19◦ C, the temperature of the tea
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
drops to 85◦ C after 5 minutes. How long does the tea take to cool to 50◦ C?
Functions

10. Rates of Change

10.1 Chain Rule Solution
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
The final temperature of the tea will be 19◦ C, ∴ X = 19◦ C.
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions Also, we are told that T (0) = 100◦ C, ∴ Y = (100 − 19)◦ C = 81◦ C.
11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
When t = 5, T = 85◦ C. Substituting this into the equation, we have
2. Circle Geometry

3. Parametric 80 = 19 + 81e−k×5
Equations

4. Mathematical 61 = 81e−5k
Induction
61
5. Polynomials
= e−5k
6. Binomial Theorem 81

7. Further Probability 1 61
8. Integration
∴ k = − ln
Methods 5 81
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions Now that all the constants are known, we can substitute T = 50◦ C.
1
10. Rates of Change ln( 61
81 )t
10.1 Chain Rule 50 = 19 + 81e 5
Applications
31 1 61
= e 5 ln( 81 )t
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted 81  31 
Questions
ln 81
11. Rectilinear
Motion
∴ t = 1  61  = 16.9 minutes
12. Projectile Motion
5 ln 81
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
Quesiton 3 (6 Marks)
2. Circle Geometry
At 3pm in a school playground, a melted chocolate bar is found to be at a
3. Parametric
Equations temperature of x◦ C. The packaging on the chocolate bar says it will begin to
4. Mathematical
Induction
melt at 16◦ C. The temperature, T ◦ C, of the bar t minutes after 3pm varies
5. Polynomials
according to the differential equation
6. Binomial Theorem
dT 1
7. Further Probability
= ln(1.6)(A − T ),
8. Integration dt 60
Methods
9. Inverse
Trigonometric
where A is a constant.
Functions

10. Rates of Change (i) Show that for any constant, B, a solution to the differential equation is
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications 1
− 60
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
T = A + Be ln(1.6)t
.
10.3 HSC-Adapted
◦
Questions
(ii) After an hour, the chocolate bar increases in temperature by 15
4 C. Given
the chocolate bar started to melt at 2pm, find x and the limiting temperature
11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion of the bar. Assume the temperature of the day is constant.
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
Solution
2. Circle Geometry
(i) Differentiating the proposed solution, we have
3. Parametric

d 
Equations
dT 1
4. Mathematical
Induction = A + Be− 60 ln(1.6)t
5. Polynomials
dt dt
1
− 60 1
6. Binomial Theorem = Be ln(1.6)t
× − ln (1.6)
7. Further Probability 60
8. Integration 1
Methods = (T − A) × − ln (1.6)
9. Inverse 60
Trigonometric 1
Functions
= ln(1.6)(A − T )
10. Rates of Change 60
10.1 Chain Rule
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
as required.
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions (ii) We are told that T (0) = x◦ C, ∴ x = A + B.
11. Rectilinear
Motion

12. Projectile Motion

13. Simple Harmonic

Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
When t = −60, T = 16◦ C. Substituting these values into the equation,
1
2. Circle Geometry − 60
3. Parametric
16 = A + Be ln(1.6)×−60

Equations

4. Mathematical
16 = A + Beln(1.6)
Induction
16 = A + B × 1.6
5. Polynomials
16 − A
6. Binomial Theorem
∴ B=
7. Further Probability 1.6
8. Integration
Methods
15 ◦
9. Inverse When t = 60, T = (x + 4 ) C. Hence, we have
Trigonometric
Functions
15 1
10. Rates of Change x+ = A + Be− 60 ln(1.6)×60
10.1 Chain Rule 4
Applications
15 − ln( 16
10 )
10.2 Newton’s Law of
Cooling
A+B+ = A + Be
10.3 HSC-Adapted
4
Questions 15 10
11. Rectilinear B+ =B×
Motion 4 16
12. Projectile Motion ∴ B = −10
13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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 10.3 HSC-Adapted Questions

1. Further
Trigonometry
Combining these equations, we have
2. Circle Geometry
16 − A
3. Parametric = −10
Equations 1.6
4. Mathematical
Induction ∴ A = 16 + 16 = 32
5. Polynomials

6. Binomial Theorem Since x = A + B, we have

7. Further Probability

8. Integration x = 32 − 10
Methods
9. Inverse ∴ x = 22
Trigonometric
Functions
1
10. Rates of Change
10.1 Chain Rule
The limiting temperature occurs when t → ∞. Since e− 60 ln(1.6)t → 0 as
Applications
10.2 Newton’s Law of
t → ∞, we arrive at
Cooling
10.3 HSC-Adapted
Questions
T (t → ∞) = 32 − 10 × 0
11. Rectilinear = 32
Motion

12. Projectile Motion which is the equilibrium temperature.

13. Simple Harmonic
Motion

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