Logic Gates

It is a simple switching circuit that determines whether the input signal or pulse can be
transferred through to output in digital circuit
They are the building blocks of digital circuit.
1.AND
Its output is 1 when both the inputs are 1. If a input is 0 then the output will also be 0
2.OR
This has two or more inputs and one output. Its output is 1 if even one of the input is 1.

3.NOT
This is an inverting gate. It is also known as inverter.
It converts the data from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.
It gives the opposite of input
It has only one input and one output

4.NAND
NOT+AND=NAND. Inverter of AND. Cosists of and gate followed by not gate

5.NOR
NOT+OR=NOR consists of or gate followed by not gate
6.XOR
Exclusive OR gate

7.XNOR
Exclusive NOR
Universal Gates
These are the gates that can be implemented using any Boolean function
without the need of using any other gate type
There are 2 types of universal gates:
• NAND
• NOR
Karnaugh Map(K-Map)
It is a pictorial method used to minimize boolean expression without using the boolean
algebra theories and law.

FOR SOP
2 Variable

3 Variable

4 Variable
FOR POS
2 Variable

3 Variable

4 Variable

Don’t Care Condition

Sop

POS
POS to SPOS

SOP to SSOP

Minterm
Every term of standard sop representation of Boolean expression is called minterm
Maxterm
Every term of standard pos representation of Boolean expression is called maxterm

Half Adder/Adder
2-Bit Adder/Half Adder
Adder

Half Subtracter/Subtracter
Encoder
Decoder
https://www.javatpoint.com/decoder-digital-electronics
Combinational Circuit

Sequential Circuit