708 s and p-Block Elements

heat
NH 4 Cl NaOH NaCl NH 3 H 2O Na 2 CO 3 H 2O H 2 CO 3 2 Na 2OH
Weak acid
(b) Reaction with halogens :
(c) It is readily decomposed by acids with the evolution of CO 2
X2 2 NaOH (cold) NaX NaXO H 2O
sod. hypohalite gas.
3 X2 6 NaOH (hot) 5 NaX NaXO3 3 H 2O ; (d) Na 2 CO 3 H 2O CO 2 2NaHCO 3
(Sod. halate)
Uses : In textile and petroleum refining, Manufacturing of glass,
(X Cl, Br, I) NaOH soap powders etc.
(c) Reaction with metals : Weakly electropositive metals like Zn, Al (iv) Sodium peroxide (Na O ) 2 2

Preparation : It is manufactured by heating sodium metal on

and Sn etc.
aluminium trays in air (free from CO 2 )
Zn 2 NaOH Na 2 ZnO2 H2
2 Na O 2 (air) Na 2 O 2
(d) Reaction with sand, SiO : 2

2 NaOH SiO2 Na 2 SiO3 H 2O Properties : (a) When pure it is colourless. The faint yellow colour
Sod. silicate(glass) of commercial product is due to presence of small amount of superoxide
(NaO 2 ).
(e) Reaction with CO:
(b) On coming with moist air it become white due to formation of
150 200 o C
NaOH CO HCOONa NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 .
5 10 atm Sod. formate

NaOH breaks down the proteins of the skin flesh to a pasty mass, 2 Na 2 O 2 2H 2 O 4 NaOH O2 ;
therefore it is commonly known as caustic soda. 2 NaOH CO 2 Na 2 CO 3 H 2O
Caustic property : sodium hydroxide breaks down the proteins of
the skin flesh to a pasty mass, therefore, it is commonly known as caustic (c) It is powerful oxidising agent. It oxidises Cr (III) hydroxide to
soda. sodium chromate, Mn (II) to sodium manganate and sulphides to
Uses : Sodium hydroxide is used : sulphates.
Uses : As a bleaching agent and it is used for the purification of air
(a) in the manufacture of soidum metal, soap (from oils and fats),
rayon, paper, dyes and drugs, in confined spaces such as submarines because it can combine with CO 2
(b) for mercurinzing cotton to make cloth unshrinkable and to give Na 2 CO 3 and oxygen, 2CO 2 2 Na 2 O 2 2 Na 2 CO 3 O2 .
(c) as a reagent in the laboratory. (v) Micro cosmic salt [Na (NH ) HPO . 4H O] 4 4 2

(iii) Sodium carbonate or washing soda, Na 2 CO 3 Prepared by dissolving equimolar amounts of Na 2 HPO4 and
It exists in various forms, namely anhydrous sodium carbonate Na CO 2 2
NH 4 Cl in water in 1 : 1 ratio followed by crystallization
(soda-ash); monohydrate Na 2 CO 3 .H 2 O (crystal carbonate); hyptahydrate NH 4 Cl Na 2 HPO4 Na( NH 4 )HPO4 NaCl
Na 2 CO 3 .7 H 2 O and decahydrate Na 2 CO 3 .10 H 2 O (washing soda or sal Crystallization
soda). Na(NH 4 )HPO4 .4 H 2 O
(Colourless crystal)
Preparation : (a) Solvay process : In this process, brine (NaCl) ,
NH 3 and CO 2 are the raw materials. Chemical properties :
On heating M.C.S, NaPO3 is formed. NaPO3 forms coloured
NH 3 CO 2 H 2O NH 4 HCO 3
beads with oxides of transition metal cloudy SiO 2
NH 4 HCO 3 NaCl 30o C NaHCO 3 NH 4 Cl
Na( NH 4 )HPO4 NaPO3 H 2O NH 3
2 NaHCO 3 250o C Na 2 CO 3 H 2O CO 2
(Sodium meta
phosphate)

2 NH 4 Cl Ca(OH )2 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 2 NH 3 NaPO3 CuO CuNaPO 4

slaked (Trans parent (blue bead)
glassy bead)
lime
NaPO3 CoO CoNaPO4 (blue bend)
CaCl 2 so formed in the above reaction is a by product of solvay
process. NaPO3 MnO NaMnO4 (blue bead)
Properties Uses : (a) For the formation of sodium meta phosphate and copper
dry air sodium phosphate
(a) Na 2 CO 3 .10 H 2 O Na 2 CO 3 .H 2 O 9 H 2 O
(decahydra te) (Monohydrate) (b) It is used for the detection of colured ion
(c) It is espacially used for testing silica with which a cloudy bead
Na 2CO 3 . H 2O Na 2CO 3 containing floating properties of silica is obtained.
It does not decompose on funrther heating even to redness (m.pt. (vi) Sodium bi Carbonate (NaHCO , Baking soda) 3

853°C) Preparation : It is an inter mediate compound in manufacture of

(b) It is soluble in water with considerable evolution of heat. sodium carbonate by the solvay’s process