Kalat, J. W. (2019). Biological psychology. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage.

10.1
MÜLLERIAN DUCTS - PRECURSORS TO FEMALE INTERNAL STRUCTURES
WOLFFIAN DUCTS - PRECURSORS TO MALE INTERNAL STRUCTURES
SRY GENE - SEX-DETERMINING REGION ON THE Y CHROMOSOME | CAUSES THOSE UNDIFFERENTIATED
GONADS TO DEVELOP INTO TESTES, THE SPERM-PRODUCING ORGANS
ANDROGENS – PRODUCED BY TESTES | CAUSE THE WOLFFIAN DUCTS TO DEVELOP INTO SEMINAL VESICLES
AND THE VAS DEFERENS
MÜLLERIAN-INHIBITING HORMONE - CAUSES THE MÜLLERIAN DUCTS TO DEGENERATE
*BECAUSE FEMALES DO NOT HAVE THE SRY GENE, THEIR GONADS DEVELOP INTO OVARIES INSTEAD OF
TESTES, AND THEIR WOLFFIAN DUCTS DEGENERATE.
ESTRADIOL - MOST PROMINENT TYPE OF ESTROGEN
PROGESTERONE - PREPARES THE UTERUS FOR THE IMPLANTATION OF A FERTILIZED OVUM AND PROMOTES
THE MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY
*ORGANIZING EFFECTS PRODUCE LONGLASTING STRUCTURAL EFFECTS.
ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN - BINDS TO CIRCULATING ESTRADIOL AND PREVENTS IT FROM ENTERING CELLS
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA - A RESULT OF VERY HIGH TESTOSTERONE LEVELS BEFORE BIRTH
IMPOTENCE - THE INABILITY TO HAVE AN ERECTION
10.2
SEXUAL SELECTION - GENES THAT MAKE AN INDIVIDUAL MORE APPEALING TO THE OTHER SEX WILL
INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF REPRODUCTION, AND THEREFORE THE NEXT GENERATION WILL RESEMBLE
THOSE WITH SUCH GENE
GENDER IDENTITY - WHAT WE CONSIDER OURSELVES TO BE
SEX DIFFERENCES - BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES
GENDER DIFFERENCES - DIFFERENCES THAT RESULT FROM PEOPLE’S REGARDING THEMSELVES AS MALE OR
FEMALE
HERMAPHRODITE - HAS ANATOMY INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE, OR SHOWS A MIXTURE OF
MALE AND FEMALE ANATOMIES
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA - OVERDEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS FROM BIRTH
INTERSEX - A PERSON WHOSE SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IS INTERMEDIATE
ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY OR TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION - OCCURS IN VARIOUS DEGREES RESULTING IN
ANATOMY THAT RANGES FROM A SMALLER THAN AVERAGE PENIS TO GENITALS LIKE THOSE OF A TYPICAL
FEMALE
CLOACAL EXSTROPHY - GENETIC MALES ARE BORN WITH A VERY SMALL PENIS | A DEFECT OF PELVIS
DEVELOPMENT

MENSTRUAL CYCLE - A PERIODIC VARIATION IN HORMONES AND FERTILITY OVER THE COURSE OF ABOUT DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE - MORE EFFECTIVE THAN TESTOSTERONE FOR MASCULINIZING THE EXTERNAL
28 DAYS GENITALS

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE - PROMOTES THE GROWTH OF A FOLLICLE IN THE OVARY TRANSGENDER PEOPLE — THOSE WHO HAVE SWITCHED THEIR GENDER IDENTITY

*THE INCREASED RELEASE OF ESTRADIOL CAUSES AN INCREASED RELEASE OF FSH AS WELL AS A SUDDEN
SURGE IN THE RELEASE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY.
COMBINATION PILL - CONTAINING ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE, PREVENTS THE SURGE OF FSH AND LH
THAT WOULD OTHERWISE RELEASE AN OVUM
PUDENDAL NERVE - WHICH TRANSMITS TACTILE STIMULATION FROM THE VAGINA AND CERVIX TO THE
BRAIN
PERIOVULATORY PERIOD - THE DAYS AROUND THE MIDDLE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE, WHEN FERTILITY
IS HIGHEST