A Report

on
Quantifying biodiversity and formulation a
biodiversity index at PSTU

Course Code: ENS 312

Course Title: Ecology and Biodiversity

Submitted by:
Group-06
ID: 1806007,1806030,1806032,1806044,
1806050,1806052,180654.
Session: 2018-19
Level-3, Semester-1
Faculty of Environmental Science and
Disaster Management Submitted to:
Patuakhali Science and Technology Md. Tariqul Islam
University Assistant Professor,
Department of Environmental
1
Science,
Faculty of Environmental Science and
Disaster Management
Patuakhali Science and Technology
University
 Quantifying Biodiversity and Formulation a
Biodiversity Index at Germplasm Centre, PSTU
Table of Content
Serial Topics Page

01 Introduction 03

02 Study Area 03

03 Methods 04

04 Result 04

05 Conclusion 07

06 Amex use 08

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1.1 Introduction:
A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as
species) there are in a dataset (a community), and simultaneously takes into account how evenly
the basic entities (such as individuals) are distributed among those types.
A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as
species) there are in a dataset (a community), and simultaneously takes into account how evenly
the basic entities (such as individuals) are distributed among those types. Richness is simply
quantifying how many different types the dataset of interest contains. Species richness is the
number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.
Abundance: Relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem and number of
individuals found per sample. Evenness: Species diversity is a measurement of species richness
combined with evenness, meaning it takes into account not only how many species are present
but also how evenly distributed the numbers of each species are. Effective number of species:
Is the number of species that would have given the same value of the Shannon index, if all
species had occurred with the same number. Simpson’s Diversity Index: is a measure of
diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative
abundance of each species. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases.
Effective number of species = exp (H).

1.2 Study Area:

Our Study area was the Germplasm Centre which is situated in PSTU campus. As it is a research
facility of Department of Horticulture, it contains a lot of abundance of various kinds of plants
and species, we choose the area as it holds plenty of diversity of species.

Figure: Germplasm Centre

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1.3 Methods:
For quantifying biodiversity, we take the methodology given below.
 Firstly, we take sample of total species have in the Germplasm Centre. We count total
number of individual species and total number of individual (planet and animal)
 Then we use Shannon and Simpson Index in excel sheet for count effective number of
species in the area, species richness and evenness.
 Finally, we make a table in word document and list the species and calculated data that
create from excel sheet.

1.4 Results:
Shannon Index
S
Shannon Index: H= -∑ Pi ln ⁡(Pi),
i=1

Here,
H= Shannon Index
Pi= Proportion of species with total number of individuals.
S= Species Richness.
Effective Number of Species: Exp (H)

SL no. Name of species Ni Pi Pi ln ⁡(Pi)

1 Lokot(Eugenia javanica) 5 0.008319468 -0.039843236
2 Jolpai (Olive) 15 0.024958403 -0.092110101
3 Amloki 16 0.026622296 -0.096532611
4 Narikel( Coconut) 25 0.041597338 -0.13226785
5 Mango 50 0.083194676 -0.206869545
6 Dragon Fruit 20 0.03327787 -0.113240022
7 Lobongo (Clove) 1 0.001663894 -0.010646581
8 Cycus 5 0.008319468 -0.039843236
9 Tal (Palm) 1 0.001663894 -0.010646581
10 Bael 20 0.03327787 -0.113240022
11 Pomelo (Batabi Labu) 27 0.044925125 -0.139391793
12 Banyen ( Bot) 1 0.001663894 -0.010646581
13 Lichi 7 0.011647255 -0.051861553

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 14 Sofeda ( Sepodila) 20 0.03327787 -0.113240022
15 Cashaw Nut 12 0.019966722 -0.078143526
16 Indian jujube 12 0.019966722 -0.078143526
17 Jamrul ( Java Apple) 25 0.041597338 -0.13226785
18 Kamranga (Star Fruit) 15 0.024958403 -0.092110101
19 Supari ( Areca palm) 90 0.149750416 -0.284343883
20 Jam( Java plum) 12 0.019966722 -0.078143526
21 Amra (Spondis Mombin) 5 0.008319468 -0.039843236
22 Malta 12 0.019966722 -0.078143526
23 Lemon 5 0.008319468 -0.039843236
24 Chal Kumra (Wax Gourd) 5 0.008319468 -0.039843236
25 Peyara (Guava) 40 0.06655574 -0.18034712
26 Chal Kumra (Elephent 10 0.016638935 -0.068153242
Apple)
27 Sojina ( Moringa) 2 0.003327787 -0.018986515
28 Bohera (Terminalia Bellirica) 1 0.001663894 -0.010646581
29 Banana 35 0.058236273 -0.165580101
30 Cherry 5 0.008319468 -0.039843236
31 Papaya 30 0.049916805 -0.14962051
32 Chile 10 0.016638935 -0.068153242
33 Brinjal 3 0.004991681 -0.02645582
34 Mulberry 2 0.003327787 -0.018986515
35 Chuijhal 10 0.016638935 -0.068153242
36 Garlic Plant 1 0.001663894 -0.010646581
37 Pine Apple 30 0.049916805 -0.14962051
38 Jack Fruit 9 0.014975042 -0.062915696
39 Cutton Plant 4 0.006655574 -0.033359738
40 Neem Plant 2 0.003327787 -0.018986515
41 Cactos 1 0.001663894 -0.010646581
Total 601 -3.212307128
H 3.212307128

Effective Number of Species, Exp(H)= 24.83632075

Effective number of species is the number of species that would have given the same value of the
Shannon index, if all species had occurred with the same number. After calculating Shannon
index we can see that there have about 25(24.83632075) species that would have given the same
value if all species had occurred with the same number. It actually takes almost one third number
of total species. So, the bio diversities quality is good and not dominated.
H
Evenness, J= =0.86501812
ln (s)

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Here we can see that the evenness is 0.86501812. That means almost all species are evenly
distributed. That show us that more than 85% species are represented in similar numbers. So, we
can say that the diversity of Germplasm Centre is well distributed or all are evenly distributed.

Simpson Index
S

Simpson Index: D= ∑ Pi 2
i=1

Here, D=Simpson index,

Pi= Proportion of species with total number of individuals

S=Species Richness.
Table 1.2: Calculating Simpson Index.

SL no. Name of species Ni Pi pi2

1 Lokot(Eugenia javanica) 5 0.008319468 6.92135E-05
2 Jolpai (Olive) 15 0.024958403 0.000622922
3 Amloki 16 0.026622296 0.000708747
4 Narikel( Coconut) 25 0.041597338 0.001730339
5 Mango 50 0.083194676 0.006921354
6 Dragon Fruit 20 0.03327787 0.001107417
7 Lobongo (Clove) 1 0.001663894 2.76854E-06
8 Cycus 5 0.008319468 6.92135E-05
9 Tal (Palm) 1 0.001663894 2.76854E-06
10 Bael 20 0.03327787 0.001107417
11 Pomelo (Batabi Labu) 27 0.044925125 0.002018267
12 Banyen ( Bot) 1 0.001663894 2.76854E-06
13 Lichi 7 0.011647255 0.000135659
14 Sofeda ( Sepodila) 20 0.03327787 0.001107417
15 Cashaw Nut 12 0.019966722 0.00039867
16 Indian jujube 12 0.019966722 0.00039867
17 Jamrul ( Java Apple) 25 0.041597338 0.001730339
18 Kamranga (Star Fruit) 15 0.024958403 0.000622922
19 Supari ( Areca palm) 90 0.149750416 0.022425187
20 Jam( Java plum) 12 0.019966722 0.00039867
21 Amra (Spondis Mombin) 5 0.008319468 6.92135E-05
22 Malta 12 0.019966722 0.00039867

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 23 Lemon 5 0.008319468 6.92135E-05
24 Chal Kumra (Wax Gourd) 5 0.008319468 6.92135E-05
25 Peyara (Guava) 40 0.06655574 0.004429667
26 Chal Kumra (Elephent 10 0.016638935 0.000276854
Apple)
27 Sojina ( Moringa) 2 0.003327787 1.10742E-05
28 Bohera (Terminalia Bellirica) 1 0.001663894 2.76854E-06
29 Banana 35 0.058236273 0.003391463
30 Cherry 5 0.008319468 6.92135E-05
31 Papaya 30 0.049916805 0.002491687
32 Chile 10 0.016638935 0.000276854
33 Brinjal 3 0.004991681 2.49169E-05
34 Mulberry 2 0.003327787 1.10742E-05
35 Chuijhal 10 0.016638935 0.000276854
36 Garlic Plant 1 0.001663894 2.76854E-06
37 Pine Apple 30 0.049916805 0.002491687
38 Jack Fruit 9 0.014975042 0.000224252
39 Cutton Plant 4 0.006655574 4.42967E-05
40 Neem Plant 2 0.003327787 1.10742E-05
41 Cactos 1 0.001663894 2.76854E-06
Total 601 D=
0.056226312
1
Effective Number of Species,
D = 17.78526762
Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of
species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and
evenness increase, so diversity increases. Here Simpson index value is 0.056 so its relative
abundance is 5% The effective number of species gain from Simpson index is 17.78526762. In
this format the biodiversity quality is relatively good.

Result and Discussion:

In this task we complete our report on quantifying biodiversity and formulation biodiversity
index. We use Shannon and Simpson index for calculating evenness, richness and effective
number of various species for measuring biodiversity quality in Germplasm Centre. Here, we got
effective number of species in Shannon index is 3.21 and in Simpson index is 17.78. The
evenness is 0.86501812. We also add the picture of each species remaining in our study area.
Biodiversity richness is very much important for balance in environment and it should be more
evenly distributed.

1.5 Conclusion
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We accomplished our report on quantifying biodiversity and formulation in Germplasm Centre
of PSTU and used Shannon and Simpson Index to calculate evenness, richness, and effective
number of various species for measuring biodiversity quality. And we found in Germplasm
Centre value of Shannon Index is 3.212307128 and Simpson Index 17.78526762 and evenness of
the diversity is. is 0.86501812 which is close to one. All these indicates that biodiversity is fairly
good enough in Germplasm Centre. Further its biodiversity could be ameliorated through
diligent care and observation of the greenery.

Figure: Some Pictures of Germplasm Centre Plants