1

CHAPTER 1

This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, and statement of

the problem, scope and significance of the study and definition of terms.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) is identified as one of the priority commodities of

Bicol Region. It can be used both for food and medicine purposes and can be utilized

from root to leaf. According to the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Bicol Region ranks

third in producing gabi throughout the country. (Alfigura, 2016)

There are different varieties of Gabi in the Philippines, gabi plants are divided

into two major varieties: upland and lowland varieties. The upland varieties that can be

grown both in lowland and upland areas are Gabing Tagalog, Gabing Cebu, Purple Leaf,

Karayo, Kabaloy, Negros Green Leaf, and Gabing Leyte.

Gabi (A. macrorrhiza) is a long-stalked herbaceous plant with huge leaves,

growing to a height of 30 to 150 centimeters. Rootstock is tuberous, up to 10 centimeters

in diameter. Leaves, in groups of two or three, are long-petioled, ovate, 20 to 50

centimeters long, glaucous, with entire margins, with a broad, triangular, basal sinus

extending one- third or halfway to the insertion of the petiole, with broad and rounded

basal lobes. Petioles are green or purplish, 0.2 to 1 meter long. Peduncles are usually

solitary. Spathe is variable in length, usually about 20 centimeters long, the tubular part

green, usually about 4 centimeters long, with the lanceolate, involute yellow limb about

20 centimeters long. Spadix is cylindric, half as long as the spathe, green below and

yellowish above; male and female inflorescences are each 2.5 to 5 centimeters long,
 2

separated by intervals and covered with flat, oblong neuters. Generally cultivated

throughout the Philippines but is not a native of the Archipelago. It is found in cultivated

soil, nearby swamps or water and is of Pantropic cultivation.

Prized for its large corms or underground stems, used as staple food in many

localities. Fresh edible leaves and petioles are a rich source of protein, ascorbic acid,

dietary fiber, and some important minerals. The corms, petioles and leaf blades are good

sources of vitamin B. To the early Hawaiians, grown mainly for poi production. Its easy

digestibility makes it a great nutritional supplement for weight gain needs in cancer-

cachexia, AIDS, pancreatitis and a miscellany of weight-loss conditions.

In the Philippines, the gabi is required for Ibaloy rituals, as an essential offering,

along with kamote, one or more pigs, a big jar of rice wine, and cooked rice, to invite

unseen spirits, ancestors and family member who have gone ahead, to join the ritual

festival and to partake of the food.  (G. Stuart, 2023)

Gabi (A. macrorrhiza) was originally domesticated in the Philippines, but are

known from wild specimens to early Austronesians in Taiwan. From the Philippines, they

spread outwards to the rest of Maritime Southeast Asia and eastward to Oceania where it

became one of the staple crops of Pacific Islanders. They are one of the four main species

of aroids (taros) cultivated by Austronesians primarily as a source of starch, the others

being Colocasia esculenta, with multiple cultivated varieties. Their leaves and stems are

also edible if cooked thoroughly, though this is rarely done for giant taro as it contains

higher amounts of raphides which cause itching.

 3

Gabi (A. macrorrhiza) plant is both an ornamental and a food crop. The foliage is

a major attraction with its large size and glossy touch. Hence, many gardeners love

adding this plant to achieve a tropical vibe. On the other hand, the corm of each alocasia

gabi is also edible. Many locals consume them as a vegetable or even as snacks like gabi

chips and fries. 

This species is native to Malesia (including Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines,

and parts of Indonesia), Queensland, and the Solomon Islands. A member of the Araceae

family, it’s an herbaceous plant that has a perennial growth cycle. 

One thing that makes the gabi (A. macrorrhiza) appearance distinct is its gigantic

size. Compared to other alocasia species, you’ll easily identify the giant taro by its huge

appearance. While it’s primarily a foliage plant, it also bears seasonal flowers. Below are

a more detailed description of the plant’s leaves and flowers.

When compared to its relative species in the family, the size of Alocasia

macrorrhiza is undoubtedly big. This is the same reason why it’s referred to as the giant

taro. When planted directly on the soil outdoors, it could grow up to 15 feet high and

spread up to 10 feet wide. The plant has an upright growing habit too. 

On top of being a huge species, the giant gabi has a fast growth rate too. It will

take only about two years for it to reach maturity. Each year, it could add 3 to 4 feet to its

size if the growing conditions are ideal. Potted giant gabi grows a little bit smaller

because of the limited soil. 

 4

While the roots are edible, the other parts of giant gabi contain significant

amounts of calcium oxalates that could be toxic to humans and pets. Hence, it’s important

to take caution when bringing this plant indoors. Keep this plant away from your children

and furbabies. This will avoid potential issues concerning toxicity.

The calcium oxalates present in the different parts of giant gabi may cause

irritation on the mouth, GI tract, and even skin of humans. For this reason, it’s not

advisable to consume the leaves and stems specifically when raw. The edible part, which

is the root, should be cooked first if you intend to consume it. (Mayers, 2023)

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study was conducted and focused on Inventory of Gabi (Alocasia

macrorrhiza) species in selected barangays in Virac, Catanduanes.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the varieties of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) propagated in selected

barangays in Virac, Catanduanes?

2. What is the most abundant variety of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) propagated in

selected barangay in Virac, Catanduanes?

1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY

This study delimits only on the Inventory of Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) species

in selected barangays in Virac, Catanduanes. Most specifically in the barangays of San

Vicente, F. Tacorda and Valencia respectively.

 5

1.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The study in Inventory of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) species in selected

barangays in Virac, Catanduanes most specifically the barangays of San Vicente, F.

Tacorda and Valencia to enhance the propagation of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza).

To Student- as their reference guide for their future studies on varieties of Gabi

(Alocasia macrorrhiza) present in selected barangays in Virac, Catanduanes.

To researchers – The result of the study will benefit and help the future researcher

as their guide. This study can also serve as a summary for the next researchers for the

deeper understanding for additional information, and for their reference.

1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following are definition of terms technically used in this study:

Abundant

 Variety of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) that is always available in the

selected barangays in Virac, Catanduanes.

Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza)

 Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) is a long-stalked herbaceous plant with huge

leaves, growing to a height of 30 to 150 centimeters. Rootstock is

tuberous, up to 10 centimeters in diameter. Leaves, in groups of two or

three, are long-petioled, ovate, 20 to 50 centimeters long, glaucous, with

entire margins, with a broad, triangular, basal sinus extending one- third

or halfway to the insertion of the petiole, with broad and rounded basal

lobes. Petioles are green or purplish, 0.2 to 1 meter long. Peduncles are
 6

usually solitary. Spathe is variable in length, usually about 20 centimeters

long, the tubular part green, usually about 4 centimeters long, with the

lanceolate, involute yellow limb about 20 centimeters long. Spadix is

cylindric, half as long as the spathe, green below and yellowish above;

male and female inflorescences are each 2.5 to 5 centimeters long,

separated by intervals and covered with flat, oblong neuters.

Inventory

 Refers to the itemized unit of Gabi Species present in the selected

barangays in Virac, Catanduanes.

Propagated

 Variety of Gabi Species being planted to acquire greater number of

Species.

Species

 A species is a class of plants or animals whose members have the

same main characteristics and are able to breed with each other. 

Variety/Varieties

 Refers to species of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) used in this study

namely Prinsesa, Sinamar and Katigpi.

 7

CHAPTER 2

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes review and synthesis of related literature and studies, gaps

of the review bridge by the present study and conceptual framework of the review.

2.2 Related Literature

According to Madulid (2014), Alocasia nycteris, Medecilo, Yao & Madulid

described as a new species from Aklan and Antique, Panay Island, Philippines. The

species is distinguished by its bat-wing shaped blade and deeply undulate do sub

pinnatifid leaf margins. The new species is most closely similar to A. sanderiana W. Bull.

There are 20 generals and about 130 species belonging to the family Araceae in the

Philippines. The largest genus in the Philippines is Alocasia (Schott) G. Don with 14

species recorded so far (Hay 1999) but based on recent field studies, the list increases to

at least 18 species (Medecilo, in prep.). All species of Alocasia in the Philippines are

endemic, except A. macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don which is widespread throughout the Asian

tropics and never found away from human disturbance anywhere in its range. Alocasia

has more than 75 species in the Malesian region, Sri Lanka, Australia, southern China

and the southernmost parts of Japan.

According to Hay (1999), the genus Alocasia (Schott) G.Don (Araceae) is revised

for the Philippines. Fourteen species are recognised, of which four are new to science. A

key to the species is provided. All except Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don are endemic.

Alocasia wenzelii Merr. is placed in the synonymy of A. zebrina Schott ex van Houtte.
 8

Alocasia manilensis Engl. and A. warburgii Engl. are synonyms of A. heterophylla

(Presl) Merr. Alocasia reversa N.E.Brown is Bornean, not Philippine as originally

attributed. The new species (A. boyceana A.Hay, A. clypeolata A.Hay, A. scalprum

A.Hay and A. ramosii A.Hay), the frequently misinterpreted Alocasia heterophylla and

the very rare A. atropurpurea Engl. are illustrated. Brief notes are made on horticultural

value, conservation status, local endemicity and relationships of Philippines Alocasia.

Where possible, cultivars recognised by the international horticultural community are

ascribed to species.

According to Medecillo (2007), Alocasia (Schott) G.Don is a genus of major

horticultural importance and agricultural significance in tropical and subtropical Asia

(Manner 2011). Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don, for example, is an important food

plant in the Visayan region particularly in Samar and Leyte. The rhizome of many

Alocasia species is a good source of starch and the leaves are used as feed for animals,

while several species, such as, A. clypeolata A. Hay, A. sanderiana W. Bull., A. sinuata

N.E. Brown, A. scalprum A. Hay and A. zebrina Schott ex van Houtte are grown as

ornamental plants (Steiner 1960). The genus comprises more than 110 species distributed

from Sri Lanka through Indochina to China, southern Japan, the Malesian region,

Oceania and Australia (Nauheimer et al. 2012). It is most diverse in Borneo (ca. 50

species), the Philippines (ca. 15), and New Guinea (ca. 12). Apparently, the Philippines is

the second most species-rich area in Malesia next to Borneo (Hay 1999). However, the

species report is based mainly on herbarium specimens and horticultural records. Field

data as well 146 as assessments of ecological and distributional patterns are needed to

confirm this report.

 9

According to (Maynard, 2003) Alocasia or giant gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.)

Schott) is probably better known as an ornamental tropical plant than as a food crop. It is

easily recognized by the spear-like appearance of the leaf laminae and petioles. Other

species, including A. indica (Roxb.) Schott, A. cucullata Schott and A. fornicata Schott

have been utilized as food crops.

Alocasia is among the oldest of food crops in Oceania, where, at one time, it was

a staple food. Its spread as a food crop has been limited to Oceania and the Asian tropics.

Its commercial importance is currently greater as an ornamental, than as a food crop.

There are only a few cultivated clones, most of which are found in the South Pacific.

According to Marwa (2016), The genus Alocasia of the Araceae family comprises

about 60–70 species of tropical herbs. Alocasia macrorrhiza L. Schott (Syn. A. indica) is

native to India and Malaya. It is a widely known ornamental, characterized by its arrow-

shaped leaves. The underground stem and root stocks are edible if cooked for a time long

enough to destroy the calcium oxalate raphides contained in them. Reviewing the

literature, it is considered a medicinal plant in the folklore of South Asia. The different

plant parts are traditionally used for iron deficiency, against poor eyesight, colic,

constipation, rheumatoid arthritis, jaundice and inflammation. The rhizome of A.

macrorrhiza is reported to have potent antihyperglycemic, moderate antioxidant and mild

cytotoxic activity. The leaf is reported to have antidepressant, laxative and diuretic as

well as hepatoprotective activities. Despite this multitude of bioactivities, only few

phytochemical investigations of A. macrorrhiza are found in the literature. The isolation

of two ceramides and of seven indole alkaloids, viz. alocasin A-E, hyrtiosin B and

 10

hyrtiosulawesine has been reported. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify

more of the phytoconstituents of A. macrorrhiza.

2.3 Related Studies

According to Medecillo (2007), Philippine Alocasia exhibits four types of growth

forms. It can be grouped into: (1) very massive pachycaul herb, (2) robust caulescent

herb, (3) moderately robust herb, and (4) small or diminutive herb. Species characterized

by a very massive pachycaul growth habit are Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don and A.

portei Schott. These two species are trunk forming reaching up to 6 m tall and the mature

plant develops a tessellated grayish brown bark. The trunk, however, is not so woody.

Alocasia atropurpurea Engl. and A. maquilingensis Merr. are examples of robust

caulescent herbs having a massive growth form reaching a height of up to 1.5 m tall.

Most other species of the moderately robust herbal growth form in the Philippines reach a

height of up to 70 cm with erect to decumbent stems. These include A. boyceana A. Hay,

A. culionensis Engl., A. micholitziana Sander, A. nycteris M.P. Medecilo, Yao &

Madulid, A. sanderiana and A. zebrina. Alocasia clypeolata, A. heterophylla (Presl.)

Merr., A. ramosii A. Hay, A. scalprum and A. sinuata, are categorized as small to

diminutive herbs reaching a height of up to 40 cm. Lamina shape is highly variable in

Alocasia. The species can be grouped according to the shape of the blade. Alocasia

culionensis has a narrowly hastate to sagittate blade. Alocasia atropurpurea is

characterized to have a cordato-sagittate blade. A. boyceana, A. heterophylla, A. ramosii

and A. zebrina have narrowly triangular to hasto-sagittate leaves. The species with
 11

broadly ovato-sagittate blade include A. clypeolata, A. macrorrhizos, and A.

maquilingensis. A. sinuata has narrow ovato-sagittate leaves and is the only species

having a bullate and deeply coriaceous blade. Alocasia portei and A. sanderiana have

sagittate to deeply-pinnatifid blade, while A. scalprum is the only species with falcate,

narrowly lanceolate blade. Seven types of leaf margins are found in Philippine Alocasia.

Species with entire leaf margins are A. atropurpurea, A. clypeolata, A. scalprum and A.

zebrina.

Alocasia occurs in all parts of the Philippines. Nearly all species are endemic in

the country, except A. macrorrhizos, which is widespread and occurs in Indo Malesia and

Oceania. One endemic species, A. zebrina, is found in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao

islands. Another species which is of wider distribution is A. boyceana. It is found in

Visayas (Cebu, Negros, Samar and Leyte), Mindanao (Jolo, Camiguin, Cotabato) and

Luzon (Bataan). Alocasia micholitziana is found in Rizal, Laguna, Benguet and Ifugao

provinces. Four species of Alocasia occur in Samar and Leyte islands, a Pleistocene

Island complex. These are A. boyceana A. sinuata, A. scalprum and A. zebrina. These

two islands are remarkable in having rich species although they have relatively small land

areas. Natural populations of A. sanderiana are confined to Mindanao Island only. It is

found in the provinces of Bukidnon, Agusan, Lanao, Butuan, Surigao and Misamis

Occidental. Based on the findings, it is apparent that Luzon and Visayas islands are the

centers of distribution of Alocasia in the Philippines, having 10 species each, while

Mindanao with 8 species.

Most of the Philippine Alocasia species are of ornamental or of potential

ornamental value and are presently threatened by over-collection and habitat destruction.
 12

There are several species of Philippine Alocasia, i.e., A. atropurpurea, A. nycteris, A.

scalprum, A. sinuata and A. sanderiana that are restricted in their distribution and are

known only from few natural localities today. They are presently threatened in various

degrees and in need of protection. However, they are not in the CITES list, whereas A.

sanderiana and A. zebrina are included in the National List of Threatened Species of the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Three species of Philippine

Alocasia have been evaluated and included in the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened

Species (Medecilo & Ong 2008a, 2008b, Medecilo et al. 2008). Based on the 2001

Criteria (v3.1) all three were categorized as critically endangered (CR). They are A.

atropurpurea, A. sinuata, and A. sanderiana (see www. iucnredlist.org).

According to (Tupas) the tropical condition in the Philippines gives forth

luxuriant growth of plants. Among the predominant food crops in the country are root

and tuber crops found in forests, swamps and other moist laden areas. Species of

Alocasia, Cyrtosperma and Colocasia abound in swamps, canals and river banks.

Domestication has brought these plants in the surrounding canals of the household which

supposedly triggered their consequent agricultural development. Locally known as

"gabi," it can be grown throughout the year in a wide range of soils. It is a crop the

household could turn to whenever shortage of traditional vegetable crops and

carbohydrate food arises. It is considered one the more expensive and rare vegetables in

the market particularly' in the metropolitan areas. "Only their by-products unfit for human

consumption go to feeds but never to waste. Gabi is generally grown as a backyard crop

and is most often planted in tracts of land no greater than a few' hundred square meters.

However, there are some, areas in the Bicol region, Negros Oriental and Cavite where the
 13

crop is cultivated in commercial scale although the individual farm holdings are still less

than one hectare. Taro production in the Philippines is still low compared to sweet potato

and cassava that the crop has been classified under "other" roots, bulbs and tubers. It

ranks far third in production and hectarage among the root crops grown in the

Philippines.

2.3 Synthesis of the Review of Related Literature and studies

There is a new species of Alocasia found in Aklan and Antique, Panay Island,

Philippines and there are also 20 generals and about 130 species belonging to the family

of Araceae in the Philippines. All species of Alocasia in the Philippines are endemic,

except A. macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don which is widespread throughout the Asian tropics.

(Madulid, 2014)

Alocasia (Schott) G.Don is a genus of major horticultural importance and

agricultural significance in tropical and subtropical Asia (Manner 2011). The genus

comprises more than 110 species distributed from Sri Lanka through Indochina to China,

southern Japan, the Malesian region, Oceania and Australia (Nauheimer et al. 2012). It is

most diverse in Borneo (ca. 50 species), the Philippines (ca. 15), and New Guinea (ca.

12). Apparently, the Philippines is the second most species-rich area in Malesia next to

Borneo (Hay 1999).

Alocasia occurs in all parts of the Philippines. Based on the findings, it is apparent

that Luzon and Visayas islands are the centers of distribution of Alocasia in the
 14

Philippines, having 10 species each, while Mindanao with 8 species of Alocasia.

(Medecillo, 2007)

2.4 Gaps of the Review Bridge by the Present Study

Most of the Philippine Alocasia species are of ornamental or of potential

ornamental value and are presently threatened by over-collection and habitat destruction.

Several species of Alocasia are restricted in their distribution and are known only from

few natural localities. They are presently threatened in various degrees and in need of

protection. Also, A. macrorrhiza or Giant gabi has a lot of variety in which are not found

in Virac, Catanduanes but are found in other localities of the Philippines and so happens

that the variety of Prinsesa and Sinamar are popular.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Varieties of A.
macrorrhiza observed
 Letter to
in Virac, Catanduanes
Municipal and
specifically in: Observed Varieties of
Barangay
Barangays Officials A. macrorrhiza
A. F. Tacorda  Questionnaire
B. San Vicente
C. Valencia
 15

CHAPTER 3

DATA AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a discussion of the design of the study, methodology, source

of data, respondents of the study, instrumentation validation, and data gathering

procedure.

3.1 Design of the study

The researchers utilized descriptive type of design of the study.

3.2 Methodology

The researchers prefer the Barangay F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia as

respondents. The data’s will be in interview questionnaire form as the basic tool to data

collection. First of the researchers made a letter to the barangay captains asking for

permission to conduct their survey and interview with regards to their research. Secondly,

the researchers conducted the interview and survey by talking face to face with the gabi
 16

sellers they see in the said barangays. Third, the researchers gathered all the data’s they

have collected and deliberated to their conclusions.

3.3 Source of Data

The researchers first made a Survey and Interview Questionnaire for gathering of

data from the respondents of Barangay F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia.

3.4 Respondents of the study

The respondents are the residents of Barangay San Vicente, Valencia and F.

Tacorda, Virac, Catanduanes.

3.5 Instrumentation of Validation

The instrument used by the researcher to gather the needed data’s is a survey

questionnaire and also an interview.

3.6 Data Gathering Procedure:

Before conducting the study, the researcher sent letter requests to the barangay

captains of Barangay San Vicente, Valencia and F. Tacorda, Virac, Catanduanes. for the

approach after the barangay captains to give them the permission and the measurement

constructed by the researcher is by observation for value and species of gabi present in

the selected barangays of Virac, Catanduanes. Then, the researcher conducted the

interview and survey by talking face to face with the gabi sellers they see in the said

barangays. And then, the researcher gathered all the data have collected and deliberated

to their conclusions.

3.7 Statistical Tools Used

 17

The researcher conducted interviews and surveys to get reliable information’s

using the SLOVINS to gather the data about the inventory of gabi variety in Virac,

Catanduanes and to answer the specific questions and find the following:

1. Frequency

2. Average

3. Percentage

Chapter 4

Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F.

Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes

4.1 Respondent’s Personal Profile

This study was conducted to a total of 90 respondents from the barangays of San

Vicente, F. Tacorda and Valencia of Virac, Catanduanes. Showing in Table 1 are the

respondent’s personal profile including the frequency and percentage. The age of gabi

farmers from these barangays ranges from 20 to 60 years old.

Table 1

Age Respondent’s
Frequency Percentage
Profile

20-40 43 47.7%

40-60 47 52.3%
 18

Total 90 100

San Vicente 30 33.33%

F. Tacorda 30 33.33%
Address
Valencia 30 33.33%

Total 90 100%

Elementary 37 41.12%

Educational High School 38 42.29%

Attainment College 15 16.59%

Total 90 100%

1-5 59 65.56%
No. of family
6-10 31 34.44%
members
Total 90 100%

4.2 Varieties of Gabi in Selected Barangays

Gabi (A. macrorrhiza) has different varieties, which only 3 were found in the

barangays of San Vicente, F. Tacorda and Valencia. Princesa, Katigpi and Sinamar

were abundant in these barangays. In Table 2 were the Gabi Profile consisted of the

Different Varieties of Gabi and the Abundant Varieties of Gabi including their

frequency and percentage.

Table 2

Different Varieties of Kinds of Taro Frequency Percentage

Gabi (Alocasia Product

 19

Princesa 65 72.30%

Katigpi 20 22.18%
macrorrhiza)
Sinamar 5 5.52%

Total 90 100%

Princesa 65 72.30%
Abundant Varieties of
Katigpi 20 22.18%
Gabi (Alocasia
Sinamar 5 5.52%
macrorrhiza)
Total 90 100%

Chapter 5

SUMMARY

This study was conducted to a total of 90 respondents from the barangays of San

Vicente, F. Tacorda and Valencia of Virac, Catanduanes. Showing in Table 1 is the

respondent’s personal profile including the frequency and percentage. The age of

gabi farmers from these barangays ranges from 20 to 60 years old. Gabi (Alocasia

macrorrhiza) has different varieties, which only 3 were found in the barangays of

San Vicente, F. Tacorda and Valencia. Princesa, Katigpi and Sinamar were abundant

in these barangays. In Table 2 were the Gabi Profile consisted of the Different

Varieties of Gabi.
 20

Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the conclusions arrived as based on the findings of the study

regarding the Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of

Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes. The study focuses

on the varieties of gabi (A. macrorrhiza) that are available in the selected barangays of

Virac, Catanduanes as follows: the Barangays San Vicente, F. Tacorda and Valencia

respectively to collect datas pertaining to the locals selling and just users of gabi. The

researchers also included some sneak peek to the life of the locals selling and not selling

gabi.

5.1 Conclusions

The following are the major conclusions of the study:

1. 43 out of the 90 respondents are 20-40 years old and 47 are 40-60 years old.
 21

2. 30 of the respondents is from San Vicente, Virac, Catanduanes, followed by 30 of

the respondents from F. Tacorda, Virac, Catanduanes, and 30 of the respondents

are from Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes.

3. There were only a few varieties of Gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza) found in the

selected barangays in Virac, Catanduanes.

4. Prinsesa, Katigpi and Sinamar are the varieties of gabi (Alocasia macrorrhiza)

propagated and found in the selected barangays in Virac, Catanduanes.

5.2 Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are made:

1. The future researchers may conduct similar studies to other barangays in Virac,

Catanduanes.

2. Government funding may be made available to help farmers obtain the farm

supplies they need to increase productivity.

 22

REFERENCES

 A. Hay: The genus alocasia (Araceae-Colocasieae) in the Philippines. 1999

 Bourke R.M., Vlassak V. Land Management Group, Department of Human

Geography, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University;

Canberra: 2004. Estimates of Food Crop Production in Papua New

Guinea. [Google Scholar]

 Emmanuel A. Onsay, Kevin C. Baltar, Eleanor R. Galicia and Ivan Ruzzel C.

Pesino; The Dynamics of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) through Value Chain

Analysis and Crop Accounting in Partido District, Camarines Sur, the Philippines.

October 2022

 Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003

 23

 Joy Jesumeda Oladimeji 1,2, P. Lava Kumar 2, Ayodeji Abe 3, Ramesh Raju

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and Opportunities (2022)

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 25

APPENDIX A

GABI VARIETY
 26

Prinsesa
 27

Sinamar

Katigpi
 28

APPENDIX B

F. Tacorda, Virac, Catanduanes

April 2022

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We BSES, students from Catanduanes State University taking Bachelor of Science

in Environmental Science. We are humbly sending you this letter to ask for your

permission to make our survey in your community, Barangay F. Tacorda. The survey

covers questions that is regarding the “Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed

by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac,

Catanduanes”. This is a part of my thesis entitle “Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties

Observed by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac,

Catanduanes”. We will do our best to perform this in the best of our ability and to be

respectful of your people. We will be responsible with all our actions during this activity.

We hope to hear a response from your respective office, you can reach us through the

contact details: [mobile number] [telephone number] [mobile number].

Thank you very much Ma’am/ Sir for reading this letter and for considering our

request.

Respectfully yours,

Raquel Damayo,

Jannezz Sorrera,
 29

Glyza Mhae Baguna,

Erico Havana

San Vicente, Virac, Catanduanes

April 2022

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We BSES, students from Catanduanes State University taking Bachelor of Science

in Environmental Science. We are humbly sending you this letter to ask for your

permission to make our survey in your community, Barangay San Vicente. The survey

covers questions that is regarding the “Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed

by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac,

Catanduanes”. This is a part of my thesis entitle “Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties

Observed by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac,

Catanduanes”. We will do our best to perform this in the best of our ability and to be

respectful of your people. We will be responsible with all our actions during this activity.

We hope to hear a response from your respective office, you can reach us through the

contact details: [mobile number] [telephone number] [mobile number].

Thank you very much Ma’am/ Sir for reading this letter and for considering our

request.

Respectfully yours,

Raquel Damayo,

Jannezz Sorrera,

Glyza Mhae Baguna,

 30

Erico Havana

Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes

April 2022

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We BSES, students from Catanduanes State University taking Bachelor of Science

in Environmental Science. We are humbly sending you this letter to ask for your

permission to make our survey in your community, Barangay Valencia. The survey

covers questions that is regarding the “Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed

by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac,

Catanduanes”. This is a part of my thesis entitle “Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties

Observed by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac,

Catanduanes”. We will do our best to perform this in the best of our ability and to be

respectful of your people. We will be responsible with all our actions during this activity.

We hope to hear a response from your respective office, you can reach us through the

contact details: [mobile number] [telephone number] [mobile number].

Thank you very much Ma’am/ Sir for reading this letter and for considering our

request.

Respectfully yours,

Raquel Damayo,

Jannezz Sorrera,

Glyza Mhae Baguna,

 31

Erico Hava

APPENDIX C

Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

We are BSES students from Catanduanes State University taking Bachelor of

Science in Environmental Science. Presently we are conducting a study regarding the

“Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F.

Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes”. In this regard, we are humbly

asking for your time and permission to answer the questions in our survey questionnaires

in your community, Barangay F. Tacorda. This is a part of my thesis entitle “Gabi

(Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda,

San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes”. Rest assured that all data gathered from

you will be kept in the highest level of confidentiality. Your positive response in this

request will be a great valuable contribution for the success of the study and will be

highly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

Raquel Damayo,

Jannezz Sorrera,

Glyza Mhae Baguna,

Erico Havana
 32

Noted:

Mrs. Maribel T. Ralla

Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

We are BSES students from Catanduanes State University taking Bachelor of

Science in Environmental Science. Presently we are conducting a study regarding the

“Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F.

Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes”. In this regard, we are humbly

asking for your time and permission to answer the questions in our survey questionnaires

in your community, Barangay San Vicente. This is a part of my thesis entitle “Gabi

(Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda,

San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes”. Rest assured that all data gathered from

you will be kept in the highest level of confidentiality. Your positive response in this

request will be a great valuable contribution for the success of the study and will be

highly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

Raquel Damayo,

Jannezz Sorrera,

Glyza Mhae Baguna,

Erico Havana
 33

Noted:

Mrs. Maribel T. Ralla

Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

We are BSES students from Catanduanes State University taking Bachelor of

Science in Environmental Science. Presently we are conducting a study regarding the

“Gabi (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F.

Tacorda, San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes”. In this regard, we are humbly

asking for your time and permission to answer the questions in our survey questionnaires

in your community, Barangay Valencia. This is a part of my thesis entitle “Gabi

(Alocasia Macrorrhiza) Varieties Observed by the respondents of Barangays F. Tacorda,

San Vicente and Valencia, Virac, Catanduanes”. Rest assured that all data gathered from

you will be kept in the highest level of confidentiality. Your positive response in this

request will be a great valuable contribution for the success of the study and will be

highly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

Raquel Damayo,

Jannezz Sorrera,

Glyza Mhae Baguna,

Erico Havana
 34

Noted:

Mrs. Maribel T. Ralla

APPENDIX D
DOCUMENTATION
Data gathering:
 35

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Raquel D. Damayo

Sex: Female

Birthday: August 15, 1998

Birthplace: Sta. Rosa, Batangas

Age: 23

Address: Cavinitan, Virac, Catanduanes

Religion: Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Educational Background

Tertiary: Catanduanes State University

Program: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science

Secondary: San Andres Vocational School, Lagro High School

Elementary: Comagaycay Elementary School

 36

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Erico Alfonso O. Habana

Sex: Male

Birthday: March 8, 2001

Birthplace: Cabcab, San Andres, Catanduanes

Age: 21

Address: Cabcab, San Andres, Catanduanes

Religion: Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Educational Background

Tertiary: Catanduanes State University

Program: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science

Secondary: Cabcab National High School

Elementary: Cabcab Central Elementary School

 37

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Jannezz Viana M. Sorrera

Sex: Female

Birthday: August 17, 2000

Birthplace: Eastern Bicol Medical Center

Age: 21

Address: San Pablo, Virac, Catanduanes

Religion: Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Educational Background

Tertiary: Catanduanes State University

Program: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science

Secondary: Catanduanes National High School

Elementary: Virac Pilot Elementary School

 38

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Glyza Mae Baguna

Sex: Female

Birthday: October 03, 2000

Birthplace: Markina City

Age: 22

Address: Bislig San Andres Catanduanes

Religion: Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Educational Background

Tertiary: Catanduanes State University

Program: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science

Secondary: Cabcab National High School

Elementary: Bislig Elementary School